Intext Questions

Page No. 6
1. Why should magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?
Ans.: Magnesium ribbon is cleaned before burning so that coating of impurity (such as oxide) formed on its
surface is removed and it becomes pure magnesium.

2. Write the balanced equations for the following chemical reactions.

(a) Hydrogen + chlorine  hydrogen chloride
(b) Barium chloride + aluminium sulphate  barium sulphate + aluminium chloride
(c) Sodium + water  sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Ans. (a) H 2( g )  Cl2( g )  2HCl( g )
(b) 3BaCl2( aq )  Al2 (SO4 )3( aq )  3BaSO4( s )  2 AlCl3( aq )
(c) 2 Na( s )  2H 2O(l )  2 NaOH ( aq )  H 2( g )

3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions:
(a) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and
the solution of sodium chloride.
(b) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium
chloride solution and water.
Ans. (a) BaCl2( aq )  Na2 SO4( aq )  BaSO4( s )  2 NaCl( aq )
(b) NaOH ( aq )  HCl( aq )  NaCl( aq )  H 2O(l )

Page No. 10

1. A solution of the substance X is used for white washing.

(i) Name the substance X and write its formula.
(ii) Write the reaction of the substance X with water.
Ans.: (i) The substance X is calcium oxide (also called quick lime). Its formula is CaO.
(ii) CaO( s )  H 2O(l )  Ca(OH )2( s )
(X ) calciumhydroxide

2. Why is double the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in electrolysis of water than the
amount collected in the other? Name the gas.
On electrolysis, water decomposes according to the reaction, 2H 2O(l )   2H 2( g )  O2( g )
On pas sin g electriccurrent
Ans.:
Thus, water decomposes to give hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 2:1 by volume. The double volume of the
gas collected is hydrogen.
Page No. 13

1. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it?
Ans.: The reaction between copper(II) sulphate and iron is represented as CuSO4( aq )  Fe( s )  FeSO4( aq )  Cu( s )
Blue Light green Brown

In this displacement reaction, a more active element iron displaces another less reactive element from its
compound copper(II) sulphate. The brown copper metal gets deposited on the iron nails. The colour of the
solution changes from blue to light green due to the formation of Fe2 ions.

2. Give an example of a double displacement reaction.

Ans.: In the reaction of silver nitrate and sodium chloride, the silver exchanges its nitrate ions with chloride ions of
sodium chloride and forms a precipitate of silver chloride. The chemical reaction is
AgNO3( aq )  NaCl( aq )  AgCl( s )  NaNO3( aq )

3. Identify the substances that are oxidized and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions:
(i) 4 Na( s )  O2( g )  Na2O( s ) (ii) CuO( s )  H 2( g )  Cu( s )  H 2O(l )
Ans.: (i)

Sodium is oxidised and O2 is reduced.

(ii)

Page No. 14

1. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?

2PbO( s )  C( s )  2Pb( s )  CO2( s )
(i) Lead is getting reduced.
(ii) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
(iii) Carbon is getting oxidised.
(iv) Lead oxide is getting reduced.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) all
Ans.: (a)

3
2. Fe2O3  2 Al  Al2O3  2Fe The above reaction is an example of a
(a) combination reaction (b) double displacement reaction
(c) decomposition reaction (d) displacement reaction
Ans.: (d) It is an example of displacement reaction. Fe of Fe2O3 has been displaced by Al.

Page No. 15

3. What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings? Tick the correct answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron salt and water are produced.
Ans.: (a) Fe( s )  2HCl( aq )  FeCl2( aq )  H 2( g )

4. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?

Ans.: The chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element on both the sides are equal is called
the balanced equation.
A chemical equation should be balanced because there is no loss or gain of any matter during a chemical
reaction, i.e., the law of conservation of matter must hold good for the reaction.

5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them :
(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas bums in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium
sulphate.
(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Ans.: (a) H 2( g )  N2( g )  NH3( g )
Balanced equation: 3H 2( g )  N2( g )  2 NH3( g )
(b) H 2 S( g )  O2( g )  H 2O(l )  SO2( g )
Balanced equation : 2H 2 S( g )  3O2( g )  2H 2O(l )  2SO2( g )
(c) BaCl2( aq )  Al2 (SO4 )3( aq )  AlCl3( aq )  BaSO4( s )
Balanced equation: 3aCl2( aq )  Al2 (SO4 )3( aq )  2 AlCl3( aq )  3BaSO4( s )
(d) K( s )  H 2O(l )  KOH ( aq )  H 2( g )
Balanced equation : 2K( s )  2H 2O(l )  2KOH ( aq )  H 2( g )

6. Balance the following chemical equations :

(a) HNO3  Ca(OH )2  Ca( NO3 )2  H 2O (b) NaNO3  Ca(OH )2  Ca( NO3 )2  H 2O
(c) NaCl  AgNO3  AgCl  NaNO3 (d) BaCl2  H 2 SO4  BaSO4  HCl
Ans. (a) 2HNO3  Ca(OH )2  Ca( NO3 )2  2H 2O
(b) 2 NaOH  H 2 SO4  Na2 SO4  2H 2O
(c) NaCl  AgNO3  AgCl  NaNO3

4
 (d) BaCl2  H 2 SO4  BaSO4  2HCl

7. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions :

(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide  Calcium carbonate + Water
(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate 
 Zinc nitrate + Silver
(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride 
 Aluminium chloride + Copper
(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate 
 Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
Ans. (a) Ca(OH )2  CO2  CaCO3  H 2O (b) Zn  2 AgNO3  Zn( NO3 )2  2 Ag
(c) 2 Al  3CuCl2  2 AlCl3  3Cu (d) BaCl2  K2 SO4  BaSO4  2KCl

8. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following and identify the type of reaction in each case.
(a) Potassium bromide ( aq ) + Barium iodide ( aq )  Potassium iodide ( aq ) + Barium bromide ( s )
(b) Zinc carbonate ( s )  Zinc oxide (s)  Carbon dioxide ( g )
(c) Hydrogen ( g )  Chlorine (g)  Hydrogen chloride (g)

(d) Magnesium ( s )  Hydrochloric acid  Magnesium chloride ( aq )  Hydrogen

( aq ) (g)

Ans. (a) 2KBr( aq )  Bal2( aq )  2KI ( aq )  BaBr2( s ) Double displacement reaction

(b) ZnCO3( s )  ZnO( s )  CO2( g ) Decomposition reaction
(c) H 2( g )  Cl2( g )  2HCl( g ) Combination reaction
(d) Mg( s )  2HCl( aq )  MgCl2( aq )  H 2( g ) Displacement reaction

9. What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
Ans. The chemical reactions which occur with the evolution of heat are called exothermic reactions.
For example, C( s )  O2( g )  CO2( g )  Heat
2H 2( g )  O2( g )  2H 2O(l ) 
The chemical reactions which occur with the absorption of heat are called endothermic reactions. For
example,
N2( g )  O2( g )  Heat  2 NO( g )
2 NH3( g )  Heat  N2( g )  3H 2( g )

10. Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction? Explain.

Ans. Rice, potatoes and bread contain carbohydrates. During digestion, these carbohydrates are broken down
into simpler substances called glucose. This glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body and
provides energy. The special name of this reaction is respiration.
Thus respiration is an exothermic process because energy is produced during this process.
C6 H12O6( aq )  6CO2( g )  6CO2( g )  6H 2O(l )  Energy

5
11. Why are decomposition reactions called the Opposite of combination reactions? Write equations for these
reactions.
Ans. The decomposition reactions are those in which a compound breaks up into two or more simpler
substances. On the other hand, combination reactions are those in which two or more substances combine
to form single substance.
Thus, the decomposition reactions are opposite of the combination reactions.
For example, decomposition reactions are :
CaCO3( s )  CaO( s )  CO2( g )
2H 2O(l ) 
Electricity
 2H 2( g )  O2
For example, combination reactions are :
2H 2( g )  O2( g )  2H 2O(l )
NH3( g )  HCl( g )  NH 4Cl( s )

12. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light
or electricity.

Ans. Decomposition reaction involving absorption of heat, ZnCO3( s )   ZnO( s )  CO2( s ) Decomposition
Zinc carbonate Zinc oxide Carbon dioxide

reaction involving absorption of light, 2H O2 2( l ) 

 2 H 2O(l )  O2( g )
Light
Decomposition reaction
Hydrogen peroxide Water Oxygen

involving absorption of electrical energy, 2 Al2O3 

Electric current
 4 Al  3O2( g )
Alu min a Alu min ium
Oxygen

13. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write equations for
these reactions.
Ans. The chemical reactions in which one element takes the place of another element is called
displacement reaction.
For example : Zinc displaces copper from copper sulphate solution :
Zn( s )  CuSO4( aq ) .  ZnSO4( aq )  Cu( s )
Double displacement reactions are those-in which two compounds react to form two other compounds by
mutual exchange of atoms or group of atoms. For example, in the reaction between barium chloride and
sulphuric acid, barium chloride exchanges its Cl- s with SO42 ions of H 2 SO4 .
BaCl2( aq )  H 2 SO4( aq )  BaSO4( s )  2HCl( aq )

14. In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper
metal. Write down the reaction involved.
Ans. 2 AgNO3( aq )  Cu( s )  2 Ag( s )  Cu( NO3 )2( aq )

15. What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.

Ans. The reaction in which precipitates are produced are called precipitation reactions. For example,
2 AgNO3( s )  BaCl2( aq )  2 AgCl( s )  Ba( NO3 )2( aq )
ppt .

Na2 SO4( aq )  BaCl2( aq )  BaSO4( s )  2 NaCl( aq )

ppt .

6
16. Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.
(i) Oxidation (ii) Reduction
Ans. (i) Oxidation is a reaction which involves addition or gain of oxygen. For example,
4 Na  O2  2 Na2O; 2Cu  O2 
Heat
 2CuO
(ii) Reduction is a reaction which involves loss or removal of oxygen. For example,
CuO  H 2  Heat
 Cu  H 2O; ZnO  C  Zn  CO

17. A shiny brown coloured element 'X' on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the element 'X' and
the black coloured compound formed.
Ans. The element X is copper, Cu Black coloured coating is of copper oxide, CuO.

18. Why do we apply paint on iron articles?

Ans.: We apply paint on iron articles so as to prevent it from rusting. When the surface of iron is coated with paint,
its surface does not come in contact with oxygen and moisture, therefore rusting does not take place.

19. Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
Ans. Oil and fats containing articles are flushed with nitrogen to prevent them from getting oxidized.
This will protect them from becoming rancid,

20. Explain the following terms with an example each :

(a) Corrosion (b) Rancidity
Ans. (a) Corrosion : It is a process of deterioration of a metals as a result of its reaction with air or water present
in environment. Therefore, when metals are exposed to atmosphere, they react with air or water present in
the environment and form undesirable compounds on their surfaces. This process is called corrosion. Almost
all metals except noble metals such as gold, platinum and palladium get corroded. For example, when iron is
exposed to moisture for a long time, its surface acquires a brown flaky substance called rust. Similarly,
surface of copper acquires a green coating of basic copper carbonate, etc.
(b) Rancidity: When fats and oils are exposed to air, they get oxidized and become rancid and their smell and
colour change. This phenomenon is called rancidity. To prevent rancidity of food materials containing fats
and oils, certain substances (called antioxidants) are added which prevent oxidation and hence rancidity.
Some food materials are stored in air tight containers or the bags containing the food materials (such as
chips) are flushed with inert gas such as nitrogen to prevent them from getting oxidised.

7
 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which of the following is not a physical change?
(a) Boiling of water to give water vapour (b) Melting of ice to give water
(c) Dissolution of salt in water (d) Combustion of liquefied petroleum Gas (LPG)

(i) Chemical change takes place on the molecular level and it produces a
new substance.
(ii) Physical change involves change in physical properties and it does not
produce anew substance.

Ans. (d) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a chemical change. Because it is an irreversible reaction
and new products, carbon dioxide and water vapour are formed and lot of heat is also produced during the
reaction.
Rest three are physical changes as no new products are formed.

2. The following reaction is an example of a

4 NH3 ( g )  502 ( g )  4 NO( g )  6H 2O( g )
(i) displacement reaction
(ii) combination reaction
(iii) redox reaction
(iv) neutralization reaction
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4

In this reaction, NH3 is changing into NO. Removal of hydrogen from a

substance is called oxidation. So, NH3 is undergoing oxidation. O2 is
changing into H2O. The addition of hydrogen to a substance is called
reduction. So, O2 is undergoing reduction.

Ans. (d) It is a redox reaction because oxidation and reduction both take place simultaneously in this reaction.
Also, it is a displacement reaction because H of NH3 has been displaced by oxygen.

3. Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct?
3Fe(s)  4H 2O( g )  Fe3O4 (s)  4H 2 ( g )
(i) Iron metal is getting oxidized.
(ii) Water is getting reduced.
(iii) Water is acting as reducing agent.
(iv) Water is acting as oxidizing agent.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 4

8
Ans. (c) Fe is gaining oxygen to give Fe3O4 . H 2O is losing oxygen to give Hg. The substance which oxidizes the
other substance in a chemical reaction is known as an oxidizing agent. So, water is acting as oxidizing agent.

4. Which of the following are exothermic processes?

(i) Reaction of water with quick lime
(ii) Dilution of an acid
(iii) Evaporation of water
(iv) Sublimation of camphor (crystals)
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4

Exothermic processes are those in which heat is released along with the
formation of products.

Ans. (a) When quick lime reacts with water, a large amount of heat is released along with the formation of
calcium hydroxide. Similarly, the process of dissolving an acid or base in water is a highly exothermic
reaction. Evaporation of water and sublimation of camphor are endothermic reactions.

5. Three beakers labelled as A, B and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken. A small amount of
NaOH , anhydrous CuSO4 and NaCl were added to the beakers A, B and C respectively. It was observed
that there was an increase in the temperature of the solutions contained in beakers A and B, whereas in
case of beaker C, the temperature of the solution falls. Which one of the following statement(s) is(are)
correct?
1. In beakers A and B, exothermic process has occurred.
2. In beakers A and B, endothermic process has occurred.
3. In beaker C, exothermic process has occurred.
4. In beaker C, endothermic process has occurred.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
Ans. (c) As in case of beakers A and 6, heat is given out, so temperature became high, hence it is an exothermic
reaction while in beaker C, heat is absorbed from water, so temperature falls, hence it is an endothermic
process.

6. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified permanganate
solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears. Which of the following is the
correct explanation for the observation?
(a) KMnO4 is an oxidising agent, it oxidises FeSO4
(b) FeSO4 acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises KMnO4
(c) The colour disappears due to dilution, no reaction is involved
(d) KMnO4 is an unstable compound and decomposes in the presence of FeSO4 to a colourless compound
Ans. (a) Potassium permanganate ( KMnO4 ) in presence of dil H 2 SO4 i.e., in acidic medium acts as strong oxidizing
agent. In acidic medium, KMnO4 oxidizes ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate.
2 KMnO4  8H 2 SO4  10 FeSO4 

Ferrous
sulphate

K 2 SO4  5Fe2 ( SO4 )3  2MnSO4  8H 2O

Ferric
sulphate

9
7. Which among the following is (are) double displacement reaction(s)?
(i) Pb  CuCl2 
 PbCl2  Cu
(ii) Na2 SO4  BaCl2 
 BaSO4  2 NaCl
(iii) C  O2 
CO2
(iv) CH 4  202  CO2  2H 2O
(i) and (iv) (b) Only (ii) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
Ans. (b) In double displacement reaction, two compounds exchange their ions to form two new compounds.
Only in reaction (ii), exchange of ions is taking place reactions and anions of both reactants are exchanged).
Na2 SO4  BaCl2  BaSO4  2 NaCl
White ppt .

8. Which among the following statement(s) is/are true? Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long
duration turns grey due to
(i) the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
(ii) sublimation of silver chloride.
(iii) decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride.
(iv) oxidation of silver chloride.
(a) (i) Only (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) Only (iv)
Ans. (a) Decomposition of silver chloride takes place in the presence of sunlight.
2 AgCl 
Sunlight
2 Ag ( s) Cl2
Silver Silver
chloride ( grey )

In this reaction, the white colour of silver chloride changes greyish white due to the formation of silver
metal.

9. Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide accompanied by liberation of
heat. This process is called slaking of lime. Calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to form its solution called
limewater. Which among the following is are true about slaking of lime and the solution formed?
(i) It is an endothermic reaction.
(ii) It is exothermic reaction.
(iii)The pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven.
(iv) The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)
Ans. (b) It is an exothermic reaction because heat is given out and the resulting compound is Ca(OH )2 which is
basic in nature so, the pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven.
CaO  H 2O  Ca(OH )2  heat
Calcium Calcium
oxide hydoxide
( basic )

Ca(OH )2 turns red litmus solution to blue. So, its pH value is greater than seven.

10. Barium chloride on reacting with ammonium sulphate forms barium sulphate and ammonium chloride.
Which of the following correctly represents the type of the reaction involved?
(i) Displacement reaction
(ii) Precipitation reaction
(iii) Combination reaction
(iv) Double displacement reaction
(a) Only (i) (b) Only (ii) (c) Only (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)

10
Ans. (d) The reaction is a double displacement reaction as follows
BaCl2  ( NH 4 ) SO4 
 BaSO4   2 NH 4Cl
Barium Ammonium Barium Ammonium
chloride sulphate sulphate chloride
(White ppt .)

It is also called precipitation reaction due to the formation of white precipitate of barium sulphate.

11. Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mole ratio of hydrogen and oxygen gases liberated
during electrolysis of water is
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
Ans. (b) The water decomposes during electrolysis to form hydrogen and oxygen gases in the ratio 2:1 by volume.
2H 2O(l ) 
Electric current
 2 H 2 ( g )  O2 ( g )
Water

12. Which of the following is(are) an endothermic process(es)?

(i) Dilution of sulphuric add
(ii) Sublimation of dry ice
(iii) Condensation of water vapours
(iv) Evaporation of water
(a) Both (i) and (iii) (b) Only (ii) (c) Only (iii) (d) Both (ii) and (iv)
Ans. (d) Sublimation of dry ice and evaporation of water both are endothermic process and take heat (energy)
from their surrounding to get sublime or evaporate. Hence, both these processes produce cooling. This is the
reason for using dry ice as refrigerant. Dilution of sulphuric acid and condensation of water vapours evolve
heat. Hence, these are exothermic processes.

13. In the double displacement reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous lead nitrate, a
yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While performing the activity if lead nitrate is not available,
which of the following can be used in place of lead nitrate?
(a) Lead sulphate (insoluble) (b) Lead acetate
(c) Ammonium nitrate (d) Potassium sulphate
Ans. (b) Lead acetate can be used in place of lead nitrate because like lead nitrate, it is also a soluble salt in water.
The reaction is

Pb(CH 3COO) 2  2kl 
 Pbl2  2CH 3COO K  Lead sulphate is insoluble in water, so it cannot be used.
Lead acetate Lead iodide
( Yellow ppt .)

14. Which of the following gases can be used for storage of fresh sample of an oil for a long time?
(a) Carbon dioxide or oxygen
(b) Nitrogen or oxygen
(c) Carbon dioxide or helium
(d) Helium or nitrogen
Ans. (d) Helium and nitrogen both the gases provide inert atmosphere. When the packed food is surrounded by
unreactive gas (nitrogen or helium), there is no oxygen (or air) to cause its oxidation and make it rancid.

15. The following reaction is used for the preparation of oxygen gas in the laboratory
2KClO3 Heat
Catalyst
2KCl (s)  3O2 ( g )
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about the reaction?
(i) It is a decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature
(ii) It is a combination reaction
(iii) It is a decomposition reaction and accompanied by release of heat

11
 (iv) It is a photochemical decomposition reaction and exothermic in nature
Ans. (a) It is a decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature because decomposition of KClO3 requires heat
for products formation.

16. Which one of the following processes involve chemical reactions?

(i) Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in a gas cylinder
(ii) Liquefaction of air
(iii) Keeping petrol in a China dish in the open
(iv) Heating copper wire in the presence of air at high temperature
Ans. (d) A chemical reaction is a change in which one or more substance (s) or reactant (s) react to form new
substance (s) with entirely different properties.
2C  O2 
u  2CuO
Copper Copper
wire oxide

17. In which of the following chemical equations, the abbreviations represent the correct states of the
reactants and products involved at reaction temperature?
(a) 2H 2 (l )  O2 (l ) 
 2H 2O( g ) (b) 2H 2 ( g )  O2 (l ) 
 2H 2O(l )
(c) 2H 2 ( g )  O2 ( g ) 
 2H 2O(l ) (d) 2H 2 ( g )  O2 ( g ) 
 2H 2O( g )
Ans. (c) It is because, the standard state for hydrogen and oxygen is gas and for water is liquid at reaction
temperature.

18. Which of the following are combination reactions?

(i) 2KClO3 
Heat
 2KCl  3O2 (ii) MgO  H 2O 
 Mg (OH )2
(iii) 4 Al  3O2  2 Al2O3 (iv) Zn  FeSO4   ZnSO4  Fe
(a) Both (i) and (iii) (b) Both (iii) and (iv)
(c) Both (ii) and (iv) (d) Both (ii) and (iii)
Ans. (d) A reaction in which two or more reactants react together to form a single product, is called a
combination reaction. In reaction (ii), MgO and H 2O combine to form Mg (OH )2 , and in reaction (iii), Al and
O2 combine to form Al2O3 .
Reaction (i) is decomposition reaction and reaction (iv) is displacement reaction.

Short Answer Type Questions

19. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of reaction in each
case.
(i) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773 K to form ammonia gas.
(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water.
(iii) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of concentrated H 2 SO4 .
(iv) Ethane is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat and light.
(a) N2 ( g )  3H 2 ( g )
Catalyst
Ans. 773 K
2 NH 3 ( g )
This is an example of combination reaction
(b) NaOH (aq)  CH COOH (l ) 
3
CH COONa (aq )  H O(l )
3 2

This is an example of neutralization reaction as well as double displacement reaction.

(c) C H OH (l )  CH COOH (l ) 
2 5 3
 CH COOC H (l ) H O(l )
Conc .
H 2 SO4 3 2 5 2

12
 This is an example of double displacement reaction.
(d) 2CH  CH ( g )  7O 
3
 4CO  6 H O  Heat
3 2 2 2

This is an example of combination reaction

20. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reactions and identify the type of reaction in each
case.
(i) In Thermite reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron and aluminium oxide.
(ii) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid magnesium nitride.
(iii) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form potassium chloride solution and
solid iodine.
(iv) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat.
Ans. (a) The mite reaction

Fe2O3 ( s) 2 A( s)   2Fe(l )  Al O
2 3
Iron ( iii ) oxide Aluminium Molten iron Aluminium oxide

This is an example of displacement reaction.


(b) 3Mg ( s) N 2 ( g )   Mg3 N 2 (s)
Magnesium Nitrogen Magnesium nitride

This is an example of combination reaction,

(c) 2 KI (aq)  Cl2 ( g ) 
 2 KCl (aq)  I 2 ( s)
Potassium iodide Chlorine Potassium iodine
chloride

This is an example of displacement reaction.

(d) C2 H 5OH (l ) 3O2 ( g ) 
 2CO2 ( g ) 3H 2O  Heat
Ethanol Carbon
dioxide

This is an example of combustion reaction.

21. Complete the missing components/variables given as X and Y in the following.

(a) pb( NO3 )2 (aq)  2KI (aq) 
 PbI 2 ( X )  2KNO3 (Y )
(b) Cu(s)  2 AgNO3 (aq) 
Cu( NO3 )2 (aq)  X (s)
(c) Zn(s)  H 2 SO4 (aq) 
 ZnSO4 ( X )  H 2 (Y )
(d) CaCO3 (s) 
X
CaO(s)  CO2 ( g )
Ans. (a) Pb( NO3 )2 (aq)  2KI (aq) 
 PbI 2 (s)  2KNO3 (aq)
(b) sCu(s)  2 AgNO3 (aq) 
Cu( NO3 )2 (aq)  2 Ag (s)
(c) Zn(s)  H 2 SO4 (aq) 
 ZnSO4 (aq)  H 2 ( g )
(d) CaCO3 (s) 
Heat
CaO(s)  CO2 ( g )

22. Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?
(i) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate
(ii) Dilution of sulphuric acid
(iii)Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
(iv) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water
Ans. (a) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate is an endothermic reaction because heat is absorbed during the
reaction.
(b) The process of dissolving sulphuric acid in water i.e., dilution of sulphuric acid) is a highly exothermic
reaction.

13
 (c) The process of dissolving sodium hydroxide (a bare) in water is again a highly exothermic reaction.
(d) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water is an endothermic reaction as heat is absorbed during the
reaction.

23. Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions.

(a) 4 NH3  5O2   4 NO  6H 2O
(b) H 2O  F2 
 HF  HOF
(c) Fe2O3  3CO 
 2Fe  3CO2
(d) 2H 2  O2 
 2 H 2O

A substance that helps in the reduction of another substance is called

reducing agent. It either adds oxygen, gives hydrogen or donates
electrons to the substance that is reduced.

Ans. (a) NH 3 is the reducing agent because it gives hydrogen and itself gets oxidized to NO (Removal of H and
addition of O). O2 has been reduced to H2O (Addition of hydrogen).
(b) H2O is the reducing agent because of the addition of electronegative F to get oxidized to HOF. It reduces
F2to HF (by addition of hydrogen).
(c) Fe2O3 has been reduced to Fe (Removal of oxygen). Also, CO has been oxidized to CO2 (Addition of
oxygen) and hence, CO is a reducing agent,
(d) H2 is the reducing agent which itself gets oxidized to H2O (Addition of oxygen). O2 has been reduced to
H2O (Addition of hydrogen).

24. Identify the oxidizing agent (oxidant) in the following reactions.

(a) Pb3O4  8HCl  3PbCl2  Cl2  4H 2O
(b) 2Mg  O2 
 2MgO
(c) CuSO4  Zn 
Cu  ZnSO4
(d) V2O5  5Ca 
 2V  5CaO
(e) 3Fe  4H 2O 
 Fe3O4  4H 2
(f) CuO  H 2 
Cu  H 2O

Oxidizing agent is the substance that itself gets reduced in the reactions.
It either gives oxygen, adds hydrogen or accepts electrons from the
substance to be oxidized.

Ans. (a) In this reaction, HCI has been oxidized to CI2 (Removal of H) and Pb3O4 has been reduced to PbCl2
(Removal of O). Hence, Pb3O4 is the oxidizing agent (oxidant)
(b) Mg has .been oxidized to MgO (Addition of O). Hence, O2 is the oxidant.
(c) This reaction occurs as
Cu 2  Zn  Cu  Zn2
Here Cu 2 has gained two electrons to form Cu. Hence, Cu 2 has been reduced to Cu.
But Zn has donated two electrons to form Zn2 . Hence, Zn has been oxidized to Zn2 .

14
 Thus, CuSO4 is the oxidizing agent.
(d) Ca has been oxidized to CaO (Addition of oxygen), whereas V2O5 has been reduced to V. Hence, V2O5 is the
oxidant.
(e) Fe has been oxidized to Fe3O4 whereas H2O has been reduced to Hg. Hence, H2O is the oxidant.
(f) CuO has been reduced to Cu whereas H2 has been oxidized to H2O. Hence, CuO is the oxidant.

25. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(a) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar concentrations gives sodium chloride
and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
(b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium chloride, water and
liberates carbon dioxide.
(c) Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide precipitate scuprous iodide ( Cu2 I 2 ), liberates iodine
gas and also forms potassium sulphate.
Ans. (a) Na2CO3 ( s) HCl (aq) 
 NaCl (aq) NaHCO3
Sodium Hydrochlori Sodium
carbonate acid chloride

(b) NaHCO3  HCl (aq) 

 NaCl  H 2O CO2
Sodium Hydro Sodium water carbon
hydrogen chloric chloride dioxide
carbonate acid

(c) 2CuSO4  4KI 

 Cu2 I 2  I 2  2K 2 SO4
Copper Potassium Cuprous iodine Potassium
iodide gas saulphate
sulphate iodide

26. A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble white substance is
formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the type of the chemical reaction.
Ans. KCl (aq) AgNO3 (aq)  AgCl (s) KNO3 (aq)
Potassium Silver Silver Potassium
chloride Nitrate chloride Nitrate
(White ppt .)
This is an example of double displacement reaction.

27. Ferrous sulphate decomposes with the evolution of a gas having a characteristic odour of burning sulphur.
Write the chemical reaction involved and identify the type of reaction.
Ans. 2FeSO4 (s) 
Heat
 Fe2O3 (s) SO2 ( g ) SO3 ( g )
Ferrous Ferric Sulphur Sulphur
sulphate oxxide dioxide Trioxide
This is an example of decomposition reaction (Thermal decomposition).

28. Why do fire flies glow at night?

Ans. Fire flies have a special kind of substance (Protein) i.e., luciferin that undergoes oxidation (by atmospheric
oxygen) in the presence of an enzyme (luciferare). This reaction isaccompanied by emission of light.
Therefore, fire flies glow at night.

29. Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being plucked from the plant can be fermented.
Under what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical or a physical change?
Ans. When grapes are attached to the plant, aerobic respiration takes place in the cells as the oxygen reaches
there. But when plucked, no oxygen reaches the cell, therefore fermentation starts. It is obvious that

15
 fermentation takes place only in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic condition). Fermentation is a chemical
change in which sugar is converted to alcohol.

30. Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?

(a) Evaporation of petrol
(b) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(c) Heating of an iron rod to red hot
(d) Curdling of milk
(e) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride
Ans. (a) Evaporation of petrol is a physical change because no new chemical substance is formed.
(b) Burning of LPG is a chemical change because on burning, LPG forms CO2 and H2O.
(c) Heating of an iron rod to red hot is a physical change.
(d) Curdling of milk is a chemical change because in the conversion of milk to curd, new chemical susbtances
are formed.
(e) It is a physical change, because solid NH 4Cl vapours and no new chemical substance is formed.

31. During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid, following observations were made.
(a) Silver metal does not show any change
(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added
(c) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive
(d) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the acid
Explain these observations giving suitable reasons.
Ans. (a) This is because silver is below hydrogen in the reactivity series so, cannot displace hydrogen when
reacted with acid.
(b) The reaction of Al with dilute HCI is exothermic i.e., heat is produced in the reaction, hence the
temperature of the reaction mixture rises.
2 Al  6HCl   2 AlCl3  3H 2  Heat
(c) Sodium is a very reactive metal. It reacts explosively (extremely rapidly) with hydrochloric acid to form
sodium chloride and hydrogen with the evolution of heat too.
H2 gas produced catches fire immediatly
(d) Lead is present just above the hydrogen in the activity series of metals. Hence, it is slightly more reactive
and displace hydrogen from acid very slowly and to a small extent. Therefore, only bubbles ofH2 are seen to
evolve.
Pb( s) 2 HCl (aq) 
 PbCl2  H 2 ( g )
Lead Dilute Lead
chloride

32. A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the cement industry. This
element is present in bones also. On treatment with water it forms a solution which turns red litmus blue.
Identify X and also write the chemical reactions involved.
Ans. X is calcium oxide (CaO), also called quick lime. It reacts with water to form calcium. hydroxide which is a
basic compound.

16
33. Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions and also classify them.
(a) Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to form lead chloride and acetic acid
solution.
(b) A piece of sodium metal is added to absolute ethanol to form sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas.
(c) Iron (III) oxide on heating with carbon monoxide gas reacts to form solid iron and liberates carbon dioxide
gas.
(d) Hydrogen sulphide gas reacts with oxygen gas to form solid sulphur and liquid water.
Ans. (a) Pb(CH3COO)2 (aq)  2HCl (dil )  
PbCl2 (s)  2CH3COOH (aq)
This is a double displacement reaction. It is also a precipitation reaction.
(b) 2C2 H 5OH (l )  2 Na( s) 
 2C2 H 5O Na  H 2 


This is displacement reaction.

(c) Fe2O3 (s)  3CO( g )   2Fe(s)  3CO2 ( g ) 
This is a redox reaction.
(d) 2H 2 S ( g )  O2 ( g )   2S (s)  2H 2O(l )
This is a redox reaction.

34. Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles?

Ans. Dark coloured bottles interrupt the path of light such that light cannot reach silver chloride in the bottles and
its decomposition is prevented. It is known that silver chloride decomposes to silver and chlorine in the
presence of light. This is shown in the reaction given below
2 AgCl ( s) 
Sunlight
2 Ag ( s) Cl2 ( g )
Silver Silver Chlorine
chloride ( grey )
( white )

Hence, it is stored in dark coloured bottles.

35. Balance the following chemical equation and identify the type of chemical reaction.
(a) Mg (s)  Cl2 ( g ) 
 MgCl2 (s)
(b) HgO(s) 
Heat
 Hg (l )  O2 ( g )
(c) Na(s)  S (s) 
Fuse
 Na2 S (s)
(d) TiCl4 (l )  Mg (s) 
Ti(s)  MgCl2 (s)
(e) CaO(s)  SiO2 (s) 
CaSiO3 (s)
(f) H 2O2 (l ) 
UV
 H 2O(l )  O2 ( g )
Ans. (a) Mg (s)  Cl2 ( g )   MgCl2 (l )
(Combination reaction)
(b) 2HgO(s)  Heat
 2Hg (l )  O2 ( g )
(Thermal decomposition reaction)
(c) 2 Na(s)  S (s)  Fuse
 Na2 S (s)
(Combination reaction)
(d) TiCl4 (l )  2Mg (s)  Ti(s)  2MgCl2 (s)
(Displacement reaction)
(e) CaO(s)  SiO2 (s)  CaSiO3 (s)
(Combination reaction)

17
 (f) 2H 2O2 (l ) 
UV
 2H 2O(l )  O2 ( g )
(Photodecomposition reaction)

36. A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X accompanied by emission of light. If
the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it continues to burn and forms a
compound Y.
(a) Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation, when X is dissolved in water.
Ans. 2Mg (s) O2 ( g ) 
 2MgO( s) light
Magnesium Magnesium
oxide ( x )

3Mg (s) N 2 ( g ) 
 Mg3 N 2 (s)
Magnesium Magnesium
nitride ( y )
(a) The chemical formulae of
X  MgO;Y  Mg3 N2
(b) MgO H 2O 
 Mg (OH )2
X Magnesium
hydroxide

37. Zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, whereas copper does not. Explain,
why?
Ans. The position of zinc in the reactivity series is above hydrogen whereas that of copper is below hydrogen. It
means that Zn oxidizes (loses electrons) more easily than hydrogen whereas copper does not do so. So,
copper does not displace Hg from dilute acids. The reaction is
Zn  2 HCl 
 ZnCl2  H 2 
Zinc dil Zinc
chloride

Cu  HCl 
 No reaction
Copper

38. A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The article when rubbed with
toothpaste again starts shining.
(a) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.
Ans. (a) Silver article turns black when kept in the air because silver article reacts with sulphur compounds such as
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) present in air. The phenomenon is called corrosion. For silver particularly, it is called
tarnishing of silver.
(b) The black substance formed is silver sulphide ( Ag 2 S ).

2 Ag  H 2 S 
 Ag 2 S  H 2
Silver Hydrogen Silver Hydrogen
sulphide sulphide
( black )

18
 Long Answer Type Questions

39. On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper oxide (black), oxygen gas
and a brown gas X is formed.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.
(c) Identify the type of reaction.
(d) What could be the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas X?
Ans. (a) 2Cu ( NO3 ) 2 
Heat
 2CuO  O2  4 NO2
Copper Copper Oxygen Nitrogen
Nitrate oxide dioxide
( black ) ( brown )

(b) X is nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2).

(c) This is a thermal decomposition reaction.
(d) The aqueous solution of the gas is acidic because it is an oxide of a non-metal, so its pH range would be in
between 1 to 7.

40. Give the characteristic tests for the following gases.

(a) CO2 (b) SO2 (c) O2 (d) H2
Ans. (a) Test for CO2 gas (lime water test) When CO2 gas is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the
formation of insoluble calcium carbonate.
Ca(OH )2 (aq) CO2 
 CaCo3 ( s) H 2O
Lime water carbon Calcium Water
( colouress ) dioxide carbonate
( white )

If the gas is in excess, milkiness disappears due to the formation of soluble calcium bicarbonate.
CO  H 2O  CaCO3 
2  Ca( HCO3 )2
Carbon Calcium Calcium
dioxide carbonate carbonate
( so lub le )

(b) Test for SO2 gas

(i) Sulphur dioxide gas turns moist litmus paper from blue to red because SO, is acidic in
(ii) Sulphur dioxide gas turns acidified potassium dichromate (vi) solution from orange to green.
 Cr ( SO4 )3  K 2 SO4  H 2O
K 2Cr2O7  3SO2  H 2 SO4 
Potassium Chrorrium
dichromate sulphate

(c) Test for O2 gas When a wooden splinter is brought near the mouth of the gas jar containing oxygen gas, it
burns brightly as oxygen is the supporter of combustion.
C  O2 
 CO2  Heat  Light
Wood carbon
dioxide

(d) Test for K, gas Hydrogen gas burns in the presence of air or oxygen with a pop sound when a burning
candle is brought near it.

41. What happens when a piece of

(a) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
(b) aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
(c) silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
Also write the balanced chemical equation, if reaction occurs.
Ans. (a) Blue colour of CuSO4 (aq) Solution disappears

19
 Reason Zinc reacts with a copper sulphate to form colourless zinc sulphte solution and solid copper is
deposited fro, as Zn is more reactive than Cu, so, displaces Cu from CuSO4 solution

Zn( s ) CuSO4 (aq) 

 ZnSO4 (aq) Cu ( s )
Zinc copper Zinc Suphate copper
( grey ) su lphate ( colourless ) ( brown )
( blue )

(b) Hydrogen gas is evolved Reason Alumninum reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form aluminium
chloride and hydrogen gas.
2 Al ( s)  6 HCl (aq) 
 2 AlCl3 (aq) 3H 2 ( g )
Alu min ium Hydrochloric Alu min ium Hydrogen
acid chloride

(c) No reaction occurs

Reason Silver metal is less reactive than copper, therefore, it cannot displace copper from copper sulphate
solution.
Ag ( s) CuSO4 (aq) 
 No reaction
Silver Copper
sulphate

42. What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilutesolution of H 2 SO4 , HCl HNO3 Ha, HN03, NaCI
and NaOH , also write the chemical equations, if reaction occurs?
Ans. The reactions of zinc granules with various reagents are as follows
(i) Dilute H 2 SO4

Zn( s) H 2 SO4 (aq) 

 ZnSO4 (aq) H 2 ( g ) 
Zinc Sulphuric Zinc s ulphate Hydrogen
acid

(ii) Dilute HCl

Zn( s) 2 HCl (aq) 
 ZnCl2 (aq) H 2 ( g )
Zinc Hydrochloric Zinc chloride Hydrogen
acid

(iii) Dilute HNO3 is an oxidising acid therefore, its reaction with a metal (e.g., Zn) is different than other dilute
acids.
4Zn( s) 10 HNO3 (aq) 
 4Zn( NO3 ) 2 (aq)  NH 4 NO3 (aq) 3H 2O(l )
Zinc Nitric Zinc Ammonium nitrate Water
acid nitrate

(iv) NaCl solution Reaction does not take place

Zn( s) NaCl (aq) 
 No reaction
zinc Sodium chloride

(v) NaOH solution

Zn( s) 2 NaOH (aq) 
 Na 2 ZnO2  H 2 ( g )
zinc Sodium hudroxide Sodium
zincte

This hydrogen gas is evolved with H 2 SO4 , HCl and NaOH, nitrous oxide gas is evolved with dilute HNO3 and
no reaction takes place with NaCI solution.

43. On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite, white precipitate
is obtained.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
(b) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white precipitate disappears. Why?

20
Ans. (a) Na2 SO3 (aq) BaCl2 (aq) 
 BaSO3  2 NaCl (aq)
Sodium Barium Barium sodium
sulphate chloride sulphate chloride
(b) Double displacement reaction
(c) BaSO3 ( s ) 2 HCl (aq) 
 BaCl2 (aq)  H 2O(l ) SO2 ( g )
(White Hydrochloric Barium Water sulphur
ppt .) cid chloride dioxide
( dilute ) ( so lub le )

As the reaction product barium chloride is water soluble, the white precipitate disappears.

44. You are provided with two containers made up of copper and aluminium. You are also provided with
solutions of dilute HCI, dilute, ZnCl2 and H2O. In which of the containers these solutions can be kept?
Ans. The container made up of copper or aluminium is suitable for storing the given solutions, can be decided by
studying their reactions.
(i) Reactions of copper with
(a) Dilute HCI
Cu  diluteHCl  No reaction
So, it can be stored in Cu container.
(b) Dilute HNO3
Being a strong oxidizing agent, dilute HNO3 reacts with copper, so it cannot be stored in copper container.
Cu(s)  8HNO3 (dil )  3Cu( NO3 )2 (aq)  2 NO( g )  4H 2O(l ) (c) ZNCl2
Copper is less reactive than zinc so it does not react with ZNCl2 solution. Therefore, it can be stored in
copper container.
(d) H2O
Copper does not react with water. So, its container can store H2O in it. Thus, dil HCl, ZnCl2 solution and H2O
can be kept in copper vessel but dil, HNO3 cannot be kept in copper vessel.
(ii) Reactions of aluminium with
(a) Dilute HCl
Al reacts with dilute HCl, so it cannot be kept in aluminium container.
2 Al  6HCl  2 AlCl3  3H 2
(b) Dilute HNO3
When dil. HNO3 is kept in Al container, it forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide on it which makes it
passive towards action with acid, therefore, it can be kept in Al container.
(c) ZnCI2,
Al is more reactive than zinc, so it cannot keep ZnCI2 solution in it.
2 Al  3ZnCl2  2 AlCl3  3Zn
(d) H2O
Al does not react with H2O. So, its container can store H2O in it. Thus, dil. HNO3 and H2O (l) can be kept in
aluminium vessel but dil HCl and ZnCl2 solution cannot be kept in aluminium vessel.

21