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cells and organelles GUIDED READING

The document provides an overview of cell structure and organelles, detailing the functions and characteristics of various components such as the cell membrane, nucleus, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. It includes labeling instructions and questions to reinforce understanding of cell biology concepts. Additionally, it distinguishes between plant and animal cells, highlighting unique features like the cell wall and centrioles.

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Noemi Alfar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

cells and organelles GUIDED READING

The document provides an overview of cell structure and organelles, detailing the functions and characteristics of various components such as the cell membrane, nucleus, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. It includes labeling instructions and questions to reinforce understanding of cell biology concepts. Additionally, it distinguishes between plant and animal cells, highlighting unique features like the cell wall and centrioles.

Uploaded by

Noemi Alfar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name___________________ Block_________ Date__________ #_____

Cells and Their Organelles


The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of plant and animal cell
terms. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, also known as the plasma
membrane. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass
into the cell and blocking others. It is composed of a double layer of phospholipids and
embedded proteins. Color and label the cell membrane tan. Plant cells have an
additional layer surrounding them called the cell wall. The cell wall is made of nonliving
material called cellulose. Color and label the cell wall brown. The centrioles (also
called the "microtubule organizing center") are two small bodies located near the
nucleus. The centrioles are where microtubules are made. During cell division
(mitosis), the centrioles divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the
dividing cell. Only animal cells have centrioles. Color and label the centrioles purple.
The cytoskeleton is composed of both microfilaments that are thin supportive fibers
inside the cell and microtubules that are shaped like soda straws. The cytoskeleton
helps to provide transport lines like railroad tracks inside the cell as well as act as an
internal skeleton to give the nucleus and cell its shape. Label the microtubules inside
the nucleus.
1. At what level of organization does life begin?
2. What surrounds all cells?
3. What is meant by semipermeable?

4. What 2 things make up the cell membrane?


5. The cell membrane is also called the
_P_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ membrane.
6. Centrioles are found inside of what type of cell?
7. What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells and bacteria?

8. The cytoskeleton is composed of what two types of structures and what two
functions do they provide for the cell?

The nucleus in the center of a cell is a spherical body containing the nucleolus
that makes ribosomes. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by
controlling protein synthesis). The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA. DNA is ‘relaxed into
thin threadlike strands called chromatin during most of the cell’s life. When the cell is
ready to divide, the chromatin coils and condenses into thicker bodies called
chromosomes that are visible in the microscope. Chromatin cannot be seen in the
nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. Color and label the
nucleolus dark blue, the nuclear membrane yellow, and the nucleus light blue. Materials
can move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores in the membrane
around the nucleus. Label the nuclear pores. Cytoplasm is the jellylike material
outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located. Color and label the

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cytoplasm pink. All cells, even prokaryotes contain small bodies called ribosomes.
Label the ribosomes. Proteins are made here by a process called protein synthesis.
9. Where is DNA found inside a cell?
10. What cell process is controlled by the nucleus?
11. DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible
_C_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.
12. Where are organelles located?
13. Where are proteins made in a cell?
14. Do all cells need ribosomes?
15. The process of making proteins is called ________________ ___________________.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is a vast system of interconnected,
membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm.
The ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. Rough ER is covered with
ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Color and label the rough ER violet. Rough
ER transports materials through the cell and modifies proteins made on the ribosomes to
be sent to the Golgi or inserted into the cell membrane. The Golgi apparatus or Golgi
complex is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes.
The Golgi body modifies, packages, and ships proteins and carbohydrates into
membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell, similar to the UPS or Fed-Ex.
Color and label the Golgi export vesicles red. Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes
on its surface. It makes lipids that will become membranes. It also controls the Calcium
level in muscles and detoxifies poisons, alcohol, and drugs. Color and label the smooth
ER light green.
16. How does rough ER differ from smooth ER?

17. Rough ER is connected to the _____________ membrane and to __________ER.

18. Proteins made by rough ER travel to the Golgi in sacks called _____________. Golgi
____________, __________and ___________ proteins for export out of the cell.

19. Give 3 jobs for smooth ER.


a.
b.
c.

Chloroplasts are elongated or disc-shaped organelles containing chlorophyll


that trap sunlight for energy. Photosynthesis (in which energy from sunlight is
converted into chemical energy - food) takes place in the chloroplasts. Only plant cells,
not animal cells, can make their own food. Color and label the chloroplasts dark green.
Cells also contain fluid-filled sacs called vacuoles. The vacuole fills with food being
digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell. In plant cells, a large
central vacuole takes up most of the space in the cell. The central vacuole is a large
water store inside plant cells. Color and label the vacuoles purple. Mitochondria are
spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is
infolded many times, forming a series of projections called cristae. The mitochondrion

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converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell.
Color and label the mitochondria orange. Both plant and animal cells have double
membranes and their own DNA. Animal cells also contain spherical organelles called
lysosomes that contain digestive enzymes. Nutrients are digested by the cell here,
as well as, old cell organelles that are going to be recycled. Color and label the
lysosomes tan.

20. What process takes place inside chloroplasts?


21. What is the energy for this process?
22. What pigment traps the energy?
23. Chloroplasts are found in what type of cell(s)?
24. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are like in that they both have
_________________ membranes and their own _______.

25. Food, water, and wastes are stored inside ______________.

26. Conversion of food energy (glucose) to cellular energy,________ ,takes place inside
_____________ . What types of cells contain these?

27. The largest organelle in plants is the ____________ _____________.

28. What organelle breaks down and recycles worn out cells? What types of cells
contain these?

Figure 1 - Animal Cell

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Figure 2 – Plant Cell

Complete the following table:

Organelle Plant/Animal/ Function


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Both
Cell membrane

Cell wall

Cytoplasm

Vacuole

Ribosome

Golgi

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Central Vacuole

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Nuclear
membrane
Centrioles

Lysosomes

Cytoskeleton

Nuclear pores

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