Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

UNIT 6 [PART-3] prepared by - Yeshitila

GEOMETRY & Belete
TRIANGLES, QUADRILATERALS AND CIRCLES
CIRCLES
- A circle is a set (collection) of all points in a plane which are equidistant
from a given point (called the center ‘o’ of the circle).

Secant line

DEFINE
- A radius of a circle - A diameter of a circle - A secant line
- A chord of a circle - A tangent line
ANGLES IN A CIRCLE
- A central angle is an angle formed by A
two radii whose vertex lies at the center of the circle.
O 𝜃
x
- The measure of the central angle is equal to the y
Measure of the arc it intercepts. B

𝑚(∠𝐴𝑂𝐵) = 𝑚(𝐴𝑋𝐵̂)
𝜃=𝑥

- An angle inscribed in a circle is an angle formed by two chords

whose vertex lies on the circle.
- The measure of an angle inscribed in a circle is half the measure
of the arc subtending it. A
1
𝑚(∠𝐴𝐶𝐵) = 𝑚(𝐴𝑋𝐵) ̂
2 C 𝜃 x
𝑥
𝜃=
2 B

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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 is inscribed in arc ACB A

Arc AXB subtends ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 C x
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 intercepts arc AXB
B

An angle insciibed in a circle is

A semi-circle right angle

A minor arc obtuse angle

A major arc Acute angle

Q.1) In the figure, (∠𝐴𝐶𝐵) = 35𝑜 and o is the center of the circle.
Find 𝑚(∠𝐴0𝐵)
A

C o

- Parallel lines intercept congruent arcs on the same circle.

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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

- A tangent-Chord Angle
The measure of an angle formed by a chord and a tangent line to the circle is
half the measure of the arc they intercept. A
1
𝑚(∠𝐴𝐶𝐵) = 𝑚(𝐴𝑋𝐶 ̂)
2 x
𝑥 y
𝜃=
2
𝜃
C
Q.2) In the figure, AB // CD, CD is tangent at C and 𝑚(∠𝐵𝐴𝐶) = 52𝑜 .
Find 𝑚(∠𝐴𝐶𝐵) B
A
o M
N
- A Chord-Chord Angle
C
The measure of an angle formed by two chords intersecting inside the circle is
half the sum of the measure of the arc subtending the angle and its vertically
opposite angle. x
A
1 C
𝑚(∠𝐴𝑃𝐶) = [𝑚(𝐴𝑥𝐶 ̂ ) + 𝑚(𝐷𝑦𝐵
̂ )]
2
𝜃
𝑥+𝑦
𝜃= P
2
D y B
̂ ) = 30𝑜 .
Q.3) In the figure, (∠𝐴𝑃𝐶) = 50𝑜 and 𝑚(𝐷𝑁𝐵
̂)
Find 𝑚(𝐴𝑀𝐶 M
A
C

P
D N B
- In a circle, Congruent chords intercept congruent arcs
̂ ) = 𝑚(𝐶𝑋𝐷
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝐷 ⟺ 𝑚(𝐴𝑌𝐵 ̂) A C x

y
D

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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

Q.4) In the figure, BD is the diameter of the circle. If AB = CD

C
̂ ) = 50𝑜
and 𝑚(𝐶𝑋𝐷 x
A D
Find 𝑚(∠𝐴𝐵𝐷)
y

- A Secant-Secant Angle
The measure of an angle formed by two secant lines intersecting outside the
circle is half the difference of the measure of the arcs they intercept.
1 B
𝑚(∠𝑃) = [𝑚(𝐵𝑋𝐷 ̂ ) − 𝑚(𝐴𝑦𝐶 ̂ )]
2
𝑥−𝑦
x
𝜃= A
2 y
𝜃 D
P C

̂ ) = 150𝑜 ,
Q.5) In the figure, If 𝑚(∠𝑃) = 30𝑜 and 𝑚(𝐵𝑀𝐷
̂)
find 𝑚(𝐴𝑁𝐶 B
M
A
N
P C D

- A Secant-Tangent Angle
The measure of an angle formed by a secant and a tangent line intersecting
outside the circle is half the difference of the measure of the arcs they intercept.
1
𝑚(∠𝑃) = [𝑚(𝐴𝑥𝐶 ̂ ) − 𝑚(𝐴𝑦𝐵 ̂ )] A
2
𝑥−𝑦
𝜃= y
x
2 𝜃
P
B
C

Q.6) In the figure, ̅̅̅̅

𝑃𝐴 is tangent to the circle at A. A
If 𝑚(∠𝑃) = 45𝑜 and 𝑚(𝐴𝐷𝐶 ̂ ) = 150𝑜 ,
D
̂)
find 𝑚(𝐴𝐸𝐵 E
P
B
C
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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

- A Tangent-Tangent Angle
The measure of an angle formed by two tangent lines intersecting outside the
circle is half the difference of the measure of the arcs they intercept.
1 A
𝑚(∠𝑃) = [𝑚(𝐴𝑥𝐵 ̂ ) − 𝑚(𝐴𝑦𝐵 ̂ )]
2
x
𝑥−𝑦 y
𝜃= P 𝜃
2

B
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑃𝐵
Q.7) In the figure, 𝑃𝐴 ̂ ) = 240𝑜 , find 𝑚(∠𝑃)
̅̅̅̅ are tangents. If 𝑚(𝐴𝐷𝐵

D
E
P

PRODUCT PROPERTIES OF A CIRCLE

i. If two chords intersect inside a circle, then the product of the lengths of
the segments on one chord is equal to the product of the lengths of the
segments on the other chord.
𝑚
𝐴𝑃 × 𝑃𝐵 = 𝐶𝑃 × 𝑃𝐷 𝑛
C 𝑘
𝑟
𝑚𝑟 = 𝑘𝑛

Q.8) In the figure, AP = 2 cm, PB = 6 cm, PD = 4 cm. Find the length of CP

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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

ii. If a tangent line and a secant line intersect outside a circle, then the square
of the length of the tangent line is equal to the product of the length of the
segment of the secant outside the circle and the length of the secant.

𝑃𝐴2 = 𝑃𝐵 × 𝑃𝐶 A
𝑚
𝑚2 = 𝑛(𝑛 + 𝑘)
P 𝑛
𝑘
B
C

Q.9) In the figure, PA is tangent at A, PB = 3 cm, BC = 9 cm.

Find the length of PA A

P
B
C

iii. If two secant lines intersect outside a circle, then the product of the length
of the segment of the secant outside the circle and the length of the secant
on one secant is equal to the product of the length of the segment of the
secant outside the circle and the length of the secant on the other secant.

𝑃𝐴 × 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑃𝐶 × 𝑃𝐷

𝑚(𝑚 + 𝑟) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 𝑘) B

P C D

Q.10) In the figure, AB = 8 cm, CD = 2 cm, PC = 6 cm.

Find the length of PA
B

P C D

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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

iv. The lengths of tangent lines from a point outside the circle are equal.
A
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃𝐵
𝑚=𝑛
P

B
Q.11) In the figure, PA and PB are tangents at A and B respectively and
o is the center of the circle of radius 3 cm and PO = 5 cm,
find the length of the tangent line.
[Tangent line is perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency.]
A

o
P

EXERCISE
1. In the figure, O is the center of the circle. If m(<OAC) = 30o, then
m(<ABC) is equal to A

O B

C
2. O is the center of the circle m ( B𝑂̂C ) = 100 and m (D𝐴̂B) = 800
0

m(D𝐶̂ O) = _____ A

B
O
D

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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

3. In the figure, ̅̅̅̅

𝑃𝐴 is tangent to circle O. If PB = 5 cm, DC = 3 cm, CE = 9 cm
and AC = 18 cm, then PA is equal to D

O
B E
C
P
A

4. In the figure, O is the center of the circle and PA is tangent at A.

̂ ) = 𝑥 𝑜 , 𝑚(𝐵𝐶
m( 𝐴𝐵 ̂ ) = (2𝑥)𝑜 and 𝑚(𝐴𝐶 ̂ ) = (3𝑥)𝑜 A
What is the measure of the 𝑚(𝑃̂)?
(3𝑥)𝑜 𝑥𝑜
O P
B
C
(2𝑥)𝑜

5. In the figure, 𝑚(𝐴𝐹̂ 𝐸) = 40𝑜 and 𝑚(𝐶̂ ) = 30𝑜 .

Find the measure of arc AXE and arc BYD
A
B
C
X o. F Y
D
E

6. In the circle, O is the center. If 𝑚(∠𝐵𝐴𝐶) = 70𝑜 ,𝑚(∠𝐷𝐶𝐸) = 50𝑜 and

𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷, then 𝑚(∠𝐷𝐵𝐶) = ______ B

E C
A
O

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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

7. 0 is the center of the circle. If m(<BAD) = 36o, m(<DBC) = 52 and

m(<DPC) = 98o, then m(<ADC) = ______
A B
O .
P

C D

8. In the figure, find the values of x and y

6
x
3
y 5

9. In the figure, o is the center of the circle AP = 4 cm, PB = 5 cm and PC = 2 cm.

Find the value of PO.

O
A
P

C
B

10. In the figure, find the values of x and y

4
x
2
4
5
y

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Lideta catholic Cathedral School Grade 10 Mathematics

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Unit 6 [PART-3]

ANSWER SHEET

Name _______________________________ Grade 10 ____ Number _____

EXERCISE

Q.1) ______ Q.7) ______ 1. _____ 6. _____

Q.2) ______ Q.8) ______ 2. _____ 7. _____

Q.3) ______ Q.9) ______ 3. _____ 8. _____

Q.4) ______ Q.10) ______ 4. _____ 9. _____

Q.5) ______ Q.11) ______ 5. _____ 10. _____

Q.6) ______

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