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Electric_Potential_Class12

The document provides notes on electric potential, defining it as the work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to a point in an electric field, with relevant formulas. It discusses electric potential due to point charges and dipoles, along with properties of electric potential and its relation to electric field. Additionally, it includes numerical problems demonstrating the calculation of electric potential for given charges.

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2 views

Electric_Potential_Class12

The document provides notes on electric potential, defining it as the work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to a point in an electric field, with relevant formulas. It discusses electric potential due to point charges and dipoles, along with properties of electric potential and its relation to electric field. Additionally, it includes numerical problems demonstrating the calculation of electric potential for given charges.

Uploaded by

tanishyadav299
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Field - Class 12 Notes

Electric Potential

Definition:
Electric potential at a point is the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity
to that point in an electric field.

Formula:
V = W/q
where,
V = Electric potential (Volt),
W = Work done (Joule),
q = Charge (C).

Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge:


V = (1 / 4pi * epsilon_0) * (q / r)
where,
q = Charge,
r = Distance from charge,
epsilon_0 = Permittivity of free space.

Properties of Electric Potential:


1. It is a scalar quantity.
2. The potential due to a positive charge is positive, and due to a negative charge, it is negative.
3. The potential at infinity is taken as zero.
4. Electric potential is higher near a positive charge and lower near a negative charge.

Electric Potential Due to a Dipole:


At axial position: V = (1 / 4pi * epsilon_0) * (p cos(theta) / r^2)
At equatorial position: V = 0
where, p = dipole moment = q * d.
Electric Field - Class 12 Notes

Relation Between Electric Field and Potential:


E = -dV/dx
Electric field is the negative gradient of electric potential.
Electric Field - Class 12 Notes

Numerical Problems:

1. Find the electric potential at a point 10 cm away from a charge of 5 µC.


Solution:
Given, q = 5 × 10^-6 C, r = 0.1 m
Using formula: V = (1 / 4pi * epsilon_0) * (q / r)
V = (9 × 10^9) * (5 × 10^-6) / 0.1
V = 450,000 V or 450 kV

2. Two charges, 4 µC and -3 µC, are placed 20 cm apart. Find the potential at a point midway
between them.
Solution:
Using superposition principle, V_total = V1 + V2
V1 = (9 × 10^9) * (4 × 10^-6) / 0.1 = 360,000 V
V2 = (9 × 10^9) * (-3 × 10^-6) / 0.1 = -270,000 V
V_total = 360,000 - 270,000 = 90,000 V or 90 kV

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