14 8.

7. a) , a 2 0, b 2 0
3b2 Definition: Characteristics:
2 equation is of form y = ax2 + bx + c graph is a parabola
b) , x 2 23, 2, 4 or equivalent function has two, one, or no zeros
(x 2 2) (x 1 3) second differences are constant

6t 2 49 Quadratic
c) , t 2 22, 9 Function
(t 1 2) (t 2 9) Examples: Non-examples:
2 y = x2 y = ⫺4(x + 3)2 ⫺ 5
2x 2 18x 3 2 3 y = 5 ⫺ 4x
d) ,x22 ,2 ,
(3x 1 2) (2x 1 3) (2x 2 3) 2 3 2 y=2 x⫺5
8. yes (as long as there are no restrictions that were factored out)
9. yes

Lesson 3.1, pp. 145–147

Chapter 3 1. a) linear, first differences are constant
b) quadratic, second differences are constant
Getting Started, p. 138 c) linear, first differences are constant
d) quadratic, second differences are constant
1. a) 0 c) 0 e) 23k2 1 4k 2 1 2. a) opens up b) opens down c) opens down d) opens up
b) 221 d) 21 f ) 23k2 2 4k 2 1 3. a) zeros x 5 2 or 26 b) opens down c) x 5 22
2. a) f (x) 5 x 2 1 2x 2 15 c) f (x) 5 23x 2 2 12x 2 9 4. a) vertex (22, 3) b) x 5 22
2
b) f (x) 5 2x 1 12x d) f (x) 5 x 2 2 2x 1 1 c) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 3}
3. a) vertex (23, 24), x 5 23, domain 5 {x [ R}, 5. a) y c) f(x) = 2(x ⫺ 4)(x + 2)
range 5 { y [ R | y # 24} y
b) vertex (5, 1), x 5 5, domain 5 {x [ R}, 4
20
range 5 {y [ R | y $ 1} 2
4. a) vertex (0, 4), x 5 0, opens up x 10
x
b) vertex (4, 1), x 5 4, opens up ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2
c) vertex (27, 23), x 5 27, opens down ⫺2 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
d) vertex (1.5, 36.75), x 5 1.5, opens down 2 ⫺10
⫺4 f(x) = x ⫺ 3
5. a) x 5 3 or 8 c) x 5 21 or 1.67 ⫺20
b) x 5 0.55 or 5.45 d) x 5 0.5 or 3
6. a) (23, 0), (3, 0) c) (1.33, 0), (2, 0) opens up, vertex (0, 23),
x50 opens up, vertex (1, 218),
b) (21.83, 0), (9.83, 0) d) (0, 0), (3, 0)
x51
7. a) y c) f(x) = ⫺(x ⫺ 2)(x + 8)
b) y d)
8
y x f(x) = ⫺ 21 x2 + 4
20 ⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 y
6 ⫺5
15 4
4 f(x) = x2 + 3 ⫺10
10 2
2 x
5 ⫺15
x
x ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 ⫺20 ⫺2
⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8
⫺4
b) d) f(x) = ⫺(x + 3)2 ⫺ 4
y f(x) = ⫺(x + 2)2 + 3
y opens down, vertex (23, 24),
4
x 5 23 opens down, vertex (0, 4),
2 4 x50
x 2 6. a) f (x) 5 23x 2 1 6x 1 3, (0, 3)
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 x b) f (x) 5 4x 2 1 16x 2 84, (0, 284)
⫺2 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 7. a) opens down
⫺4 ⫺2 b) vertex (21, 8)
f(x) = 2x2 ⫺ 4
⫺4 c) (23, 0), (1, 0)
d) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 {y [ R | y # 8}
e) negative; parabola opens down
f) f (x) 5 22(x 1 1)2 1 8 or f (x) 5 22(x 1 3)(x 2 1)
8. a) opens up
b) vertex (1, 23)
c) x51
d) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 23}
e) positive; parabola opens up

Answers NEL
638
 9. a) x 5 0 c) x 5 12 e) x 5 21.5 8. a) 70 m b) 2 s c) 50 m
5 9. $562 500
b) x 5 27 d) x 5 22 f) x 5 2
16 10. Minimum value is 2, therefore 3x 2 2 6x 1 5 cannot be less than 1.
10. a) 11. a) $5 450 000
x 22 21 0 1 2 b) Maximum profit occurs when $40 000 is spent on advertising.
f(x) 3 4 3 0 25 c) $22 971
12. Is possible, because maximum rectangular area occurs when rectangle
b) First differences: 1, 21, 23, 25; Second differences: 22; 250
parabola opens down is 125 m by p m.
c) f (x) 5 2(x 1 1)2 1 4 13. Possible response: Function is in standard form, so to find the
11. a) minimum, we must find the vertex. Completing the square would
h
80 result in fractions that are more difficult to calculate than whole
h(t) = ⫺4t2 + 32t
numbers. Since this function will factor, putting the function in
60
factored form and averaging the zeros to find the x-intercept
40 of the vertex would be possible; however, there would still be
20 fractions to work with. Using the graphing calculator to graph
t the function, then using CALC to find the minimum, would
0 be the easiest method for this function.
2 4 6 8 v
14. t 5 0 seconds
9.8
b) 8 s; height starts at 0 m and is 0 m again after 8 s. 15. $9
c) h(3) 5 60 m
d) 64 m Lesson 3.3, pp. 160–162
12. y 5 30
13. Similarities: both are quadratic; both have axis of symmetry x 5 1. 1. a) y b) y
Differences: f (x) opens up, g(x) opens down; f (x) has vertex 30 4 f(x)
(1, 22), g(x) has vertex (1, 2)
2
14. 20 x
x 22 21 0 1 2 3 f(x)
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
f(x) 19 9 3 1 3 9 10 ⫺2 f ⫺1(x)
First Differences 210 26 22 2 6 f ⫺1(x)
x ⫺4
Second Differences 4 4 4 4 0 10 20 30
2. a) y b) y
15. $56 250 6 f(x) 4
1 1805 f(x)
16. y52 (x 1 7.5) 2 1 4 2
110 88
x
2
x ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
Lesson 3.2, pp. 153–154 ⫺2
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
1. a) and c); (a) is negative. ⫺2 ⫺4 f ⫺1(x)
f ⫺1(x)

Answers
2. a) vertex (25, 22), minimum value 22 ⫺4 ⫺6
b) vertex (4, 8), maximum value 8

Å
3. a) maximum: 6 c) maximum: 8
b) minimum: 0 d) minimum: 27 x11
3. f 21 (x) 5 6
4. a) complete the square; minimum: 25 2
4. a) 21 c) 0 or 2

d) 1 6 "2a
b) factor or complete the square; minimum: 24

Å
c) factor or complete the square; minimum: 218 72x
d) factor or complete the square; maximum: 27 b) 1 6
2
e) use partial factoring; minimum: 2 5. a), b) y
f ) use vertex form; maximum: 25 f(x)
5. a) i) R(x) 5 2x 2 1 5x ii) maximum revenue: $6250 4
b) i) R(x) 5 24x 2 1 12x ii) maximum revenue: $9000 f ⫺1(x) 2
c) i) R(x) 5 20.6x 2 1 15x ii) maximum revenue: $93 750 x
d) i) R(x) 5 21.2x 2 1 4.8x ii) maximum revenue: $4800 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
6. a) minimum: 22.08 b) maximum: 1.6 ⫺2
7. a) i) P(x) 5 2x 2 1 12x 2 28 ii) x 5 6 ⫺4
b) i) P(x) 5 22x 2 1 18x 2 45 ii) x 5 4.5
c) i) P(x) 5 23x 2 1 18x 2 18 ii) x 5 3
d) i) P(x) 5 22x 2 1 22x 2 17 ii) x 5 5.5

NEL Answers 639

 6. a), b) y b) h
50
4
40
f ⫺1(x) 2

Height (m)
x 30
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 20
⫺2
f(x) 10
⫺4 t
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (s)
c) domain 5 {x [ R | x # 0}; range 5 {y [ R | y $ 0}

(x) 5 21 1 !2x 2 3
d) g21 (x) 5 (2x)2 or g21 (x) 5 x 2, x # 0 c) t
12
21
7. f
10
f ⫺1(x) y
x

Time (s)
8
⫺8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0
⫺2 6

⫺4 f(x) 4

⫺6 2
h
⫺8 0
10 20 30 40 50
Height (m)

(x) 5 5 2 "2x 2 6, x # 3, x # 23
d) The inverse is not a function. It does not pass the vertical-line test.
21
8. f 12. a) (0.75, 0.125)
b) c)
2
y y = 0.125 ⫺ x + 0.75
2
x y
⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3
⫺2
2
⫺4
1
⫺6 x
⫺8 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
9. a) domain 5 {x [ R | 22 , x , 3}; ⫺1
range 5 { y [ R | 23 # y , 24} f(x) = ⫺2x2 ⫹ 3x ⫺ 1

Å 3
x13
b) f 21 (x) 5 1 1 , 23 # x # 24 d) domain 5 {x [ R | x # 0.125}; range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0.75}
2
10. a) h(t) 5 25(t 2 1) 1 40 e) The y-values were restricted to ensure f 21 (x) is a function.
13. a) i) f (x) 5 2(x 2 4)2 1 1
b) domain 5 {t [ R | 0 # t # 3.83};
ii) y
range 5 {h [ R | 0 # h # 40}

Å 5
7.5

c) t 5 µ
40 2 h
12 , 35 , h # 40
5

Å 5
40 2 h , 2.5
11 0 # h # 35 x
d) domain 5 {h [ R | 0 # h # 40}; –10 –7.5 –5 –2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
range 5 {t [ R | 0 # t # 3.83} –2.5
11. a)
iii) Domain of f should be restricted to {x [ R | x $ 4} or
Time (s) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
{x [ R | x # 4}
Height (m) 0 12.375 22.5 30.375 36.0 39.375 iv) f 21
is y 5 6"2x 2 1 1 4

Time (s) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

Height (m) 40.5 39.375 36.0 30.375 22.5 12.375 0

Answers NEL
640
 b) i) f (x) 5 (x 2 1)2 2 3 d) $4.02/kg e) $3.97/kg. Profit would be about $2289.
ii) y 17. a) y
3 6
2 4
x = 4 ⫺ 4y + y2
1 2
x x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 0 2 4 6 8
–1 ⫺2
–2
b) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 0}; range 5 {y [ R}
–3 c) y 5 (x 2 2)2
d) Yes, the inverse is a function. Its graph will be a parabola, so it will
iii) Domain of f should be restricted to {x [ R | x # 1} or pass the vertical-line test.
{x [ R | x $ 1}
iv) f 21 is y 5 6"x 1 3 1 1 Lesson 3.4, pp. 167–168
c) i) f (x) 5 (x 1 3)2 2 2 where x # 23

a) "35 b) "66
ii) 1. a) 3"3 b) 5"2 c) 7"2 d) 4"2
y
2. c) 10"6 d) 232"39
2.5
x 3. a) 7"5 b) 5"7 c) 2"3 1 19"2 d) 2"2
0 4. a) 6"3 c) 20"10 e) 2"5
–7.5 –5 –2.5 2.5 5 7.5

a) 2"3 2 "15 c) 32
–2.5 b) 225"5 d) 2"15 f ) 218"3
5. e) 36"2
–5
b) 2"14 1 6"6 d) 224"3 f ) 2140
–7.5 6. a) 22"2 c) 29"2 e) 2"13
b) 2"3 1 8"2 d) 15"2 f ) 16"3 2 4"7
iii) No restrictions necessary. 7. a) 18 1 12"10 2 3"5 2 10"2

d) i) f (x) 5 3 1 "2 2 x
iv) f 21 (x) 5 6"x 1 2 2 3 b) 31 1 12"3
c) 23
ii) y d) 27 2 2"6
3 e) 83 2 12"35
f ) 4 1 3"6 2 8"3 2 13"2
2 8. 4"2 cm
1 9. 15"2 cm
x 10. 3"10 cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 11. 6"2

("a 1 "b) 2
–1 12. Perimeter 5 8"2 1 4"5, Area 5 12
13.
–2
14. Possible response: 2"50, 5"8, 10"2; The last one is in simplest radical
–3

Answers
form because the number under the radical sign cannot be simplified

c) 3n3"n
any further.

b) x 2y 3"x d) 2p 1 2q 2 "pq
iii) No restrictions necessary. 15. a) a"a
iv) f 21 is y 5 2(x 2 3)2 1 2 where x $ 3
14. The original function must be restricted so that only one branch of 16. 2"2
the quadratic function is admissible. For example, if f (x) 5 x 2 had its 17. x 5 16
domain restricted to x $ 0, the inverse of f (x) would be a function.
15. a) Possible response: Switch x and y and solve resulting quadratic
equation for y, either by completing the square or by using the
Mid-Chapter Review, p. 170
quadratic formula. 1. a) second differences 5 24; quadratic
b) No, because the original function assigns some y-values to two b) second differences 5 2; quadratic
x-values, so the inverse assigns two y-values to some x-values. 2. a) y b) f(x) = 2(x + 4)(x ⫺ 6)
16. a) P(x) 5 (x 2 3.21)(14 700 2 3040x) y
8

Å
2
f(x) = ⫺3(x ⫺ 2) + 5 x
2x 1 2008
b) P 21 (x) 5 4.02 6 . This equation will take the 4 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8
3040 x ⫺20
total profit and determine the price per kilogram. 0 1 2 3 4

Å
⫺40
21900 1 2008 ⫺4
c) P 21 (1900) 5 4.02 6 ⫺60
3040 ⫺8
5 4.21 or 3.83 ⫺80
If the meat manager charges either $4.21/kg or $3.83/kg, she will
make a profit of $1900.

NEL Answers 641

 3. a) vertex (2, 5), x 5 2, domain 5 {x [ R}, 9. 15 m by 22 m
range 5 { y [ R | y # 5} 10. 219, 218 or 18, 19
b) vertex (1, 250), x 5 1, domain 5 {x [ R}, 11. base 5 8 cm, height 5 24 cm
range 5 { y [ R | y $ 250} 12. 2.1 m
4. a) f (x) 5 23x 2 1 12x 2 7 13. a) after 1.68 s and again at 17.09 s
b) f (x) 5 2x 2 2 4x 2 48 b) The rocket will be above 150 m for 17.09 2 1.68 5 15.41 s.
5. a) Minimum value of 27 c) Maximum value of 12.5 14. $2.75
b) Minimum value of 250 d) Minimum value of 224.578 125 15. Factoring the function and finding the zeros; substituting the values
6. Maximum profit is $9000 when 2000 items are sold. of a, b, and c into the quadratic formula; graphing the function on a
7. 2000 items/h graphing calculator and using CALC to find the zeros

a) f 21 (x) 5 2 6 "x 1 1
8. 64 16. 10 cm, 24 cm, 26 cm
9. 2
17. x 5 0 or 2
b) domain of f (x) 5 {x [ R}, range of f (x) 5 { y [ R | y $ 21}; 3
domain of f 21 (x) 5 {x [ R | x $ 21},
range of f 21 (x) 5 { y [ R} Lesson 3.6, pp. 185–186
c) f(x) = x2 ⫺ 4x + 3
y y 1. a) vertex (0, 25), up, 2 zeros d) vertex (22, 0), up, 1 zero
12 6 b) vertex(0, 7), down, 2 zeros e) vertex (23, 25), down, no zeros
c) vertex (0, 3), up, no zeros f ) vertex (4, 22), up, 2 zeros
8 4 y = f -1 (x)
2. a) 2 zeros b) 2 zeros c) 2 zeros d) 1 zero
4 2 3. a) 2 zeros b) no zeros c) 1 zero d) 1 zero
x x 4. a) 2 zeros b) 2 zeros c) 2 zeros d) no zeros
0 2 4 6 8 0 5 10 15 20 5. a) 2 break-even points c) 1 break-even point
⫺4 ⫺2 b) Cannot break even d) Cannot break even
4
6. k5
3

Å 22.8
R 2 15 7. k , 22 or k . 2
10. x 5 10 1
4 4 4
11. Usually, the original function assigns some y-values to two x-values, 8. k. ,k5 ,k,
3 3 3
so the inverse assigns two y-values to some x-values. 9. k 5 24 or 8
12. a) { x [ R | x 5 23} { y [ R | y # 0} 10. No, resulting quadratic has no solutions.
b) f 21(x) 5 x 2 2 3, x $ 0} 11. Answers may vary. For example,

216 "3
13. a) 4"3 c) 6"5 e) 35"2 a) y 5 22(x 1 1)(x 1 2)
b) 2"17 d) 215"3 f) b) y 5 2x 2 1 1
14. a) 7"2 c) 25"3 e) 14 1 3"3 c) y 5 22(x 2 2)2
b) 30"3 d) 9"7 2 19"2 f) 70 1 55"2 12. A: break-even x 5 4.8
B: break-even x 5 0.93
C: break-even x 5 2.2
Lesson 3.5, pp. 177–178 Buy Machine B. It has the earliest break-even point.
3 1 13. a) no effect d) change from 1 to 2 zeros
1. a) x 5 21 or 2 4 b) x 5 2 or 9 c) x 5 6 d) x 5 2 or 4
2 2 b) no effect e) change from 1 to no zeros
2. a) x 5 5.61 or 21.61 c) no real roots c) no effect f ) change from 1 to 2 zeros
b) x 5 1.33 or 22 d) x 5 21.57 or 5.97 14. 10.5
3. a) x 5 21 or 20.25 b) x 5 1 or 4.5 15. f (x) 5 2(x 2 3)(3x 1 1) 1 4 is a vertical translation of 4 units up
4. a) i) Solve by factoring, function factors ii) x 5 0 or 10

23 6 "5
of the function g(x) 5 2(x 23)(3x 1 1). Function g(x) opens down
b) i) Quadratic formula, function does not factor and has 2 zeros. Translating this function 4 units up will have no
ii) x 5 effect on the number of zeros, so f (x) has 2 zeros.

ii) x 5 2 2 6 "7
4 16. a) If the vertex is above the x-axis, the function will have 2 zeros if it
c) i) Quadratic formula, function does not factor
opens down and no zeros if it opens up. If the vertex is below the

ii) x 5 2 4 6 "7
x-axis, there will be 2 zeros if the function opens up and no zeros if
d) i) Quadratic formula, function does not factor
it opens down. If the vertex is on the x-axis, there is only 1 zero.
b) If the linear factors are equal or multiples of each other, there is 1
e) i) Solve by factoring, function factors
zero; otherwise, there are 2 zeros.
ii) x 5 21 or 10

ii) x 5 2 6 "19
c) If possible, factor and determine the number of zeros as in part
f ) i) Quadratic formula, function does not factor
(b). If not, use the value of b2 2 4ac. If b2 2 4ac . 0, there are 2

b) (1, 0), a , 0b
zeros, if b2 2 4ac 5 0, 1 zero, and if b2 2 4ac , 0, no zeros.
21 17. (x 2 2 1)k 5 (x 2 1)2
5. a) (2.59, 0), (20.26, 0)
4 kx 2 2 k 5 x 2 2 x 2 x 1 1
6. a) 14 000 b) 4000 or 5000 c) 836 or 10 164 d) 901 or 11 099 kx 2 2 k 5 x 2 2 2x 1 1
7. 1.32 s 0 5 x 2 2 kx 2 2 2x 1 1 1 k
8. a) 50 000 b) 290 000 c) 2017 0 5 x 2(1 2 k) 2 2x 1 (1 1 k)

Answers NEL
642
 The equation will have one solution when the discriminant is equal to 12. a), b) h
zero. 6
b 2 2 4ac 5 0 5
(22)2 2 4(1 2 k)(1 1 k) 5 0

Height (m)
4
4 2 4(1 2 k 2) 5 0
4 2 4 1 4k 2 5 0 3
4k 2 5 0
2
k2 5 0
k50 1
t
Therefore, the function will have one solution when k 5 0.
18. Function has 2 zeros for all values of k. 0 1 2 3
Time (s)
c) h(t) 5 25t 2 1 10t
Lesson 3.7, pp. 192–193 13. a) y
1. Same zeros, 3 and 24 500
2. Same vertex, (2, 24); stretched vertically by different factors, opening

Yield (kg/ha)
400
in different directions
300
3. (0, 27) (the y-intercept)
7 1 200
4. a) f (x) 5 2 (x 1 4)(x 2 3) c) f (x) 5 (x 2 2 7)
6 6
100
6 x
b) f (x) 5 2 x(x 2 8) d) f (x) 5 24(x 2 2 2x 2 1)
33 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
13 2 Amount of water (ha.m)
5. a) f (x) 5 2 (x 1 2)2 1 5 c) f (x) 5 (x 2 4)2 2 5
36 25 b) approximately (1.35, 442)
8 c) possible function (using (0.60, 198) and vertex):
b) f (x) 5 213(x 2 1)2 1 6 d) f (x) 5 (x 2 4)2
49 f (x) 5 343(x 2 1.35)2 1 442
6. f (x) 5 5.5x 2 2 6x 2 7 14. f (x) 5 23(x 1 3)(x 1 1) or f (x) 5 23x 2 2 12x 2 9
7. a)– c) h(x) = 3(x ⫺ 2)(x + 6) 15. Sample response:
y Definition: Characteristics:
40 A group of parabolas with Family may share zeros, a
a common characteristic vertex, or a y-intercept
20 f(x) = (x ⫺ 2)(x + 6)
x
⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8
⫺20 Families of
Examples: Parabolas Non-examples:
⫺40
f(x) = x2 f(x) = 2(x ⫺ 3)2 + 1
g(x) = ⫺2x2 g(x) = 2(x + 1)2 ⫺ 3
g(x) = ⫺2(x ⫺ 2)(x + 6)
h(x) = 5x2
6 p(x) = 3x2 ⫺ x + 5
8. f (x) 5 2 (x 2 4)(x 1 4)

Answers
7 q(x) = ⫺4x2 + 3x + 5
5
9. f (x) 5 (x 2 2 4x 1 1)
33 16. 15.36 m
3 1
10. f (x) 5 2 x(x 2 12) Yes, because at a height of 5 m the bridge is 17. f (x) 5 2 (x 1 3)(x 2 1)(x 2 5)
16 4
6.11 m wide.
11. a), b) h
Lesson 3.8, pp. 198–199
60
1. a) (3, 9) (22, 4) b) (0, 3) (20.25, 2.875) c) no solutions
50 2. a) (4, 3) (6, 25) b) (2, 7) (20.5, 20.5) c) no solutions
Height (m)

40 3. one solution
4. a) (1.5, 8) (27, 243)
30 b) (1.91, 8.91) (21.57, 5.43)
20 c) no solutions
d) (20.16, 3.2) (21.59, 23.95)
10
t 5. 3 and 5 or 21 and 1
0 6. $3.00
3 4 1 2 5 6
Time (s)
c) h(t) 5 25(t 2 3)2 1 56

NEL Answers 643

 7. a) f(x) = (x ⫺ 2)2 ⫺ 3 Two points of intersection:
y y
16
16
12
12 y = ⫺4x + 5
8
8
4
4 x
x
⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
y = ⫺4x ⫺ 6 y = ⫺4x + 1
16. y 5 0.5x 2 1
b) y 5 24x 2 6, y 5 24x 1 1, y 5 24x 1 5
c) y-intercepts are all less than 1
8. k 5 25 Chapter Review, pp. 202–203
73
9. k. 1. a) down, vertex (2, 5), x 5 2
12
b) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 5}
10. 7.20 s
c) y
11. 10, 22
12. Yes, 0.18 s after kick at (0.18, 4.0) 8
f(x) = ⫺3(x ⫺ 2)2 + 5
13. Plot graphs of functions and count points of intersection;
4
calculate b2 2 4ac, since there are two points of intersection when x
b2 2 4ac . 0, one when b2 2 4ac 5 0, and none when b2 2 4ac , 0 0 1 2 3 4
14 ⫺4
14. (0, 22), (4, 2 )
3
⫺8
15. Zero points of intersection:
y 2. a) up, zeros 2 and 26
10
b) vertex (22, 264)
8
c) domain 5 {x [ R}; range 5 { y [ R | y $ 264 }
6 d) f(x) = 4(x ⫺ 2)(x + 6)
4 y
x x

⫺8 ⫺4 0 4 8 ⫺6 ⫺4 ⫺2 0 2
⫺20
⫺40
One point of intersection:
⫺60
y
6 ⫺80

4
3. x 5 21
2 4. a) Maximum value of 7 at x 5 4
x
b) Minimum value of 236 at x 5 23
⫺2 0 2 4 6 5. 42 m after about 2.9 s
⫺2
6. g(x) and h(x) are the two branches of the inverse of f (x) 5 x 2.
7. The inverse of a quadratic function is not a function, because it has
y two y-values for every x-value. It can be a function only if the domain
4 of the original function has been restricted to a single branch of the
parabola.
2 8. a)
x y
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4 6
+ 4⫺x
⫺2 4 y = 2- 2
⫺4 2
x
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
⫺2

b) Domain 5 {x [ R | x # 4}; Range 5 { y [ R}

c) The inverse relation is not a function; it does not pass the vertical-
line test.

644 Answers NEL

 9. a) 7"2 c) 24"4 Cumulative Review Chapters 1–3, pp. 206–209
b) 220"2 d) 37 2 12"7
1. (c) 7. (d) 13. (d) 19. (d) 25. (b) 31. (b)
10. 2"66
2. (b) 8. (b) 14. (b) 20. (d) 26. (c) 32. (c)

a , 0b , (23, 0)
11. (9 13"5) cm
5 3. (b) 9. (a) 15. (a) 21. (c) 27. (d)
12. 4. (a) 10. (b) 16. (c) 22. (d) 28. (a)
2
13. a) 52 428 b) 1990 5. (b) 11. (c) 17. (d) 23. (b) 29. (b)
14. 55.28 m by 144.72 m 6. (c) 12. (a) 18. (a) 24. (c) 30. (d)
15. Yes, because 14t 2 5t 2 5 9 has b2 2 4ac 5 16 . 0, so there are two 33. a) Domain: {x [ R}, Range: {y [ R | y $ 2}; Parent function:
roots. Because parabola opens down and is above t-axis for small y 5 x 2; Transformations: Vertical stretch by a factor of 3,
positive t, at least one of these roots is positive. horizontal translation 4 right, vertical translation 2 up; Graph:
16. x , 20.5 or x . 3.5
17. 4408 bikes
5 20 5
18. f (x) 5 2 x 2 1 x 2
3 3 3
19. The family of parabolas will all have vertex (23, 24);
f (x) 5 10(x 1 3)2 2 4
7
20. a) f (x) 5 2 x 2 1 15 b) 8.8 m
9
21. (25, 19), (1.5, 20.5)

function: y 5 ! x ; Transformations: Vertical stretch by a factor of

22. Yes, after 4 s. Height is 15 m. b) Domain: {x [ R | x $ 22}, Range: {y [ R | y # 5}; Parent
23. a) No, they will not intersect. The discriminant of f (x) 2 g(x) is
247. There are no real solutions for f (x) 2 g(x), meaning that 2, reflection in the x-axis, horizontal compression by a factor of
f (x) and g(x) do not intersect. 1
, horizontal translation 2 left, vertical translation 5 up; Graph:
b) Answers will vary. Use g(x) 5 3x 2 5. 3

Chapter Self-Test, p. 204

1. a) f (x) 5 25(x 2 1)2, vertex (1, 0)
b) zero at x 5 1, axis of symmetry x 5 1, opens down
c) domain 5 {x [ R}; range 5 { y [ R | y # 0}
d) y
x
⫺4 ⫺2 0 2 4
⫺20 c) Domain: {x [ R | x 2 6}, Range: {y [ R | y 2 22}; Parent
1
⫺40 function: y 5 x ; Transformations: Horizontal stretch by a factor of
3, horizontal translation 6 to the right, vertical translation 2
⫺60
down; Graph:
⫺80

f(x) = ⫺5x2 + 10x ⫺ 5

Answers
2. a) Maximum value; complete the square.
b) Minimum value; average the zeros.
3. a) Vertex form; vertex is visible in equation.
b) Standard form; y-intercept is visible in equation.
c) Factored form; zeros are visible in equation.
d) Vertex form; use x-coordinate of vertex.
e) Vertex form.; use vertex and direction of opening. 34. Jill: 3.6 km/h, 8 h 20 min; Sacha: 5 km/h; 6 h 20 min (including
4. 360 000 m2 time to stop and talk with friend)

Å
x13 35. a) 8 students b) about $700
21
5. f 516
2
6. a) 2 24"2

c) "8 can be simplified to 2"2. This resulted in like radicals that

b) 15 23"10 1 5"5 2 5"2 Chapter 4
could be combined. Getting Started, p. 212
7. k 5 22 or 2 1
1. a) 49 c) e) 10 000
8. Intersects in 2 places, since 2x 2 2 3x 1 2 5 6x 2 5 has 5
b2 2 4ac . 0; (1, 1), (3.5, 16) 1
b) 32 d) 1 f)
9. f (x) 5 2x 2 1 8x 2 13 8

NEL Answers 645