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Professional
C# 4 and .neT 4

inTroduCTion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . li

⊲ ParT i:
ChaPTer 1: .NET Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ChaPTer 2: Core C# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
ChaPTer 3: Objects and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
ChaPTer 4: Inheritance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
ChaPTer 5: Generics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
ChaPTer 6: Arrays and Tuples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
ChaPTer 7: Operators and Casts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
ChaPTer 8: Delegates, Lambdas, and Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
ChaPTer 9: Strings and Regular Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
ChaPTer 10: Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
ChaPTer 11: Language Integrated Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
ChaPTer 12: Dynamic Language Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
ChaPTer 13: Memory Management and Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
ChaPTer 14: Reflection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
333
ChaPTer 15: Errors and Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
o
⊲ ParT ii: Visual sTudi
ChaPTer 16: Visual Studio 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
373
ChaPTer 17: Deployment . ................................................................................................................ . . . . . . 407
n
⊲ ParT 18:
ChaPTer iii: foundaTio
Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
ChaPTer 19: Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
ChaPTer 20: Threads, Tasks, and Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
ChaPTer 21: Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545

Continues
ChaPTer 22: Localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569
ChaPTer 23: System.Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605
ChaPTer 24: Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
ChaPTer 25: Windows Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
ChaPTer 26: Interop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .695
ChaPTer 27: Core XAML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
ChaPTer 28: Managed Extensibility Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747
ChaPTer 29: Manipulating Files and the Registry . ................................................................... . . . . . . 771

⊲ ParT iV: daTa

ChaPTer 30: Core ADO.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
ChaPTer 31: ADO.NET Entity Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861
ChaPTer 32: Data Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .885
ChaPTer 33: Manipulating XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903
ChaPTer 34: .NET Programming with SQL Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .955

⊲ ParT V: PresenTaTion
ChaPTer 35: Core WPF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
983
ChaPTer 36: Business Applications with WPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035
ChaPTer 37: Creating Documents with WPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
ChaPTer 38: Silverlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095
ChaPTer 39: Windows Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117
ChaPTer 40: Core ASP.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149
ChaPTer 41: ASP.NET Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185
ChaPTer 42: ASP.NET Dynamic Data and MVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243

⊲ ParT Vi: CommuniCaTion

ChaPTer 43: Windows Communication Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279
ChaPTer 44: Windows Workflow Foundation 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1309
ChaPTer 45: Peer-to-Peer Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1339
ChaPTer 46: Message Queuing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357
ChaPTer 47: Syndication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387
aPPendiX: Guidelines for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397
indeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1417

⊲ online ChaPTers
ChaPTer 48: Graphics with GDI+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OC1
ChaPTer 49: Visual Studio Tools for Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OC49
ChaPTer 50: Managed Add-In Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OC77
ChaPTer 51: Enterprise Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OC97
ChaPTer 52: Directory Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OC123
ChaPTer 53: C#, Visual Basic, C++/CLI, and F# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OC157
ChaPTer 54: .NET Remoting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OC191
ChaPTer 55: Web Services with ASP.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OC233
ChaPTer 56: LINQ to SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OC255
ChaPTer 57: Windows Workflow Foundation 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OC279
 Professional

C# 4 and .neT 4

Christian Nagel
Bill Evjen
Jay Glynn
Karli Watson
Morgan Skinner
Professional C# 4 and .neT 4
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 To my two girls, Angela and Stephanie

The first half of the year 2009 was the hardest time in
my life — a trip through hell and back. I cannot thank
Angela enough for all her love and support she gave to
me. Without her I couldn’t have made it through that.
Stephanie was born shortly after medical treatment
and was the biggest motivation during that time.

I love you both!

—Christian Nagel

To Tuija, always.

—Bill Evjen

For donna

—Karli Watson

Dedicated to my parents, Joan & Donald Skinner.

There are many things that I’d like to say to my Mum

and Dad, but I’m in the privileged position of not
needing to say anything to them. They were both
wonderful people, are greatly missed, and the world
was made a sweeter place by their being in it. Thanks
Mum, thanks Dad, you were brilliant.

—Morgan Skinner
abouT The auThors

ChrisTian nagel is a Microsoft Regional Director and Microsoft MVP, an

associate of thinktecture, and owner of CN innovation. He is a software architect
and developer who offers training and consulting on how to develop Microsoft
.NET solutions. He looks back on more than 25 years of software development
experience. Christian started his computing career with PDP 11 and VAX/
VMS systems, covering a variety of languages and platforms. Since 2000, when
.NET was just a technology preview, he has been working with various .NET
technologies to build numerous .NET solutions. With his profound knowledge
of Microsoft technologies, he has written numerous .NET books, and is certified
as a Microsoft Certified Trainer and Professional Developer. Christian speaks at
international conferences such as TechEd and Tech Days, and started INETA Europe to support .NET user
groups. You can contact Christian via his web sites, www.cninnovation.com and www.thinktecture.com,
and follow his tweets on www.twitter.com/christiannagel.

bill eVjen is an active proponent of .NET technologies and community-based

learning initiatives for .NET. He has been actively involved with .NET since the
first bits were released in 2000. In the same year, Bill founded the St. Louis .NET
User Group (www.stlnet.org), one of the world’s first such groups. Bill is also the
founder and former executive director of the International .NET Association
(www.ineta.org), which represents more than 500,000 members worldwide.
Based in St. Louis, Missouri, Bill is an acclaimed author and speaker on ASP.NET
and Web Services. He has authored or coauthored more than 20 books including
Professional ASP.NET 4, Professional VB 2008, ASP.NET Professional Secrets,
XML Web Services for ASP.NET, and Web Services Enhancements: Understanding the WSE for Enterprise
Applications (all published by Wiley). In addition to writing, Bill is a speaker at numerous conferences,
including DevConnections, VSLive, and TechEd. Along with these activities, Bill works closely with
Microsoft as a Microsoft Regional Director and an MVP.
Bill is the Global Head of Platform Architecture for Thomson Reuters, Lipper, the international news
and financial services company (www.thomsonreuters.com). He graduated from Western Washington
University in Bellingham, Washington, with a Russian language degree. When he isn’t tinkering on the
computer, he can usually be found at his summer house in Toivakka, Finland. You can reach Bill on Twitter
at @billevjen.

jay glynn is the Principle Architect at PureSafety, a leading provider of results-

driven software and information solutions for workforce safety and health. Jay has
been developing software for over 25 years and has worked with a variety of
languages and technologies including PICK Basic, C, C++, Visual Basic, C# and
Java. Jay currently lives in Franklin, Tennessee with his wife and son.
 Karli WaTson is consultant at Infusion Development (www.infusion.com), a
technology architect at Boost.net (www.boost.net), and a freelance IT specialist,
author, and developer. For the most part, he immerses himself in .NET (in particular
C# and lately WPF) and has written numerous books in the field. He specializes in
communicating complex ideas in a way that is accessible to anyone with a passion
to learn, and spends much of his time playing with new technology to find new
things to teach people about.
During those (seemingly few) times where he isn’t doing the above, Karli will
probably be wishing he was hurtling down a mountain on a snowboard. Or possibly
trying to get his novel published. Either way, you’ll know him by his brightly colored clothes. You can also
find him tweeting online at www.twitter.com/karlequin, and maybe one day he’ll get round to making
himself a web site.

morgan sKinner began his computing career at a young age on the Sinclair
ZX80 at school, where he was underwhelmed by some code a teacher had written
and so began programming in assembly language. Since then he’s used all sorts of
languages and platforms, including VAX Macro Assembler, Pascal, Modula2,
Smalltalk, X86 assembly language, PowerBuilder, C/C++, VB, and currently C#
(of course). He’s been programming in .NET since the PDC release in 2000, and
liked it so much he joined Microsoft in 2001. He now works in premier support
for developers and spends most of his time assisting customers with C#. You can
reach Morgan at www.morganskinner.com.

abouT The TeChniCal ediTors

aleXei gorKoV is the chief software engineer at EPAM Systems (www.epam.com), a leading software
development outsourcing company in Central and Eastern Europe. He has worked with .NET since 2004
and as a front-end developer involved in development of web portals and line-of-business web applications
using Microsoft technologies. Over the past four years, he has edited more than a dozen programming
books from Wiley Publishing on ASP.NET, Ajax, JavaScript, CSS and XML. He lives in Saratov, Russia.

miTChel sellers is the CEO of IowaComputerGurus Inc. His extensive experience in software
development has lead to a focus on proper architecture, performance, stability, and overall cost effectiveness
of delivered solutions. He is the author of Professional DotNetNuke Module Programming and many
technical articles, and is currently working on his next book, Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4 Six-in-One,
scheduled for publication by Wiley in early 2010. He is a regular speaker at user groups and conferences.
Mitchel is a Microsoft C# MVP and a Microsoft Certified Professional, an active participant in the
.NET and DotNetNuke development communities, and a DotNetNuke Core Team member. For more
information, see his resume at MitchelSellers.com.
CrediTs

aCquisiTions ediTor ProduCTion manager

Paul Reese Tim Tate

ProjeCT ediTor ViCe PresidenT and eXeCuTiVe

Sara Shlaer grouP Publisher
Richard Swadley
deVeloPmenT ediTor
Susan Cohen ViCe PresidenT and eXeCuTiVe
Publisher
TeChniCal ediTors Barry Pruett
Alexei Gorkov
Mitchel Sellers assoCiaTe Publisher
Jim Minatel
ProduCTion ediTor
Kathleen Wisor ProjeCT CoordinaTor, CoVer
Lynsey Stanford
CoPy ediTors
Tricia Liebig Proofreader
Foxxe Editorial Services Word One New York

ediTorial direCTor indeXer

Robyn B. Siesky Robert Swanson

ediTorial manager CoVer designer

Mary Beth Wakefield Michael E. Trent

marKeTing manager CoVer image

David Mayhew © Punchstock/Corbis
aCKnoWledgmenTs

ThanKs To all aT Wiley for your patience when I started working later on the book than I had expected
and planned. Special thanks to Sara Shlaer who was of great support with the time pressure and the change
of the Wrox style. Similar to the authors, she worked many weekends to get the book out on time.
Many thanks!

—Christian Nagel

ThanKs To sara shlaer, Paul Reese, and Jim Minatel for the opportunity to work on such a great book,
and to the technical editors, Alexei Gorkov and Mitchel Sellers, for their excellent work. In addition to my
co-authors, I would like to thank my family for putting up with all the writing. Thank you Tuija, Sofia,
Henri, and Kalle!

—Bill Evjen

i Would liKe To ThanK Sara Shlaer, Paul Reese, and the rest of the team at Wrox for all the help they
provided. I would also like to thank my wife and son for putting up with the nights and weekends lost to the
computer. They are my inspiration.

—Jay Glynn

ThanKs To all aT Wiley for their support and assistance on this project, as well as their understanding
and flexibility in dealing with an author who never seems to have enough time to write. Special thanks to
Sara Shlaer — one of the best and friendliest editors I’ve had the pleasure to work with. Also, thanks
to friends, family, and work colleagues for understanding why I haven’t had time for much socializing lately,
and to donna, as always, for all her support and for putting up with all the late nights.

—Karli Watson
ConTenTs

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III
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 ROSS LONDON
No. J O 6096.
Ross Stereo Prism Binoculars.
Brilliant Definition over an unusually large field.
With Simultaneous Focussing Adjustment.
Dia. of
Magnification. Price.
Object Glass.
×8 24 m/m. £7 10 0
× 10 24 m/m. £8 10 0
Focussing by Eye-pieces.
Dia. of
Magnification. Price. Monoculars.
Object Glass.
×6 30 m/m. £7 10 0 £3 10 0
×8 24 m/m. £6 10 0 £3 0 0
× 10 24 m/m. £7 10 0 £3 10 0
× 12 30 m/m. £9 0 0 £4 5 0
 PRISMATIC BINOCULARS.
Prismatic Binoculars are made in
two forms, one is focussed by
adjustable Eye-pieces only which
has a divided scale, and the other
has a wheel focussing movement,
which is the most convenient form
of adjustment; the latter is a much
simpler way, and can be
manipulated by ladies with the
greatest of ease. The Eye-pieces in
both Models can also be adjusted
for differences of vision. With the
index set at 0, persons with normal
vision can distinguish distant
objects sharply without strain.

No. J O 6103.

Sportsman Prism.
× 8 Magnification.
Splendid Race and Aviator’s
Binocular, in Solid Leather Sling
Case, 57/6.
 No. J O 6097.
Voigtländer Prism Binoculars.
Giving enhanced stereoscopic effect. Invaluable
for Sporting, Racing, Touring, Military and Naval
purposes.
Binoculars.
Dia.
With Without
of Monocular
Magnification. Wheel Wheel
Object Form.
Motion. Motion.
Glass.
25
×6 m/m. £6 10 £6 0 £2 15
30
×6 m/m. £8 0 £7 10 £3 10
25
×8 m/m. £7 0 £6 10 £3 0
30
×8 m/m. £9 0 £8 10 £4 0
30
× 12 m/m. £9 15 £9 5 £4 5
 CARL ZEISS, JENA
No. J O 6098.
Zeiss Prism Binoculars.
These Glasses give a very large flat field of view.
Binoculars.
Without Wheel Motion.
Width of
Approx.
Scene at Code
Magnification. £ s. d. Weight.
1000 yds. Word.
Oz.
Yds.
×6 6 0 0 14½ 120 Telex
×8 6 10 0 20 115 Telact
× 6 Stalking 7 10 0 22¾ 150 Silvamar
× 12 9 5 0 23 58 Telefort
With Wheel Motion.
× 6 Ladies’ 6 00 7 123 Teletur
×6 6 15 0 17 120 Telexem
×8 7 5 0 22¼ 115 Telactem
× 6 Stalking 8 5 0 25½ 150 Silvarem
Monoculars.
×6 ... ... price £2 15 0
×8 ... ... ,, £3 0 0
× 12 ... ... ,, £4 5 0
 No. J O 6099.
Goerz “Neo-Trieder” Binocular.
× 6 ... price £6 10 0
× 8 ... ,, £7 0 0
× 12 ... ,, £9 10 0
Goerz Monoculars.
× 6 ... price 55/0
× 8 ... ,, 60/0
× 12 ... ,, 80/0

No. J O 6101.
“Popular” Prism.
Well-made glass, giving excellent
definition and enhanced
stereoscopic effect.
Fitted with wheel focussing motion.
Magnification 8 times.
£4 10 0
 GOERZ 6×
No. J O 6100.
Goerz “Pagor” Binocular.
This Binocular is extremely
portable.
× 6, weight 10 oz. ... £6 10 0
× 8, weight 10¾ oz. ... £7 0 0
× 10, weight 11 oz. ... £8 8 0

No. J O 6102.
The “Universal.”
Good Quality Prismatic Binocular,
giving large field with good
definition. Magnification 8 times,
£5 5 0.
The above Prices include Solid Leather Sling
Case.
[93]
 ZEISS NEW HIGH POWER
BINOCULARS.

No. J O 6104.
Linear Teleduz £10 10 0
Magnification Telextin 10 10 0

VOIGTLÄNDER NIGHT BINOCULAR.

No. J O 6107.
Specially recommended for Night Marine
use, this glass has exceptional luminosity.
£3 15 0
 No. J O 6106.
Binocular Telescopes, 16 lens,
with rapid action focussing
arrangements, in best sling case.
The most powerful form of glass
made, £4 10 0 £5 0 0.
Do. Aluminium 5 10 0 600
VOIGTLÄNDER BRILLIANT PRISM.

No. J O 6105.
Exceptional illumination. This Binocular is
fitted with object glasses 42 m/m in
diameter and is constructed to give the
greatest amount of luminosity possible. ×
6, £10 10 0

VOIGTLÄNDER NEW
LIGHT MODEL STEREO PRISM.

No. J O 6108.
With large Object Glasses. Beautiful
definition. Wheel focussing, in Solid
Leather Case complete.
× 6, £6 15 0 × 8, £7 15 0
BUSCH STEREO-ULTRALUX PRISM.

No. J O 6110.
Giving enhanced stereoscopic effect with good
definition and large field.
× 6, £6 0 0 × 8, £6 10 0
 RANGE-FINDERS.
Mark I.

No. J O 6109.
The “Simplex” Range Finder is extremely portable,
measuring only 2¼ in. × 1 in. × 1 in.
The manipulation is easily acquired. Instructions are sent
with each instrument, Mark I, 21/0 Mark II, 27/6

Mark II.

No. J O 6111. (Actual Size.)

[94]

TELESCOPES.
No. J O 6112. Boy Scout Telescope
and Compass, a three-draw
instrument, magnifying ten times,
and being fitted with a compass is
very suitable for scouting
purposes. Complete in brown
leather case, with loop for belt, 8/6

No. J O 6113.
Diameter of Object Glass, 1 in., 1⅛ in., and 1¼ in.
3 draw ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6/0, 7/6,
10/6
Telescope, with Sun or Spray Shade, and Astronomical Eye-piece.
Diameter of Object Glass, 11/16 in., 1¼ in., 1⅜ in., and 1⅝ in.
3 draw ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12/6, 18/0, 21/0,
25/0
 No. J O 6114.
With leather caps and strap, oxidized draw-tubes, covered
Morocco or Pigskin ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 25/0
Army Signalling Telescope, of light construction; very compact
and strong; as supplied to the War Office, with Caps and
Sling. Object glass 1⅝ in., length when open 30 in., closed
10 in. ... 31/6

No. J O 6115.
The Club Telescope.
Superior Telescope, 3 in. object glass, rackwork
adjustment, pancratic tube magnifying 50, 60, 70
times, leather caps and sling, mounted on stout
tripod stand ... ... ... ... ... ... £12 10 0
 VOIGTLÄNDER’S DEER-STALKING TELESCOPES
For Tourists, Sportsmen, Military Purposes, etc., etc.

No. J O 6116.
With 3 draws, German Silver. Bodies covered with Morocco, all
other parts bronzed dull black.
Magnification Aperture of Length.
Brass. Aluminium.
in Diameters. Object Glass. Closed. In use.
mm. ins. ins. ins. No. £ s. d. No. £ s. d.
14 28 1¼ 8 17 9 3 13 0 15 8 4 0
18 35 1⅜ 8 21 10 4 10 0 16 10 16 0
23 42 1⅝ 10 28 11 5 8 0 17 14 15 0
26 46 1¾ 11 31 12 6 13 0 18 16 16 0
26 54 2⅛ 11 31 13 9 15 0
26 59 2⅜ 31 14 10 16 0
 No. J O 6117.
Cadet Model.
Brass, morocco or brown leather covered £1 16 0
German Silver ditto 2 20
By Voigtländer 2 10 0
“Officer of the Watch.”
Admiralty Pattern Telescope, magnifying 15
diameters, German Silver Mounts, Brown leather
covered, with leather cap £2 8 0
Ditto, ditto, by Voigtländer 2 15 0
 No. J O 6118.
The Perfect Pocket Telescope.
Very Powerful, magnifying 9
times, in Soft Case, 12/6
Ditto Aluminium, 21/0

ASTRONOMICAL
TELESCOPE.

No. J O 6119. Superior

Astronomical Telescope, fitted with
best objectives, with substantial
brass fittings, improved star finder,
dew cap, 2 astro eye pieces
magnifying 100 and 150
Diameters, and 1 terrestrial eye
piece 45 Diameters, strong
mahogany tripod with mechanical
mountings.
3 in. obj. ... ... £14 0 0
3½ in. ,, ... ... 20 0 0
4 in. ,, ... ... 30 0 0
5 in. ,, ... ... 45 0 0

SECONDHAND
ASTRONOMICAL
TELESCOPES.
Special Price List
on Application.
 No. J O 6120.
ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE.
Astronomical Telescope, 3 in. object glass, in polished brass case, day and
night eye pieces, in polished pine case, £5 0 0
Astronomical Telescope with 3 in. object glass, vertical steady rod rack and
finder on folding tripod stand, complete in pine case with lock and key; will
show the crescent form of Venus, will divide the principal double stars and
show Saturn’s rings, £10 0 0
Extra Astronomical eye pieces for ditto, from 15/0
Mahogany tripod stand for above, extra, £11 5 0
[95]

thermometers.
Customers will please note that as the range of Thermometers varies they may
not be as represented in illustration unless specially ordered. These goods are
sent only at Customers’ own risk.

Boxwood Thermometers, 8 in., polished scale, Spirit Tube ... 0/9

,, ,, ,, ,, Mercury Tube ... 1/0 and 2/6
,, ,, ,, best quality, large enamelled Mercury Tube (No. J
O 6123) ... 4/0
No. J O 6121. No. J O 6122. No. J O 6123. No. J O 6124.

No. J O 6126.
Nickel Mounted
Opal Glass Scale
No. J O 6125. Pedestal
Thermometer, 4/6
Sick Room Open Range Thermometer, with black spirit
tube, as No. J O 6122 ... 1/0
8-in. boxwood Hygienic Thermometer, with large open
range, enamelled black spirit tube, legible figures, and
very sensitive, showing the slightest variation in
temperature ... 2/0
Porcelain Scale Thermometer, as No. J O 6125 ... 2/6
Bath Thermometer, plain tube ... 1/0
 ,, ,, enamelled tube, as No. J O 6124 ... 1/6
,, ,, porcelain scale, cream or black case ... 2/6
,, ,, ,, ,, copper case ... 3/6
,, ,, metal ,, ,, 10 in., best
quality ... 4/9
Sixe’s Self-registering Day and Night Thermometer, 8-in.
boxwood scale, with magnet for re-setting indices, as No.
J O 6121, 3/6; 10 in. scale ... 5/6
Ditto, polished zinc scale, 8 in. 6/0; 10 in. ... 9/0
Ditto, opal glass scale, 8 in. 7/6; 10 in. ... 9/6
Ditto, opal glass, broad scale, lens front tubes, as No. J O
6132 (see below) ... 11/0 and 14/0
Self-registering Day and Night Thermometer, opal glass
scale, with several Mounts, on Oak Board for use outside
window, as No. J O 6133 ... 17/6, 19/0, 22/0
 No. J O 6127.
HYGROMETERS.
Mason’s wet and dry bulb,
plain boxwood, 6/6; in tin
case, 8/0; Porcelain scale,
in Japanned case, with
tubes graduated on the
surface, 12/6
 No. J O 6128.

No. J O 6129.

No. J O 6130.
Self-registering Minimum Thermometer, boxwood scale, ... 0/10 and 1/3
Best quality ditto, 8 in., as No. J O 6128 ... 1/9
,, ,, 10 in., as No. J O 6128 ... 2/9
Metal Minimum Thermometer, 8 in. incorrodible metal
scale, as No. J O 6129 ... 2/0
Self-registering Day and Night Thermometer, boxwood 8 in. 5/6;
scale, as No. J O 6130 ... 10 in. 7/6
8 in. 9/0;
Ditto, opal glass scale ... 10 in. 13/6
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