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Digital Electronics 3 Sadaf

The document outlines a project on the design and implementation of sequential circuits, specifically focusing on registers and counters in a digital counter game. It details the system's inputs, outputs, and the role of registers and counters in managing player levels and scores. The project emphasizes the importance of synchronization and the interaction of components to create a functional digital application.

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8 views

Digital Electronics 3 Sadaf

The document outlines a project on the design and implementation of sequential circuits, specifically focusing on registers and counters in a digital counter game. It details the system's inputs, outputs, and the role of registers and counters in managing player levels and scores. The project emphasizes the importance of synchronization and the interaction of components to create a functional digital application.

Uploaded by

sadafnoori057
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment Activity Unit 2

Sadaf Noori

School of Undergraduate studies, Uopeople University

Course name: CS 1105-01 Digital Electronics & Computer

Renuka Arya (Instructor)

February 20, 2025


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Design and Implementation of Sequential Circuits: Registers and Counters in Digital

Applications

In this activity, I will study sequential circuits by constructing a digital system that uses

registers and counters. Sequential circuits in digital electronics is very important because they

will give the systems the state memory and will enable the systems to operate on the current

input and on the previous inputs. This project also shows how these circuits are implemented in

real life in different real life applications.

Sceglie un scenario: Digital Counter Game

The selected scenario is a digital counter game with hardware programming that is an infinite

sequence of levels, and a player’s score is stored in a 4-bit binary counter. This program is about

the sequential circuits, registers and counter application in handling the inputs, the outputs and

the states changes. The main objective is to demonstrate how these components are controlled in

real-time, in order to achieve stability and correct behavior.

Step-by-Step Circuit Design Analysis

1. Inputs and Outputs

The system includes the following:

Inputs:

A button to increment the player’s level.

A clock signal for synchronization of operations.

Outputs:

Binary LED display for score.


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An LED that flashes when the player level up.

2. Employing Registers for State Management

Registers are used for tracking which level the player is currently on. These are done with D flip-

flops which stores binary data of the player's level. For instance, if the register starts with 0001

(Level 1), pressing the button changes it to 0010 (Level 2). This memory element instructs the

system to keep the current level until the next update.

3. Counters for Scoring

The player score is accumulated with a 4-bit binary counter. This counter, made up of T flip

flops, changes its state at the falling edge of clock pulse. For instance, if the score is 3 ( 0011 in

binary) the completion of a level will award you a score of 4 ( 0100 in binary). The counters do a

check while the scores have to be advancing due to the game’s tempo.

4. Synchronization and Timing

A clock signal co-ordinates the functioning of registers and counters. This is to prevent confusion

and to guarantee that all the parts of that system operate properly. Synchronizing the loading and

unloading of data prevents conflict, which allows states transitions in the game.

Application of Registers and Counters

Registers and counters are the foundation that this system is built upon:

Registers themselves set and change, in accordance with the input signals, the current level of the

register.
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Counters are score tools and adds to the count the result of the player’s performance.

Together they create a fairly decent feedback loop with input (player actions) yielding good

output in the form of score and level transition.

Project Overview

The project shows how the memory and count components (registers and counters) are combined

to form sequential systems. The registers contain information about the game and the counters

hold the record of the result of the player. More information that can be visualized, e.g. with the

aid of flashing LED’s, adds to the overall experience.

Component Interaction

Register: Remember and change the player’s level in the store.

Counters: Must be done, displaying and keeping updated the score on 4-bit binary format.

LED Indicators: The haptics also should give visual feedback for level changes.

Clock Signal: Coordinates all functions of the system.

This project demonstrates the sequential circuits use in the creation of practical digital circuits

and provides state, synchronous flow in digital circuits.


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Reference:

 Brown, S., & Vranesic, Z. (2009). Fundamentals of digital logic with Verilog design (2nd

ed.). McGraw-Hill.

 Mano, M. M., & Ciletti, M. D. (2014). Digital design (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

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