1. What is the cone of a volcano primarily made b.

Conduit
of? c. Ash cloud
a. Ice and sediment d. Magma chamber
b. Lava and pyroclastic material 13. What feature connects the magma chamber to
c. Water and ash the surface?
d. Solidified magma a. Crater
2. What determines whether a volcanic cone is b. Sill
steep or flat? c. Conduit
a. Wind speed d. Caldera
b. Type of magma 14. Sills differ from dikes in that they are:
c. Presence of a caldera a. Vertical sheets of magma
d. Depth of the magma chamber b. Parallel to the host rock layers
3. What is the purpose of a volcanic vent? c. Found only in craters
a. To trap gases d. Made of solidified ash
b. To serve as a reservoir for magma 15. What is the throat of a volcano?
c. To release molten rock, gas, and ash a. The summit of the volcano
d. To connect volcanoes b. The uppermost part of the conduit near the vent
4. Which feature is a subsurface reservoir of c. The base of the volcanic cone
molten rock? d. A secondary magma chamber
a. Crater 16. Which of the following is true of a volcanic
b. Vent flank?
c. Magma chamber a. It is the opening at the summit of the volcano
d. Caldera b. It is the side or slope of the volcano
5. A bowl-shaped depression at the summit of a c. It connects the crater to the conduit
volcano is called a: d. It is the site of the magma chamber
a. Cone 17. What defines the summit of a volcano?
b. Crater a. It is where the magma chamber is located
c. Lava pool b. It is the highest point, often containing a crater or
d. Flank caldera
6. How does a caldera form? c. It is the primary source of pyroclastic flow
a. Through the accumulation of ash d. It is the result of magma intrusions
b. By the cooling of lava on the surface 18. How are dikes formed?
c. When the magma chamber collapses a. By magma solidifying in vertical fractures
d. By pyroclastic flow erosion b. By ash clouds settling into layers
7. What is lava? c. By lava flowing over the surface
a. Solidified magma inside the volcano d. By horizontal magma intrusions
b. Magma that has reached the surface 19. Which term describes a mixture of volcanic
c. A mixture of ash and gases gases, ash, and hot fragments flowing rapidly
d. A conduit for magma down a volcano?
8. Which of the following describes a pyroclastic a. Lahar
flow? b. Tephra fall
a. A slow-moving mudflow of volcanic debris c. Pyroclastic flow
b. A fast-moving mixture of hot gases, ash, and d. Ash cloud
volcanic fragments 20. What natural hazard is triggered by rainfall on
c. Lava flowing down the slopes of a volcano volcanic deposits?
d. Solidified volcanic material ejected during an a. Pyroclastic flow
eruption b. Ash cloud formation
9. Tephra fall includes which volcanic material? c. Lahar
a. Water, ice, and sediment d. Tephra deposition
b. Magma, conduits, and flanks 21. What is the main driving force behind the
c. Ash, lapilli, and volcanic bombs formation of volcanoes?
d. Rocks, soil, and water A. Ocean currents
10. What is a lahar? B. Tectonic plate movements
a. A volcanic ash cloud C. Atmospheric pressure
b. A fast-moving lava flow D. Wind erosion
c. A mudflow caused by volcanic eruptions 22. Which layer of the Earth provides the molten
d. A large volcanic explosion rock that forms volcanoes?
11. What are volcanic bombs? A. Crust
a. Small fragments of ash B. Mantle
b. Large molten rock fragments that solidify mid- C. Outer core
air D. Inner core
c. Vertical columns of gas 23. What is the name of the molten rock that erupts
d. Horizontal magma intrusions from a volcano?
12. A large plume of volcanic ash in the atmosphere A. Magma
is known as: B. Basalt
a. Lava cloud
 C. Lava
D. Granite
24. Which stage describes a volcano that is actively
erupting or has erupted recently?
A. Dormant
B. Active
C. Extinct
D. Eroded
25. What term describes a volcano that has not
erupted for a long time but might erupt again in
the future?
A. Dormant
B. Active
C. Extinct
D. Volcanic caldera
26. A volcano is classified as extinct when:
A. It erupts violently.
B. It has a caldera formation.
C. There is no possibility of future eruptions.
D. It erupts frequently.

27. Which type of volcano is characterized by

broad, gently sloping sides and is formed by lava
flows?
A. Shield volcano
B. Composite volcano
C. Cinder cone
D. Lava dome
28. Composite volcanoes, also known as
stratovolcanoes, are primarily formed by:
A. Layers of lava and ash
B. Explosive lava fountains
C. Basaltic lava flows
D. Accumulated volcanic gases
29. What is the smallest type of volcano, typically
formed by fragments of rock and ash around a
vent?
A. Composite volcano
B. Shield volcano
C. Cinder cone
D. Lava dome
30. What determines the type of eruption a volcano
will have?
A. The height of the volcano
B. The composition of the magma
C. The weather conditions
D. The age of the volcano