Higher

GCSE

Chemisty B Twenty First Century Science

J258/03: Breadth in Chemistry (Higher Tier)

General Certificate of Secondary Education

Mark Scheme for June 2022

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

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This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements
of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking
commenced.

All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report
on the examination.

© OCR 2022

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS

PREPARATION FOR MARKING

RM ASSESSOR

1. Make sure that you have accessed and completed the relevant training packages for on-screen marking: RM Assessor Online Training; OCR
Essential Guide to Marking.

2. Make sure that you have read and understood the mark scheme and the question paper for this unit. These are available in RM Assessor.

3. Log-in to RM Assessor and mark the required number of practice responses (“scripts”) and the required number of standardisation
responses.

MARKING

1. Mark strictly to the mark scheme.

2. Marks awarded must relate directly to the marking criteria.

3. The schedule of dates is very important. It is essential that you meet the RM Assessor 50% and 100% (traditional 50% Batch 1 and 100%
Batch 2) deadlines. If you experience problems, you must contact your Team Leader (Supervisor) without delay.

4. If you are in any doubt about applying the mark scheme, consult your Team Leader by telephone, email or via the RM Assessor messaging
system.

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5. Crossed Out Responses

Where a candidate has crossed out a response and provided a clear alternative then the crossed out response is not marked. Where no
alternative response has been provided, examiners may give candidates the benefit of the doubt and mark the crossed out response where
legible.

Rubric Error Responses – Optional Questions

Where candidates have a choice of question across a whole paper or a whole section and have provided more answers than required, then all
responses are marked and the highest mark allowable within the rubric is given. Enter a mark for each question answered into RM assessor,
which will select the highest mark from those awarded. (The underlying assumption is that the candidate has penalised themselves by
attempting more questions than necessary in the time allowed.)

Multiple Choice Question Responses

When a multiple choice question has only a single, correct response and a candidate provides two responses (even if one of these responses
is correct), then no mark should be awarded (as it is not possible to determine which was the first response selected by the candidate).
When a question requires candidates to select more than one option/multiple options, then local marking arrangements need to ensure
consistency of approach.

Contradictory Responses
When a candidate provides contradictory responses, then no mark should be awarded, even if one of the answers is correct.

Short Answer Questions (requiring only a list by way of a response, usually worth only one mark per response)
Where candidates are required to provide a set number of short answer responses then only the set number of responses should be marked.
The response space should be marked from left to right on each line and then line by line until the required number of responses have been
considered. The remaining responses should not then be marked. Examiners will have to apply judgement as to whether a ‘second response’
on a line is a development of the ‘first response’, rather than a separate, discrete response. (The underlying assumption is that the candidate
is attempting to hedge their bets and therefore getting undue benefit rather than engaging with the question and giving the most relevant/correct
responses.)

Short Answer Questions (requiring a more developed response, worth two or more marks)
If the candidates are required to provide a description of, say, three items or factors and four items or factors are provided, then mark on similar
basis – that is downwards (as it is unlikely in this situation that a candidate will provide more than one response in each section of the response
space.)

Longer Answer Questions (requiring a developed response)

Where candidates have provided two (or more) responses to a medium or high tariff question which only required a single (developed) response
and not crossed out the first response, then only the first response should be marked. Examiners will need to apply professional judgement as
to whether the second (or a subsequent) response is a ‘new start’ or simply a poorly expressed continuation of the first response.

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

6. Always check the pages (and additional objects if present) at the end of the response in case any answers have been continued there. If the
candidate has continued an answer there then add a tick to confirm that the work has been seen.

7. Award No Response (NR) if:

• there is nothing written in the answer space.

Award Zero ‘0’ if:

• anything is written in the answer space and is not worthy of credit (this includes text and symbols).

Team Leaders must confirm the correct use of the NR button with their markers before live marking commences and should check this
when reviewing scripts.

8. The RM Assessor comments box is used by your Team Leader to explain the marking of the practice responses. Please refer to these
comments when checking your practice responses. Do not use the comments box for any other reason.

If you have any questions or comments for your Team Leader, use the phone, the RM Assessor messaging system, or email.

9. Assistant Examiners will send a brief report on the performance of candidates to their Team Leader (Supervisor) via email by the end of the
marking period. The report should contain notes on particular strengths displayed as well as common errors or weaknesses. Constructive
criticism of the question paper/mark scheme is also appreciated.

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

10. Annotations available in RM Assessor

Annotation Meaning
Correct response

Incorrect response

Omission mark

Benefit of doubt given

Contradiction

Rounding error

Error in number of significant figures

Error carried forward

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Benefit of doubt not given

Noted but no credit given

Ignore

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

11. Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the detailed Mark Scheme (to include abbreviations and subject-specific
conventions).

Annotation Meaning

/ alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point

 Separates marking points

DO NOT ALLOW Answers which are not worthy of credit

IGNORE Statements which are irrelevant

ALLOW Answers that can be accepted

() Words which are not essential to gain credit

__ Underlined words must be present in answer to score a mark

ECF Error carried forward

AW Alternative wording

ORA Or reverse argument

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

12. Subject-specific Marking Instructions

INTRODUCTION

Your first task as an Examiner is to become thoroughly familiar with the material on which the examination depends. This material includes:

• the specification, especially the assessment objectives

• the question paper

• the mark scheme.

You should ensure that you have copies of these materials.

You should ensure also that you are familiar with the administrative procedures related to the marking process. These are set out in the OCR
booklet Instructions for Examiners. If you are examining for the first time, please read carefully Appendix 5 Introduction to Script Marking:
Notes for New Examiners.

Please ask for help or guidance whenever you need it. Your first point of contact is your Team Leader.

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

The breakdown of Assessment Objectives for GCSE (9-1) in Chemistry B:

Assessment Objective

AO1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas and scientific techniques and procedures.

AO1.1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas.

AO1.2 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific techniques and procedures.

AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas and scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures.

AO2.1 Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas.

AO2.2 Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures.

AO3 Analyse information and ideas to interpret and evaluate, make judgements and draw conclusions and develop and improve
experimental procedures.
AO3.1 Analyse information and ideas to interpret and evaluate.

AO3.1a Analyse information and ideas to interpret.

AO3.1b Analyse information and ideas to evaluate.

AO3.2 Analyse information and ideas to make judgements and draw conclusions.

AO3.2a Analyse information and ideas to make judgements.

AO3.2b Analyse information and ideas to draw conclusions.

AO3.3 Analyse information and ideas to develop and improve experimental procedures.

AO3.3a Analyse information and ideas to develop experimental procedures.

AO3.3b Analyse information and ideas to improve experimental procedures.

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J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
1 (a) H2  2 2.1 DO NOT ALLOW h2
(g) 

(b) (i) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER 3

LINE
If answer = 0.4 (cm3/s), award three marks.
2.2 ALLOW 25 (cm3)
Volume after 1 minute = 24 (cm3)  ALLOW ECF on incorrect volume for MP2 and MP3

1 minute = 60 s  1.2

Rate = vol÷time / 24÷60 = 0.4 (cm3/s)  2.2 ALLOW 0.416666…./0.42 (from reading of 25)
ALLOW MP3 for volume÷time if time is left in minutes

IGNORE incorrect rounding (assessed elsewhere)

(ii) The gas/hydrogen given off has mass/weight / 1 3.2b ALLOW ‘it makes a gas’ ‘hydrogen is made’ alone
gas/hydrogen escapes from the flask 

(c) reaction is faster / rate increases  3 3.1b IGNORE ‘more gas is produced in the first minute’
IGNORE ‘catalysts speed up reactions’ alone

(define catalyst) catalysts are unchanged at the ALLOW ‘it’ for copper sulfate throughout.
end / are not used up 

(evidence) the colour change (from blue to IGNORE ‘blue colour changes to colourless’ alone (both
colourless) shows that copper sulfate is not a in the question)
catalyst/shows that copper sulfate is used up 
(d) The particles are moving faster  2 1.1

There are more frequent collisions 

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J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
2 (a) poor  2 1.1 ALLOW does not conduct
hard 
(b) 3 2.1 One mark for correct choice for each
Material Property
material

If two lines from a material, that material is

Softens easily when heated. incorrect.

Aluminium

Goes out of shape if dropped.

Poly(ethene)

Breaks if dropped.

Pottery

Rusts quickly.


(c) 1 2.2 ALLOW answer without brackets or n

Bonds at each side must be shown


(d) nucleotides  1 1.1

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
3 (a) Liquids are difficult to squash because the particles are 1 1.1 1st box
tightly packed. 

(b) In real life, the molecules of water and carbon dioxide 1 1.1 2nd box
attract each other 

(c) photosynthesis  2 1.1

carbon dioxide absorbed/decreased / oxygen

evolved/increased 

(d) (Ling is wrong:) 2 3.1b

CO2 levels are increasing (now/recently)  ALLOW CO2 was lower (approx.) 280 MYA
ALLOW idea of CO2 being released now from
human activity

(Ali is correct) ALLOW specific outcomes of climate change e.g

causes climate change/global warming/(enhanced) ice caps/flooding/extinction/direct impact on
greenhouse effect  ecosystems
ALLOW ‘affects’ climate change

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
4 (a) Exothermic  1 1.1

(b) 2 1.1


ALLOW hydrogen and oxygen and water
Labelling of lines 2H2+ O2 and 2H2O ✓ ALLOW missing state symbols

single upward arrow as shown labelled Ea  ALLOW double headed arrow or line with ‘marks’
at each end / solid line
DO NOT ALLOW downward arrow / dotted lines /
dotted arrows
Arrow must start and end at correct level (by eye)
ALLOW any unambiguous labelling for ‘Ea’
(c) The energy needed for a reaction to occur  1 1.1

(d) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 3 2.2

If answer for energy given out = 486 (cm3) award 3
marks

Broken = (2 x 436) + 498 = 1370  ALLOW 1370/1856 on either line

ALLOW correct number string for M1 or M2 if
answer is not calculated
Made = 4 x 464 = 1856 

Given out = 1370 –1856 = (-) 486 (kJ/mol)  ALLOW ECF for M3
IGNORE sign + or -

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
5 (a) It does not conduct electricity  1 1.1

(b) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 3

If answer = 51.5 (cm3) award 3 marks
ALLOW 127 as Ar of Iodine used throughout
RFM = 2 × 126.9 = 253.8  2.2 x 2

Volume = 253.8 ÷ 4.93 (ratios)

OR Number of moles = 4.93 ÷253.8 followed by 1÷ans 

Volume = 51.5 (cm3) to 1 dp  1.2 ALLOW ECF from incorrect RFM

ALLOW 2 marks for 25.7 (used 126.9 as RFM) /
25.8 (used 127 as RFM)
ALLOW any answer with working to 1dp for MP3

(c) (i) brown colour (of iodine) 1 1.1 ALLOW red-brown / orange-brown / yellow-brown
/ yellow
IGNORE black/grey (solid)
DO NOT ALLOW any other colour mentioned
(ii) iodine less reactive than chlorine (ORA)  1 1.1 ALLOW reactivity decreases down the group /
more reactive halogens displace less reactive
halogens
ALLOW AW for ‘further down the group’ e.g.
halogen with the higher atomic number
(d) 74  2 1.2
53 

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J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

(e) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 3 2.2 ALLOW (1) if no other marks awarded for showing
If formula = PI3 award 3 marks 31 and 1.26.9/127/254/253.8 in working

ALLOW 127 as Ar of Iodine used throughout

Number of moles of P = 7.5 ÷ 31 = 0.24 

ALLOW 0.075 ÷ 31 = 0.0024
Number of moles of I = 92.5 ÷ 126.9 = 0.73 
ALLOW 0.925 ÷ 126.9/127 = 0.0073
ratio = 1:3 so formula = PI3 

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
6 (a) To make useful short chain molecules  1 1.1 4th box

(b) 1 2.1 ALLOW any displayed formula for CH2BrCH2Br



(c) (i) Ring around C=C  2 1.2 DO NOT ALLOW other atoms within the ring.

Ring around O–H 

(ii) ethanoic acid  1 1.2

(iii) 1 1.2 ALLOW -OH



(d) The intermolecular forces in ethanol are stronger than 1 1.1

those in ethene 

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
7 (a) (i) Fe3+ + 3e– → Fe  1 1.2

(ii) gains electrons  1 1.1 IGNORE any numbers given

(b) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 3 ALLOW (2) for 70.0 / 70 % with no working
If answer = 69.9 (%), award 3 marks.

Mr(Fe2O3) = 55.8 × 2 + 16.0 × 3 = 159.6  2.2 x 2 ALLOW 56 used as Ar of Fe, leading to 70.0 / 70
% for a maximum of 2 marks
% = 55.8×2 or 111.6 ÷ 159.6 (x 100) = 69.92…/0.6992….
(any sf) 
1.2
% = 69.9 (3sf) 
ALLOW any answer with working to 3 sig figs for
MP3

(c) Paint OR grease/oil OR cover with another 2 2.2 IGNORE ‘coating’ alone
metal/galvanise 
Stops water AND oxygen/air reaching iron 

OR

Add a sacrificial metal/galvanise 

More reactive metal corrodes/reacts instead of the steel IGNORE more reactive metal ‘rusts’


OR
IGNORE ‘mix with another metal’
Alloy with another metal / make it into stainless steel 
Alloys have a greater resistance to corrosion 

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J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

(d) Advantages – Any one from: 2 3.2a

uses less energy (than making iron and steel from iron IGNORE ‘saves steel / uses less steel / less new
ore)  steel is made’
Conserves raw materials / less need to extract new ALLOW iron is finite
metals 
Reduces landfill / reduces waste  IGNORE requires energy to dispose of used
steel/requires energy for recycling
Disadvantages – Any one from:
There is plenty of iron ore left  IGNORE uses energy for any process at the
Uses energy for collecting/sorting/transporting scrap steel steelworks e.g. shaping etc.
(for recycling)  IGNORE recycled steel is poorer quality/weaker
Separating recycled metals is difficult 

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
8 (a) Mg / magnesium is above/higher in reactivity series / 1 2.2 DO NOT ALLOW just magnesium is more reactive
more reactive than iron/Fe 
‘It’ = magnesium
(b) Electrostatic attraction / forces between positive and 2 1.1
negative ions 

strong attraction between ions / strong (ionic) bonds / lots DO NOT ALLOW strong attraction/bonds/forces
of energy required to break the (ionic) bond / lots of between molecules / strong covalent bonds
energy to overcome the attraction (between ions) 

(c) 2 1.2 Mg2+:All electrons for Mg must be the same (dots

or crosses)
DO NOT ALLOW a mixture of dots and crosses
for Mg

S2–: Allow two different electrons in the outer shell

or all electrons the same

ALLOW all electrons the same on both diagrams

Mg2+ S2–

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
9 (a) carbon dioxide  1 1.1 ALLOW CO2

(b) (i) (experiment 2 is faster because) powder has larger 2 1.2 DO NOT ALLOW reaction is slower for MP1
surface area (ora)
IGNORE ‘more collisions’ alone
Higher frequency of (successful) collisions between IGNORE ‘more successful collisions’ alone
particles / higher rate of collisions / more collisions per
unit time (ora) 

(ii) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 2 2.2 ALLOW correct answer written in the table
If answer = 2.5 award 2 marks
ALLOW 2.5 in working for (1) if further working
Ratio is 10:4 or 10/4  leads to incorrect answer
Rate = 2.5 

(c) Experiment 3: number greater than 10  2 3.2a

Experiment 4: number smaller than 10 

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
10 (a) Read from the bottom of the meniscus/curve / take 1 1.2
readings at eye level / look perpendicular / ensure burette
is level 

(b) (Nina’s results) results all agree to ±0.1/±0.05 / all results 2 3.1a IGNORE confusion between which term is which
are similar / concordant / repeating gives similar results  ALLOW ‘if Nina repeated the titration, results
would be similar’
IGNORE ideas about ‘(small) differences i.e. Allow
‘the results are different but they are still close
together/similar’
(Another person idea) the same person obtained the
results / not checked by another person idea / nobody
else has done it 

(c) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 3 2.2

If answer = 0.084 (mol / dm3) award 3 marks ALLOW working for volumes converted into dm3
(÷1000) (they cancel out)
M1 Mol HCl (= mol NaOH) = 0.20 x 10.5 / 2.1 

M2 Conc NaOH = 0.20x10.5 ÷ 25 / 2.1÷25  ALLOW ECF on number of moles ÷ 25(x10-3) for
(1) mark only for MP2

M3 Conc NaOH = 0.084 (mol / dm3)  ALLOW ECF for MP3:

ALLOW 0.2÷25= 8(x10-3) (2 marks)
ALLOW 10.5 ÷ 25 = 0.42 (2 marks)

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J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

(d) Any two from: 2 3.3b ALLOW ‘sodium hydroxide’ for ‘drainclear’
throughout
Use more concentrated drainclear / do not dilute the
drainclear / dilute the drainclear less 

Use a larger volume of drainclear  ALLOW ‘use more drainclear’.

IGNORE ‘use more dilute drainclear / use more
diluted drainclear’

Use less concentrated acid (less concentrated than 0.2

mol/dm3) 

Given reason results in more acid needed/used up (for IGNORE ‘use more acid’. Answer must imply or
neutralisation) / more acid reacts with the drainclear  state that more acid is needed/reacts/used up
Last marking point is dependent

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
11 (a) (i) Negative / cathode  1 1.1

(ii) aluminium is a positive ion/cation / has a positive charge / 1 1.1 ALLOW aluminium ion is Al3+
opposite charges attract / needs to gain electrons  IGNORE aluminium (ion) is reduced

(b) (i) hydrogen is below sodium in the reactivity series / 1 1.1 IGNORE sodium is very/too reactive
hydrogen is less reactive than sodium (ora) 

(ii) 2H+ + 2e → H2 2 2.2 ALLOW halved/multiples

ALLOW max (1) if h used for H
H+ and electron(s) 
Number of electrons does not need to be correct
completely correct  for MP1

(c) Cell or powerpack shown to provide current  2 1.2 ALLOW answers on the diagram

two measuring cylinders (placed over electrodes)  3.3a IGNORE gas syringes
ALLOW test-tubes shown with graduations /
burettes

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 J258/03 Mark Scheme June 2022

AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
12 (a) Any two from: 2 1.1
ALLOW it has a sharp/definite melting/boiling point
it is pure because it is a single substance / it is a IGNORE ‘covalent’ or ‘molecule’ Look for idea of
compound  compound for MP1 and bonded for MP2. The type
of bonding is tested elsewhere on the paper.
it is (ionically) bonded/combined ✓

cannot be separated easily/by physical means ✓

(b) (i) copper sulfate + sodium hydroxide → copper hydroxide + 1 2.2

sodium sulfate 

(ii) Ba2+ + SO42–  → BaSO4  2 2.2 ALLOW (1) mark for BaSO4 as a product /
Ba2++SO42- as reactants;
ALLOW Ba2+SO42-
DO NOT ALLOW Ba2+SO4 / BaSO42-
(2) marks for fully correct equation

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