IB DP Maths 4 hours 31 questions

2.1Linear Functions &

Graphs
2.1.1 Equations of a Straight Line

Medium (11 questions) /81

Total Marks /223

/76 Hard (10 questions)

/66 Very Hard (10 questions)

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Medium Questions
1 (a)
The equation of a line l1 is 2x − y + 6

= 0. For the line l find:

1

(i) the y -intercept

(ii) the x -intercept

(iii) the gradient.

(3 marks)

(b) A new line, l2, intersects the x -axis at (4, 0) and is perpendicular to l1.

Find

: (i)
gradient of the line l2
the

(ii)
the equation of the line l Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0,
2
where
a, b and d are integers.

(3 marks)

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2 (a) The coordinates of point A are (2, 8) and the coordinates of point B are (−8,
2) . M is the midpoint of ⎢⎣AB ⎥⎦ .

Find the coordinates of M.

(2 marks)

(b) The line l1 passes through A and

B. Find the gradient of l 1 .

(2 marks)

(c) Find the equation of the line l1 . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d =
0, where
a, b and d are integers.

(3 marks)

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3 (a) The coordinates of point A are (1, 7) and the coordinates of point B are (5,
5) . M is the midpoint of ⎢⎣AB ⎥⎦ .

Find the coordinates of M.

(2 marks)

(b) The line l1 passes through the points A and B.

Find the equation of l1. Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c.

(2 marks)

(c) A new line, l2 , is the perpendicular bisector to l1 .

Find the equation of l2. Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

(3 marks)

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4 (a) Plumber A charges a fixed fee of $25 plus $15 per hour.

Using t for the number of hours a job takes, and CA for the total cost of a job,
in dollars, from Plumber A, write down an equation connecting t and CA .

(2 marks)

(b) A job takes the plumber seven hours.

Calculate the total cost of the job.

(2 marks)

(c) Plumber B charges a fixed fee of $20 plus $16 per hour.

Using t for the number of hours a job takes, and CB for the total cost of a job,
in dollars, from Plumber B, write down an equation connecting t and CB .

(2 marks)

(d) Determine which plumber would be the cheapest for a job taking six hours.

(3 marks)

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5 (a) The diagram below shows the line l1 , which intersects the y -axis and the x-
at A(0,10)
axis at B(5,0) .

Find the equation of l1 . Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

(2 marks)

(b) Find the length of [AB].

(2 marks)

(c) A second line, l2 is parallel to l1 and intersects the x -axis at C(8,0) .

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 Find the equation of l2 Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where
a, b and d
are integers.

(2 marks)

(d) Find the coordinates where l2 intersects the y-axis.

(1 mark)

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6 (a) Photocopy shop A charges $122 for 115 copies, and $190 for 200

copies. Assuming a linear relationship, find

(i) the price for 180 copies

(ii) how many copies could be made for $385.20.

(4 marks)

(b) Photocopy shop B charges $0.82 per copy and a fixed fee of $25.50.

State which photocopy shop is cheaper to make 220 copies.

(3 marks)

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7 (a) A family can be supplied with electricity by two companies that have
different pricing structures:

Company A: Fixed fee of $25/month and $0.2 per kWh consumed.

Company B: Fixed fee of $10/month and $0.22 per kWh

consumed.

Determine the equation of the cost function for both companies, where the
total monthly cost y is a function of the monthly electricity consumption x
in kWh.

(2 marks)

(b) Calculate the monthly energy consumption that results in the same
monthly cost from both companies.

(4 marks)

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8 (a) Ardie’s monthly expenditure, C (x), is a linear function of his monthly
income, x . Ardie’s monthly expenditure is $1000 when his monthly income is
$1200 and his monthly expenditure increases by $60 for every $150 increase
in his monthly income.

Write an expression connecting Ardie’s monthly expenditure, C (x), with his

monthly income, x .

(2 marks)

(b) Calculate Ardie’s monthly expenditure when his monthly income is $1885.
Give your answer to the nearest dollar.

(2 marks)

(c) Find Ardie’s monthly income when his monthly expenditure is $1070. Give
your answer to the nearest dollar.

(2 marks)

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9 (a) The diagram below represents a mountain with a west facing slope and an
east facing slope labelled W and E respectively.

Horizontal scale: 1 unit represents 100 m.

Vertical scale: 1 unit represents 100 m.

Find the gradient of the west facing slope.

(1 mark)

3
(b) The gradient of the east facing slope in the diagram is − .
10
Find the total distance to hike over the mountain in km.

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 (6 marks)

(c) Suggest a reason as to why the actual total distance hiked may be
greater than the distance found in part (b).

(1 mark)

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10 (a)
The straight lines l1 and l2 are shown in the diagram below l1 intercepts the
x -axis at (17, 0) and the y -axis at (0,17) and l2 intercepts the x -axis at
(2, 0) and the y -axis at (0, − 1) .

Giving your answer in the form y = mx + c, find:

(i)
the
equation of l1

(ii) the equation of l 2.

(4 marks)

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(b) Find the area of the shaded region.

(4 marks)

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11 (a) A line passing through the origin O , is perpendicular to a line with
equation
x + y = 16.
The two lines meet at point R . P is a point on (OR) such that OP : PR = 3 : 1.

Find the equation of the perpendicular line and hence, the co-ordinates of point
R.

(3 marks)

(b) Find the coordinates of P.

(2 marks)

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Hard Questions
1 (a) The diagram below shows the line l with the equation 2x − 4y + 6 = 0.

Point P has coordinates (−1,5) point Q has coordinates (7, 5) and point R
has coordinates (3, 3) . M is the midpoint of [PQ].

Write down the coordinates of M.

(1 mark)

(b) Show that Q lies on l.

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 (2 marks)

(c) Show that R lies on l.

(2 marks)

(d) Find the area of PQR.

(2 marks)

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2 (a) The line l1 passes through the points (1, 7) and (5, 5) .

Find the equation of l1 . Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

(2 marks)

(b) A new line, l2 , is perpendicular to l1 and passes through the

point (4, 8) . Find the equation of l 2 . Give your answer in the

form of y = mx + c .

(2 marks)

(c) The point Z is the intersection of l1 and l2 .

Find the coordinates of Z.

(2 marks)

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3 (a) Point A has coordinates (x, 4) and point B has coordinates (9, y) . M is the
midpoint of
⎢⎣AB ⎥⎦ and has coordinates (−2, 7) .

Find the value of x and y.

(3 marks)

(b) The line l1 passes through A and B.

Find the equation of l 1 . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where

a, b and d
are integers.

(2 marks)

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4 (a) The line l1 passes through A (−3, − 5) and B(−1, − 7) .

Find the equation of l1. Give your answer in the form y = mx + c.

(2 marks)

(b) Point C is such that B is the midpoint of ⎢⎣AC ⎥⎦ .

Find the coordinates of C.

(2 marks)

(c) Point D is such that C is the midpoint of ⎢⎣AD ⎥⎦ .

Find the coordinates of D.

(2 marks)

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5
(a)
Point A has coordinates (11, 12) and point B has coordinates (4, − 8) . The line
l
1
passes through M, the midpoint of ⎢⎣AB ⎥⎦ . The gradient of l is −2.
1

Write down the equation of l1, giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

(3 marks)

(b) The line l2 passes through A and has a gradient of 5.

Write down the equation of l2, giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

(1 mark)

(c) Point C is the intersection of l1 and l2.

Write down the coordinates of C, giving the x and y coordinates as fractions.

(2 marks)

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6 (a) Finn borrows $3200 from his parents and decides to pay them back $c in the
first month and then $m each subsequent month.

After two months Finn has paid back his parents a total of $1000, this can
be expressed as m + c = 1000. After half a year he still owes his parents
$1000.

Write down another equation connecting m and c.

(2 marks)

(b) Find the value of m and c.

(2 marks)

(c) Finn’s parents apply a 6.25% net interest to the $3200 total.

Calculate the number of months it takes Finn to pay back his parents.

(2 marks)

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7 (a) The linel1 has the equation 5y − 2x + 1 = 0. Point A has coordinates (x,
3) and is the intersection of l1 and l2 . l2 is perpendicular to l 1 .

Write down the equation of l2, giving your answer in the form y = mx + c.

(3 marks)

(b) Point B lies onl2 and is positioned such that AB is 12 units and the x -
coordinate for B is less than the x -coordinate for A.

Find the coordinates of B.

(5 marks)

8 The points K(6, y) and N(x, 9) lie on the line l1 where x

, y ∈ℤ . KN has a length of 5 units.

Find all the possible values for x and y .

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 (8 marks)

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9 (a) Point A has coordinates (2, 1) , point B has coordinates (5, 7) , and
point C has coordinates (8, 1).

Calculate the length of AC.

(2 marks)

(b) Point D lies on the line (AC) . The line (BD) is perpendicular to the line (AC).

Find the coordinates of D.

(3 marks)

(c) Calculate the area of the triangle ABC.

(3 marks)

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10 (a) The distance between points P(20, 40) and Q(x, 20) is equal to 25 units.

Find the possible values of x.

(3 marks)

(b) It is given that x < 20.

Point R is such that point Q is the midpoint of the line segment with endpoints

P and R. Write down the coordinates of R.

(3 marks)

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Very Hard Questions
1 (a) A cat breeder is measuring the rate at which a kitten grows by
measuring its “back- length”, which is the distance from the base of the
neck to the base of the tail.
At 1 week old the kitten measured 2.42 cm. 8 weeks later the kitten’s back
length had doubled.

Using a linear model, find an equation linking , the kitten’s “back-length” in

centimetres, to x , the age of the kitten in weeks.

(3 marks)

(b) Find the kitten’s “back-length” at birth.

(1 mark)

(c) Use the model to find the age, in weeks, of the kitten that has a “back-length”
of 7 cm.

(1 mark)

(d) This breed of cat is fully grown after 50 weeks.

Find the cat’s “back-length” at 50 weeks.

(1 mark)

(e) Comment on the suitability of the linear model used.

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 (2 marks)

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2 (a) Point P has coordinates (6, − 2) , R has coordinates (−2, 2) . The equation of
the line PQ is y = − 2 and the equation of the line QR is y = 2x + 6 .

Find the coordinates of point Q.

(2 marks)

(b) Find the distance of PQ and QR.

(3 marks)

(c) Find the area of triangle PQR.

(2 marks)

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3 (a) Point P has coordinates (4, 2) and point Q has coordinates (1, 8). l1 is the
perpendicular bisector of [PQ].

Find the equation of l1, giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

(4 marks)

(b) l2 passes through Q and has a gradient of −3.

Find the equation of l2, giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

(2 marks)

(c) Point C lies on l2 and has a negative x coordinate. The length of QC is 14 units.

Find the coordinates of C.

(4 marks)

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4 (a) Point A has coordinates (0, y ) , l passes through points A and B and has the
1
equation
4x − 3y − 3 = 0. The length of [AB] is 10
units. Find the possible coordinates of

point B.

(3 marks)

(b) l2 passes through points C and D, is parallel to l1 and crosses the x -axis

when x = 5. Write down the equation of l2. Give your answer in the form ax

+ by + d = 0, where a, b
and d are integers.

(2 marks)

(c) Point C has coordinates (x, 4) and CD is half the

length of AB. Find the possible coordinates of point D.

(3 marks)

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5 (a) The line l1 passes through A(10, − 12) and B(5, 2)

Find the equation of l 1 . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where

a, b and d
are integers.

(2 marks)

(b) The line l2 passes through M, the midpoint of [AB] and has a gradient of 7.

Find the equation of l 2 . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where

a, b and d
are integers.

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 (3 marks)

(c) Point C lies on l2 such that MC has a length of 12 units.

Find the possible coordinates of C.

(5 marks)

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6 (a) Carpenter A charges a fixed fee of $28 plus $22.50 per hour. The carpenter
then charges tax on top of the total cost of 21%.

Defining suitable variables, write down an equation to represent the charges,

including tax, made by the carpenter.

(2 marks)

(b) Carpenter B charges a fixed fee of $35 and $26.50 per hour. These
prices already account for tax.

Find the number of hours for which both carpenters charge the same amount.

(4 marks)

(c) Tom needs a job doing by a carpenter that he estimates will take 8.5 hours.
Carpenter C has given Tom a fixed quote of $250.

Determine which carpenter would be the cheapest option for Tom.

(2 marks)

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7 (a) The line l1 has equation 6x + 4y − 21= 0 and crosses the x -axis at point A(p, 0)
.

Find the value of p.

(1 mark)

(b) The line l2 is perpendicular to l1 and crosses the x -axis at B(3p, 0) .

Write down the equation of l2. Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0,
where a, b
and d are integers.

(2 marks)

(c) l2 crosses the y -axis at point C.

Find the area of the triangle OAC, where O is the origin. Give your answer as a
fraction.

(5 marks)

8 The points A(x, − and B(−1, lie on the line l1 where x, y ∈ ℤ. AB has a
5) y) length
of 13 units.

Find all the possible x and y values.

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 (8 marks)

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9 (a) A quadrilateral has four vertices with coordinates
A( − 1, − 1), B(2,2), C(4,2), D( − 1, − 3) .

Show that [AB] and [CD] are parallel.

(1 mark)

(b) Calculate the distance of

(i) AB.

(ii) CD.

(3 marks)

(c) Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD.

(4 marks)

10 The point F(−2, 4) lies on the line l1 . l1 crosses the y -axis at point G.

Another line, l , is perpendicular to l at the point F and crosses the y -axis at

2 1
the point
H(0, − 3) .

Find the area of the triangle GFH. Give your answer as a fraction.

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 (6 marks)

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