Addition Integers

[All natural numbers + 0 + negative Division

When integers are of
(a) like sign of counting numbers]
(i) 27 + 3 = 30
(ii) –27 + (–3) = – (27 + 3) = –30 When the dividend and divisor
- - - - - - - - - - - - – 4, –3, –2, –1, 0 , 1, 2, 3, 4, - - - - - - - - - are of unlike signs , the quotient is negative
(b) unlike sign other wise positive , If a and b are ( + ve)
Negative integers Positive integers
(i) –27+ (3) = – 24 (sign of bigger Neither positive then
absolute value) Nor negative (i) (-a) ÷ b = – (a ÷ b)
(ii) 27 + (–3) = 24 (–6) ÷ 3 = –(6 ÷ 3) = – 2
Multiplication (ii) a ÷ (–b) = – (a ÷ b)
Subtraction 15 ÷ (–5)= –(15 ÷ 5) = ÷ 3
(iii) (–a) ÷ (–b) = – (a ÷ b)
b - (a) = b + (-a) When integers are (–4) ÷ (–2)= (4 ÷ 2) = 2
b - (-a) = b + (+a) (a) of unlike sign: product is negative
(iv) 8÷ 4 = 2
eg : (i) 27-3= 24 a × (– b) = –(a × b) eg . 2 × (– 6) = –12
(–a) × (b) = –(a × b) eg .(– 2) × ( 6) = –12
(ii) -27 - (-3) = - 27 + 3 = – 24 Properties :
(b) of like sign: product is positive
(iii) 27 –(-3) = 27 + 3 = 30
a × b = a × b eg : 2 × 5 = 10
(iv) –3 –(-27) = -3 + 27 = 24 (–a) × (–b) = a × b (–2) × (–5) = 10
(v) –27 –(3) = –27–3 = –30 (i) a ÷ o = not integer [Not closed]
(ii) If a ¹ o then a ÷ a = 1 ; 3 ÷ 3 = 1
Properties of addition and a÷1=a;3÷1=3
subtraction of Integers a ÷ (–a) = (–a) ÷ a = –1
Properties : If a, b and c are integers a ÷ (–1) = –a
(i) Closure property a÷a=0
(i) Closer property : a and b are two integers :-
then (a + b) and (a – b) are also integers a × b = integer eg : (-3) × 10 = –30
(ii) Commutative
(ii) Commutative property
a × b = b ×a Operation precedence [BODMAS]
(a) a + b = b + a eg : 3 + 4 = 4 + 3 = 7 ; -3 + 4 = 4 + (-3) = 1 I. (bar)
eg : (-50) × 2 = 2 × (-50) = 100
(b) a – b = b – a eg : –3 –(4) = –7 ; 4 –(–3) = 4 + 3 = 7 I. – B®Brackets II. ( ) (small)
II. – O®Of III. { } (curly)
(iii) Associative property (iii) Associative
III. – D®Division Vi [ ] (big)
(a) (a + b) + c = a + (b+c) (a × b) × c = a × (b × c) IV. – M®Multiplication
eg :[(–3) + (–9)] + 17 = (–12) + 17 = 5 eg : - 1 × (3 × 2) = -6 (-1 ×3) × 2 = -6 V. – A®Addition done
(–3) + [(–9) + 17] = (–3) + 8 = 5 VI. – S®Subatract simultaneously
(b) (a – b) – c / a – (b – c) (iv) 1 is multiplicative identity ie 1 × a = a × a
eg :[(–3) – (–9)] – 17 = 6 – 17 = – 11 1 × a = a × 1 = a : eg : 6 × 1 = 1 × 6 = 6
(–3) – [(–9) –(17)] = –3 – [–26] = –3 + 26 = 23
(v) for integer a : a × 0 = 0 × a = 0 eg : 500 × 0 = 0
(iv) Additive identity
a + 0 =0 + a =a [o is additive identify] (vi) a × -1 = ( - 1) × a = – a eg : (–3) × 1 = (–3) = 3
eg : 3 + 0 = 0 + 3 = 3
(vi) Distributive property
(v) Additive inverse
a × ( b × c) = a × b + a × c ; a × (b – c) = a × b – a × c
a + (–a) = (–a) + a = 0 [ a additive inverse (–a) ] 3 × [4 + 5] = 3 × 4 + 3 × 5 3 × [4 – 5] = 3 × 4 – 3 × 5
eg : 3 + (–3) = (–3) + 3 = 0