ENGLISH LANGUAGE & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Direct andl Inlet speweh So al\ye aN Reported! speech <= varration There ave two ways of telling or narrating anything, ii Speech 2. Indireet Spee 1, Direct speech veet Speech", we give the exact words of the original speaker without any change, 2 gp pln Ghee saty Sa wall BEA Lol GLI 4 Direct Speech eg eo “Lam going to Karac! They said, “We will speak Knglish.” Th avo parts of direct speech. i Clause: - It shows the noun or pronoun of the original speaker, of gS sl § Pronoun y Noun ye guy ja gl 2 It shows the exact words of the original speaker. / gst Bll gal le BUS tol gal eg She said tome, “Lcan cook well.” enorting tau" Reparted pee They said, "We willwwin the game.” Reporting eta Repurted apcech “We will speak nalish,” said the boys. Reported speeth ‘eportny cause 2. Indirect Speech In “Indirect Speech”, we give the mee 19 Of the origi al speaker's words. Oa Yoee yr Ohl ge ESWY al gL 4 In eg She said that she was happy. ct Speech He told me that he was going to Karachi. They said that they would speak English.v4 Table of Direct and Indi : Direct Speech ‘Simple Present Tense He said, “I go to school.” Spee: ENGLISH LANGUAGE & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE ‘ation. ch / Reported Speech / Narr‘ Indirect Speech Simple Past Tense ‘He said (that) he went to school. Present Continuous Tense He said, “lam waiting for her.” ‘Present Perfect Tense She said, “I have found a pen.” Past Continuous Tense He said (that) he was waiting for her. Past Perfect Tense She said (that) she had found a pen. Present Perfect Continuous Tense He said, “Ihave been waiting for an hour.” Past Perfect Continuous Tense He said (that) he had been waiting for an hour. Simple Past Tense He said, ‘I wrote a letter.” Past Perfect Tense ‘He said (that) he had written a letter. Past Continuous Tense He said, “I was writing a letter.” Past Perfect Continuous Tense He said (that) he had been writing a letter. Simple Future Tense Conditional He told me that he would write me a letter. He said to me, “I shall write you « letter.” Future Continuous Tense They said, “We shall be learning English.” Conditional Continuous They said (that) they would be learning English. Imperatives The teacher said to us, “Work hard.” He said to me, “Please open the :loor.” She said to the students, “Don’t make a noise.” ‘The teacher ordered us to work hard. He requested me to opén thé door. ‘She ordered the students not,to make a noise. NOR \ bite \She pro} ibited the studeritsto make a noise. (Questions 1. Wh- Questions Guko, what, which, whom, where, when, why, how). He said to me, “What are you doing?” Ske said to us, “Where do you live?” 2. ¥es / No Type Q.: fis, am, are, was were, do; does, have has, do, does, did, will, shail, can, 1:13, must ete.) He said to me, “Are you a student?” She said to us, “Do you learn Enylish?” ions Reporting clauses for “Wh- and yes /no e vived, He wanted to know ete. He asked me what I was doing. She asked us where we lived. In yes/no type guestions we use “if/ whether” after the “reporting clause.” dfLwhether He asked me if / whether Iwas a studeat. She asked us if / whether we learnt English. ch of expressions of time and place Today — - — That day Yesterday ‘The day before/ the previous day ‘The day before yesterday - Two days before Tomorrow. - The next day / the following day ‘The day after tomorrow Tn two days’ time Next week / month /year etc. _ The following week / month / year ete. Last week /month / year etc. The previous week / month / year ete. A week / month / year ago ‘A week / month / year before OR The previous week / month / year Now | Then Here There This = That ‘Ago Before a EL&DC 0 pg ES ERT Page 2f ENGLISH LANGUAGE & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Change of pronouns in Indirect Speech Reporting ear gatas erp SUIS gel J oak “We ul He said, “Lam learning English.” He said that he was learning English. They said, “We will win.” They said that they would win. o Subject -Reporting Clause ys gel 3 oa “us y me” He said, “She teaches me.” He said that she taught him. They said, “He taught us.” They said that he had taught them. Object -Reporting Clause ys of He said to me, “You look tired.” He told me that I looked tired. He said to her, "You are lazy." He told her that she was lazy. English Reporting Clause eae \ynasd Gupe PU Sd ses"You"y Ske said to me, "Twill teach you.” She told me that she would teach ze. The teacher said to us, “Iwill guide you.” The teacher told us that he would guide us. ¢ Subject y= Reported Speech galeae.1 J x Subject Clause She said, “Lwill come beck.” . ‘She said that she would come back. They said, “We can speak English.” They said t could spe hat they could speak English, ¥ Object y= Reported Speech gaicne2 wel} -y,2Objective “He called me.” that he had called her. They said, “No one can defeat x They said that no one could defeat them, wt “You” 3 Subject Reported Sperch gene 3 cess ©, Subjective ) | She said tous, “Vow ean speak Fnglish.” She tald us that we could speak Pnglish. The teacher said to them, “You will speak English.” The teacher told them that theu would speak F Object yx Reported Speech galenet Al ge Object y= She said to him, “Twill talk to you She told him that she would talk to him. She said to me, “I mise you.” ‘She told me that she missed me. Him, Her, Object 4 csi “He, She , It, They, Name” 3 Subject » Reported Specch gakeuss He said, “They will come.” He said that they would come. They said, "We saw her.” They said that they had seen her. Mais J Jats yal Zgaé It, ‘Them, Name He said, “She looks happy.” He said that she looked happy. He said, “I mect them.” He said that ke met them.ENGLISH LANGUAGE & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE \ Change “Must & Needn’t” in Indirect Speech Sette Juss 4 Had 10,5 ¢) He said, “Imust leave now.” He said that he had to leave then veeaiee Juss g Would have 0.5 oy sgeo ab S gonna Ouare yo rine Must gales 2 They said, “We must win the next 1 ext match.” They said that they would have to win the next match. Fg sl S wunne cues oo CSsoayr as Must yak Fare (YOU) subject wo ee gi 38 ee ae gies Ue HEL yp ye nee Gui MUS gelene3 shay SMust He said to me, “You must: work harder.” He told me that I must work ‘harder, The teacher said to us, “You must net leave the room.” ‘The teacher told us that we must not leave the room. Geb Juss 4 Weren't toy Wasn’t to oS of 3 yne Must not 4 be gute glenn id, “muse not go there.” He said that he wasn’t to go there. Stes sis ¢ didn’t have tos ol 3g 5 oS (present tense) Needn’t gakcus 5 id, ‘Inzedn’t go now.” He said that he didin’t have to go then. ebsso dusts Wouldn’t have to 45 vf 5 y,4> alb ,S (Future tense) Needn’t gehen 6 They said, “We needn’t help him tomorrow.” The said that they wouldn't have to help him the next day,