Professional practice 10

Assignment no. 03
KETKI NALAWADE 24
0.1 Different types of corporations in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai and their
roles.

1. Municipal Corporations (Local Governance Bodies)

These corporations are responsible for civic administration, infrastructure, and public
services.

A. Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC)

• Governs Mumbai and is India's richest municipal corporation.

• Responsible for:
o Water Supply & Sanitation – Ensures drinking water availability, sewage
treatment, and sanitation.
o Waste Management – Handles garbage collection, segregation, and
disposal.
o Roads & Transportation – Maintains roads, bridges, and footpaths.
o Health & Hospitals – Runs municipal hospitals, dispensaries, and healthcare
programs.
o Education – Manages public schools and colleges under its jurisdiction.
o Urban Planning – Implements policies for zoning, land use, and
construction approvals.

B. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC)

• Governs Navi Mumbai, handling urban planning, infrastructure, and civic services.
• Responsibilities include:
o Solid Waste Management – Maintains cleanliness, garbage collection, and
waste processing plants.
o Public Transport & Roads – Ensures good road connectivity and transport
infrastructure.
o Stormwater Drainage & Sewage Management – Prevents waterlogging and
maintains drainage systems.
o Public Health & Education – Operates municipal hospitals, dispensaries,
and public schools.

2. Development Authorities (Urban & Industrial Planning)

These organizations handle large-scale planning, infrastructure, and industrial growth.

A. Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)

 • Develops major infrastructure projects across the Mumbai Metropolitan Region
(MMR).
• Key responsibilities:
o Metro Rail Projects – Oversees Mumbai Metro expansion.
o Road & Highway Development – Constructs and maintains highways,
expressways, and flyovers.
o Township Planning – Designs and executes urban expansion projects.
o Affordable Housing Projects – Develops housing for low-income groups.

B. City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO)

• Develops Navi Mumbai as a planned satellite city.

• Responsibilities include:
o Land Acquisition & Town Planning – Develops residential, commercial, and
industrial zones.
o Infrastructure Development – Builds roads, bridges, and utility networks.
o Housing Projects – Constructs affordable and premium housing.
o Navi Mumbai Metro – Develops metro rail connectivity within Navi Mumbai.

3. Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and Industrial Authorities

These corporations focus on economic and industrial development.

A. Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT)

• India’s largest container port located in Navi Mumbai.

• Functions:
o Handles cargo shipping and international trade.
o Improves port infrastructure with better terminals and logistics.
o Supports economic growth by facilitating import-export businesses.

B. Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC)

• Develops industrial hubs across Maharashtra, including areas in Navi Mumbai.

• Key responsibilities:
o Providing Industrial Land & Facilities – Allocates land for factories and
businesses.
o Developing Industrial Zones – Establishes manufacturing and IT parks.
o Ensuring Infrastructure – Supplies power, water, and transport facilities for
industries.

4. Transport & Utility Corporations

These corporations manage transportation, electricity, and public utilities.

A. Brihanmumbai Electric Supply & Transport (BEST)

• Public transport provider in Mumbai.

• Key services:
 o Operates city buses and electric buses for public transport.
o Supplies electricity to certain parts of Mumbai.

B. Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC)

• Provides intercity bus services connecting Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, and other parts
of Maharashtra.
• Ensures affordable transport for commuters.

C. Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation (MMRC)

• Develops and operates the Mumbai Metro network.

• Expands metro connectivity for faster urban transport.

D. Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation (MRVC)

• Enhances Mumbai’s suburban railway network.

• Works on projects like:
o Increasing train frequencies.
o Modernizing railway stations.
o Adding new railway corridors.

5. Law & Order Agencies

These authorities ensure safety, law enforcement, and security.

A. Mumbai Police

• Maintains law and order in Mumbai.

• Manages traffic control, crime prevention, and emergency response.

B. Navi Mumbai Police

• Ensures safety and security in Navi Mumbai.

• Works on cybercrime, road safety, and community policing.

6. Environmental & Regional Development Bodies

Organizations responsible for environmental sustainability and eco-friendly projects.

A. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB)

• Regulates pollution control in industries, air, and water resources.

• Implements environmental laws in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai.

B. Mangrove Cell & Coastal Zone Management Authority

• Protects mangrove forests in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai.

• Regulates coastal development to prevent ecological damage.
Conclusion

Mumbai and Navi Mumbai have multiple corporations and authorities managing various
aspects of governance, infrastructure, economy, and law enforcement. Municipal
corporations (BMC & NMMC) handle civic services, MMRDA & CIDCO focus on urban
development, while JNPT & MIDC drive industrial growth. Transport bodies like BEST,
MSRTC, and MMRC ensure mobility, and law enforcement agencies maintain safety.
Together, these organizations ensure the efficient management of both cities.

02. Difference between Municipal council and municipal Corporation explain

in detail.
Below is a table summarizing the differences between a Municipal Corporation and a
Municipal Council:

Aspect Municipal Corporation Municipal Council

- Serves large metropolitan
- Governs smaller towns or mid-
areas with high populations and
Jurisdiction and sized urban areas with lower
extensive geographical
Size populations and limited
boundaries (e.g., Mumbai,
geographic spread.
Delhi).
- Features a complex structure
with an elected Mayor, an - Has a simpler framework typically
Administrative
appointed Municipal headed by a Chairperson/President
Structure and
Commissioner, and multiple with fewer elected councillors and
Leadership
wards represented by wards.
councillors.
- Responsible for
comprehensive urban - Focuses on providing essential
management: urban planning, civic services: water supply, street
Powers and sanitation, public health, lighting, sanitation, local road
Responsibilities education, transportation, maintenance, etc. - Operates under
environmental management, etc. a Municipal Council/Nagar Palika
- Operates under a dedicated Act.
Municipal Corporation Act.
- Accesses a diverse revenue
- Relies on limited revenue sources
base (property tax, professional
Revenue (primarily property taxes and
tax, advertisement fees, grants,
Generation and grants) resulting in a smaller
etc.) and enjoys greater fiscal
Fiscal Autonomy budget that restricts the scope of
autonomy for large-scale
projects and services.
projects.
- Involves multi-layered
Decision-Making - Features a more streamlined
decision-making with
and decision-making process due to a
coordination among various
Implementation simpler administrative hierarchy,
committees, departments, and
 Aspect Municipal Corporation Municipal Council
state agencies, enabling the focusing primarily on essential
execution of complex urban services and smaller-scale projects.
projects.

This table outlines the key distinctions in jurisdiction, structure, powers, fiscal capacity,
and decision-making processes between the two types of urban local bodies.

0.3 How many wards in Mumbai with Maps.

Mumbai has 24 administrative wards, which are further divided into 227 civic electoral
wards. You can find maps of Mumbai's wards on the following websites:

• Disaster Management (MCGM): Provides ward maps for Mumbai

• Open City: Provides a map of Mumbai's wards and a map of Navi Mumbai's
wards

Explanation

• The 24 administrative wards in Mumbai are named alphabetically from Ward A to

Ward T
• The 227 civic electoral wards are also known as constituencies.
• The Municipal Corporation of Brihan Mumbai (BMC) was established in 1888.
The BMC has 227 councillors who are directly elected in ward elections. It also
has five nominated councillors.
0.4 What Is Nagar Panchayat.
1. Definition

• A Nagar Panchayat is a type of urban local government in India that governs

areas transitioning from rural to urban.
• It is also referred to as a Town Panchayat or Notified Area Council in some
states.
• This body is formed when a village or rural area starts developing urban
characteristics but is not yet large enough to be classified as a Municipal Council
(Nagar Palika).

2. Purpose

• To manage the administration of small towns and semi-urban areas that are
growing in population and infrastructure.
• To ensure that these areas receive basic civic services and amenities like
urbanized regions.
• To facilitate the smooth transition from rural governance to urban governance as
the town expands.

3. Governance Structure

• A Nagar Panchayat is headed by an elected Chairperson (President).

• The administrative body consists of elected councillors from different wards of
the town.
• The exact structure and number of representatives may vary according to state-
specific laws.
• It operates under state government guidelines but has autonomy in local
administration.

4. Key Functions

A Nagar Panchayat is responsible for providing basic public services and infrastructure,
including:

A. Civic Amenities

• Water Supply: Ensuring access to clean drinking water.

• Sanitation: Managing drainage, public toilets, and sewerage systems.
• Street Lighting: Installing and maintaining streetlights for public safety.
• Waste Management: Handling garbage collection and disposal.

B. Infrastructure Development

• Roads and Transport: Constructing and maintaining local roads, footpaths, and
minor bridges.
• Public Spaces: Maintaining markets, parks, and community centres.
C. Town Planning & Regulation

• Land Use Management: Regulating construction, approving building plans, and

preventing illegal encroachments.
• Trade and Licensing: Issuing trade licenses for small businesses, markets, and
hawkers.

D. Social & Welfare Services

• Healthcare Services: Running dispensaries, primary health centres, and awareness

programs.
• Education: Supporting schools and literacy programs, especially for
underprivileged sections.
• Public Safety: Assisting in fire safety measures, disaster management, and local
policing (if applicable).

5. Legal Framework

• A Nagar Panchayat functions under state municipal laws, such as the Municipal
Act of the respective state.
• It follows policies and regulations set by the State Government and sometimes
receives guidance from the Central Government for urban development
programs.

6. Revenue Sources

To fund its activities, a Nagar Panchayat generates revenue through:

• Taxes: Property tax, water tax, and sanitation charges.

• Grants: Financial assistance from the State Government and Central Government.
• Fees & Charges: Trade licenses, building plan approvals, and market fees.

7. Comparison with Other Urban Bodies

Municipal Council
Feature Nagar Panchayat Municipal Corporation
(Nagar Palika)
Small Towns/Semi- Medium-sized towns
Size of Area Large metropolitan cities
urban & cities
10,000 - 25,000
Population 25,000 - 1,00,000+ 1,00,000+
(approx.)
Services Basic Civic Moderate Urban Extensive Urban
Provided Amenities Services Infrastructure
Chairperson & Elected Mayor & Mayor, Municipal
Governance
Councillors Councillors Commissioner & Council

8. Role in Urban Development

• A Nagar Panchayat prepares the area for future urbanization.

 • It ensures that basic civic services and infrastructure are in place before the area
is upgraded to a Municipal Council.
• Many small towns, as they expand, eventually become full-fledged urban
municipalities with larger governance structures.

Conclusion

A Nagar Panchayat plays a crucial role in India's urbanization process by managing the
needs of growing small towns. It ensures that essential services like water supply,
sanitation, roads, and waste management are provided efficiently. Over time, as these
towns grow in population and infrastructure, they may be upgraded to Municipal
Councils (Nagar Palikas) or even Municipal Corporations for better urban management.

0.5 Tree Diagram of BMC, MMRDA, etc. local governing bodies.