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Exercise(7) - Slab Waveguide Exercise

The document contains a series of questions related to slab waveguides and optical MEMS, focusing on calculations involving effective indices, mode numbers, numerical apertures, and propagation constants at various wavelengths. It addresses specific scenarios for different waveguide configurations and materials, requiring mathematical derivations and analysis. The questions cover both theoretical concepts and practical applications in integrated optics.

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saleh.mandour
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6 views

Exercise(7) - Slab Waveguide Exercise

The document contains a series of questions related to slab waveguides and optical MEMS, focusing on calculations involving effective indices, mode numbers, numerical apertures, and propagation constants at various wavelengths. It addresses specific scenarios for different waveguide configurations and materials, requiring mathematical derivations and analysis. The questions cover both theoretical concepts and practical applications in integrated optics.

Uploaded by

saleh.mandour
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ain Shams University Integrated optics and

Faculty of Engineering optical MEMS


Communication Systems
Engineering

Slab Waveguide

Question 1:
A waveguide is formed by a material of index n=3.5, a step index ∆n=0.1 and the guide
thickness is 2d = 1.2 microns. Calculate, at the wavelength of 1550 nm:
1- The effective index of the fundamental guided mode
2- The number of modes in the guide
3- The guide numerical aperture NA.

Question 2:
A step index single mode waveguide is designed to have a V number of 2.5 at the wavelength
of 1300 nm with a numerical aperture of 0.12 and a core index of 1.5. If the guide is now
operating at the wavelength of 650 nm, calculate:
a- The number of modes in the guide at 650 nm wavelength
b- The waveguide width d
c- The propagation constants of the highest order mode and the lowest order mode in the
guide at the wavelength λ= 650 nm.

Question 3:
Fig. 1 shows the refractive index distribution and the
field distribution Ey in a symmetric waveguide of n(x) n1
width W= 4 µm and a substrate index n2=1.5.
n2 n2
The field profile Ey of the TE fundamental mode
is found to be as shown in Fig. 1, at 1300 nm with
B=2A/3. Calculate: x
a- The mode attenuation constant outside the guide p Ey(x)
b- The mode propagation constant β A
c- The effective guide thickness 𝑊𝑒𝑓𝑓
d- The step in the refractive index n2-n1 B
e- The normalized frequency V at 1300 nm x=0 W x (µm)
f- The number of modes in the guide at 650 nm.
Fig.1
g- The guide numerical aperture NA.
Question 4:
Show that in a strongly guiding step index guide, the effective guide thickness 𝑊𝑒𝑓𝑓 , for the
fundamental TE mode, could be approximated by:

𝜆𝑜 1
2 2 −2
𝑤𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑊𝑜 + ( ) (𝑛𝑔 − 𝑛𝑠 )
П

Where 𝑛𝑔 is the guide index, W is its guide physical width, and 𝑛𝑠 is the substrate refractive
index. Calculate also the effective guide index if the guide is asymmetric with 𝑛𝑐 \𝑛𝑔 \𝑛𝑠 as
refractive index distribution.

1
Question 5:
A dielectric optical waveguide is formed by an index change of 0.01 in a material of substrate
index 1.5. Calculate the guide thickness such that its normalized frequency is V =3 at the
wavelength of 1300 nm. If the guide is excited by a fiber of mode diameter D = 6 µm with the
fiber axis aligned with the guide axe calculate the percentage of power coupled to the guide
fundamental mode. If the fiber axes is shifted by 1mm from the guide centre, what will be the
power coupled to the guide fundamental mode. Assume that the fiber mode is Gaussian and use
the exact solution for the guide mode.

Question 6:
A surface slab waveguide is fabricated on a glass substrate of refractive index n=1.5 by using
the technology of the ionic exchange. If the resultant index change is assumed to be a step index
of ∆n=5x10-3, calculate the maximum guide thickness to keep a single mode operation in the
guide at the wavelength λ=1300 nm.

Question 7:
Consider a symmetric planar guide with n1=1.5, n2=1.48, and a thickness d=3.912 µm.
Calculate: a- The number of guided modes at λ=1 µm.
b- The propagation constants and effective refractive indices of these modes.
c- Assume that at the guide input z=0, the electric field distribution is given by:
Ey(x)=1.375x104 cos (hox) + 1.309x104 sin (h1x)
-1 -1
with ho=0.5978 µm and h1=1.1649821 µm , find:
i- The power carried by each mode in the guide.
ii- The electric field distribution at z=0, 58.9 µm, and 117.88 µm.

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