Sensors & Instrumentation

(EEAC008IU)

Dr. Huynh Tan Quoc

 Sensors and Instrumentation
 Course Instructors: Dr. Huynh Tan Quoc
 Class hours: Wednesday 08:00-10:35
 Grading Policy
 Homework Problems, Projects, Pop-Quiz (30%)
 Mid-term exam (30%)
 Final Exam (40%)

 Office hours: Tuesday 08:00-10:35, Room LA2.206

 Contact information: [email protected] ,
 (08) 372-44270 Ext.3231
 Lecture Notes and HW:
 BLACKBOARD
 Handouts
 Instrumentation & Sensors

Class Room Policy

No Talking

No Cell Phone during class

At 08:15, classroom will be closed

Quizzes will be given without notice

Attendance is required

Students missing 3 classes will not be allowed to take the

final exam
 Instrumentation & Sensors

 Textbooks and Other Required Materials:

- Textbook: Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition
(Two Volume Set): Spatial, Time, and Mechanical Measurement, John G. Webster,
CRC Press, 2013

 Course Objective: This course introduces students to the state-of-the-art

practice in electronic instrumentation systems, including

Basic understanding of sensor/transducer elements

Understanding the precision measurement techniques.

Students will be familiarized with techniques used in acquisition,

processing, and presentation of sensor signals: transducers, Fourier
analysis, flow measurement, amplifiers, and bridge circuits
 TOPICS

Introduction Sensors

 Sensors Characteristics.

Statistic and Hypothesis testing

Review of circuit theory, Operational amplifiers

Signal Processing

Data Acquisition and control

 Labs

 Button
 Try switch, reed switch
 ADC
 Build simple Voltage + resistance meter
 Thermal Sensor
 Read data from analog & digital sensor;
 Passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) +Buzzer active and passive
 Build Theft alarm system.
 IR transmitter and IR receiver.
 Build Remote control + count rotation of wheel
 Proximity sensor (Ultrasound + laser) & servo
 Build simple radar
 Heartbeat sensor(PPG)
 Digital + Analog sensor.
 Accelerometer sensor
 Step counter+ tilt angle measurement
 Sound Sensor
 Alarm system
 Required Devices
• Arduino board

• LCD 16x2 (+ Module I2C Arduino)

• Bread board + Wires

• Ultrasound HC-SR04 24k VND

• PIR HC-SR501 25k VND

• PPG&SPO2 sensor MAX30102 65K

• Accelerometer IMU MPU6050 (MMA84252Q) 24k

• Servo

• Module temperator and humidity sensor DHT11

• Temperator sensor LM35

• Buzzer (active)
 ARDUINO BOARD

USB
PWR IN
RESET

SCL\SDA
(I2C Bus)

SPI
POWER
5V / 3.3V / GND Digital I\O
PWM(3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)

Analog
INPUTS Transmitter/Receiver
Serial Connection
 Blackboard

• We will use Blackboard and email to communicate

• Course information and materials will be posted on Blackboard
• http://bb.hcmiu.edu.vn/

Account: Your ID
Password: ?
Instrumentation & Sensors
(EE580IU)

Introduction

Lecture 1
Dr. Huynh Tan Quoc
 Content

 Instruments

 What are Transducer, Actuator, Sensor

 Sensor Classification

 Characteristics of Sensors

 Example of sensors
Temperature Sensor
Motion Sensor
CO2 Gas Sensor
Proximity Sensor
Accelerometer Sensor
 Instruments

Definition: An instrument is a device that transforms a physical variable

of interest (the measurand ) into a form that is suitable for recording
(the Measurement ).[1]

Fundamental SI units

Simple instrument model.

1. John G. Wbster, “The Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors”, Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press published
in cooperation with IEEE Press.
 Need of Sensors in Daily Life

Sensors are omnipresent. They embedded in our

bodies, automobiles, airplanes, cellular
telephones, radios, chemical plants, industrial
plants and countless other applications.
 Temperature sensor in AC, cooker, microwave
 Smoke detector with Fire alarm
 Tire pressure Sensors
 Accelerometer in auto airbag system, wearable device
 What are Transducers, Sensors? Or Actuator?

 Transducer
A device which converts a signal from one physical form to another
physical form
 Physical form : Thermal, electric, mechanical, magnetic, chemical,
and optical,…

 Actuator
 Which converts an electric signal to physical output

 Sensor

Which converts a physical parameter to an electric output

 What are Sensors Transducers, Sensors? Or
Actuator?
 Example :
Microphone: converts sound to electrical signal.
 What are Sensors Transducers, Sensors? Or
Actuator?

 Example :
Microphone: converts sound to electrical signal.
Speaker: converts electrical signal to sound
 What are Sensors Transducers, Sensors? Or
Actuator?

 Example :
Microphone: converts sound to electrical signal
Speaker: converts electrical signal to sound
Strain gauge: converts strain to electrical
 What are Sensors Transducers, Sensors? Or
Actuator?

 Example :
Microphone: converts sound to electrical signal
Speaker: converts electrical signal to sound
Strain gauge: converts strain to electrical
Antenna: converts electromagnetic energy into electricity
and vice versa
 Sensor Classification

 Active
 Require external power called excitation signal

 Sensor modify excitation signal to provide output

 E.g laser, radar, accelerometer,

 Passive
 Doesn’t need any additional energy source

 Directly generate an electric signal in response to an external stimuli

 E.g. Thermocouple, photodiode, Piezoelectric sensor

 Characteristics of Sensors

 Interface:
 Analog (voltage or resistance) & Digital (I2C, SPI, UART)
 Accuracy:
 Thecapacity of a measuring instrument to give RESULTS close to the
TRUE VALUE of the measured quantity
 Range:
 Givethe highest and the lowest value of of the physical quantity that
sensor can measure.
 Beyond of this range, there is no sensing or no correct response.

 Resolution:
 Provides the smallest change in the input that a sensor is capable of
sensing
 Resolution is an importance specification towards selection of sensors
 Higher the resolution better precision.

 Response:
 Should be capable of responding to the changes in minimum time
 Temperature Sensor

 The Bi-metallic Thermostat

 Makes or breaks electrical connection with deflection
 Temperature Sensor

 Thermistor (Thermal + Resistor)

Example:
Thermistor has material constant 𝛽 =4500K
𝑅 85Ω at 𝑇 37 𝐶
Calculate 𝑅 at T= 25 𝐶
 Temperature Sensor

 Thermistor (Thermal + Resistor)

AC Thermometers Digital Thermistor Baby Thermometers

Oven Automobile Smartphone

 Motion Sensor

Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor:

 Using Pyroelectric Sensor measures infrared (IR) light
from heat body.
 Use to detect motion
 Commonly used in security alarms and automatic
lighting applications

PIR Sensor Circuit

 Motion Sensor

Automatic Light Sensor Alarm system

 CO2 Gas Sensor

 CO2 Gas Sensor

CO2 monitoring for Greenhouses Vehicle exhaust emissions

Air Quality Monitors in Home

 Proximity Sensors

Measure time-of flight

Ultrasonic sensor:
 Ultrasonic sensors are used for
position measurements
 Two ultrasonic transducer
(Transmitter + Receiver)
 Measure range using time-of flight
of sound (~340 m/sec)
 Resolution: 5 mm
 Range: up to 450cm
Distance = Speed x Time
Exam ple:
Speed ofsound :0.034 cm /µs
Received Tim e :500 µs
Distance = (0.034 cm /µs x 500 µs) /2
Distance = 8.5 cm
 Proximity Sensors

Measure time-of flight

Laser Range finder:
 Laser range finders measure time-of-
flight of light (300,000,000 m/sec )
 Resolution: High accuracy (1mm)
Laser Range finder
 Beam: 1 degree angular
 Range: Up to 200m-10km
(depend on power)

360-degree Laser Range Scanner (LIDAR) 3D LIDAR Map

 Proximity Sensors

CarParking Sensors

DetectLiquid Level

Self Driving Car

 Accelerometer Sensor


 Accelerometer Sensor

1g AccY=-1g
AccX=0g

AccY=0g
AccX=1g
Accelerometer Sensor
 Summary

 What are Transducer, Actuator, Sensor?

 Classification of Sensors: Active or Passive
 Characteristics of Sensors: Interface, accuracy,
range, resolution, response, …
 Example: temperature, motion, CO2 Gas Sensor,
proximity, accelerometer.

What’s next?
 Signal processing: Amplifier, filterer signal, data
acquisition.
 Practice: Using Arduino read data from analog sensor
(LM35) and digital sensor (ADXL345)