Revise Your Concept : Conic Section P : 7

ELLIPSE AND HYPERBOLA (TANGENT - NORMAL)

x2 y2 xx1 yy1
1. (i) Equation of tangent at point (x1, y1 ) to ellipse   1 is   1 (i.e. T = 0)
a 2
b 2
a 2 b2

x2 y2 xx1 yy1
(ii) Equation of tangent at a point (x1, y1 ) to the hyperbola   1 is   1 (i.e. T = 0)
a 2
b 2
a 2 b2

x2 y2 x cos  y sin 
2. (i) Equation of tangent at a parametric point  to ellipse 2
 2
 1 is  1
a b a b

x2 y2 x sec y tan 
(ii) Equation of tangent at a parametric point  to hyperbola 2
 2
 1 is  1
a b a b
x2 y2
3. (i) Line y = mx + c touches the ellipse 2
  1 if c 2  a 2m2  b2
a b2

x2 y2
Thus y  mx  a 2 m 2  b 2 are tangents to the ellipse  1
a2 b2

x2 y2
(ii) line y = mx + c touches the hyperbola   1 if c 2  a 2m2  b2
a2 b2

x2 y2
Thus y  mx  2 2
a m b 2 are tangent to the hyperbola  1
a2 b2
4. How can we find the point of contact of tangent when a line touches an ellipse or a hyperbola?

Let the point of contact be  x1 , y1  . Write dwon equation of tangent at  x1 , y1  using T = 0, compare
it with given equation of tangent.
5. Equation of pair of tangents drawn from the point (x1, y1 ) to the ellipse S = 0 (or hyperbola
S = 0.
2
Method -1: SS1  T

Method -2: Let equation of tangent be y  mx  a 2 m 2  b 2 for ellipse,

 it passes through  x1 , y1   y1  mx1  a 2 m 2  b 2 . Solve it get the value of m.

So similar process for the hyperbola.

x2 y2
6. (i) Equation of director circle to the ellipse   1 , a> b is given by x2  y 2  a 2  b2
a2 b2

x2 y2
(ii) Equation of director circle to hyperbola 2
  1 is given by x 2  y 2  a2  b2 .
a b2
(Recall director circle)
7. Equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn from the point (x1, y1 ) to the ellipse S = 0 or hyperbola
S = 0 is T = 0
8. Equation of chord to the ellipse S = 0 or hyperbola S = 0 whose mid point is (x1, y1 ) is T = S1

Rishikesh Kumar's Target IITJEE Mathematics Classes

A-11, Sachiwalaya Colony, Near Kendriya Vidyalaya, Kankarbagh, Patna - 20
Revise Your Concept : Conic Section P : 8

x  x1 y  y1
x2 y2

9. (i) Equation of normal at a point (x1, y1 ) to the ellipse 2  2  1 is  x1   y1 
a b 2
a  b 
2

x  x1 y  y1
x2 y2

(ii) Equation of normal at a point (x1, y1 ) to hyperbola 2  2  1 is  x1   y1 
a b 2
 a   b 
2

x2 y2 ax by
10. (i) Equation of normal at parametric point  to the ellipse 2
  1 is   a2  b2
a b2 cos  sin 

x2 y2
(ii) Equation of normal at parametric point  to hyperbola 2
  1 is given by
a b2

ax by
  a 2  b2
sec  tan 

x2 y2
11. (i) Normal drawn at a point (x1, y1 ) to the ellipse   1 , a > b meets x-axis (or major
a2 b2

2

axis) at e x1 , 0 
x2 y2
(ii) Normal drawn at a point  x1, y1  to  meets x-axis (transverse axis) at
a 2 b2

x2 y2
12. (i) Equaton of chord joining two parametric points 1 and 2 on the ellipse 2
 1
a b2

x     y       
cos  1 2   sin  1 2   cos  1 2 
a  2  b  2   2 

x2 y2
(ii) Equaton of chord joining two parametric points 1 and 2 on the hyperbola  1
a2 b2

x     y        
cos  1 2   sin  1 2   cos  1 2 
a  2  b  2   2 

x2 y2
13. i. Point of intersection of tangents at parametric points 1 and 2 to the ellipse 2
  1 is
a b2

  1   2   1   2  
 a cos  2  b sin  2  
  ,  
 cos   1   2  cos   1   2  
     
  2   2  

x2 y 2
ii. Point of intersection of tangents at parametric point 1 & 2 to the hyperbola   1 is
a 2 b2

 a cos 1   2  b sin 1   2  

 
 2 , 2 
 cos 1   2  cos 1   2  
 
 2 2 

Rishikesh Kumar's Target IITJEE Mathematics Classes

A-11, Sachiwalaya Colony, Near Kendriya Vidyalaya, Kankarbagh, Patna - 20