4.2 Uses of Magnetism (H) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

com

Mark scheme – Uses of Mangetism

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

1
1 A
(AO2.1)

Total 1

1
2 C
(AO1.1)

Total 1

1
3 B (AO2.1)

Total 1

Please refer to the marking instructions on

AO1.1 Demonstrates knowledge and
page 4 of this mark scheme for guidance
understanding of scientific ideas to give
on how to mark this question.
an explanation of how a transformer
works
Level 3 (5–6 marks)
For example:
Detailed explanation about how a
transformer works.
• Alternating current / ac / voltage /
AND
potential difference
A quantitative link between coil and
• (induces) (alternating) pd / current
potential difference ratios to inform
in secondary
judgement that the data supports the
• Linking different numbers of coils to
expected output voltages.
changing potential differences (or
There is a well-developed line of reasoning
currents)
which is clear and logically structured. The
• More secondary coils = bigger
information presented is relevant and
output potential difference
substantiated.
• Alternating current in primary coil
6
induces alternating magnetic field in
Level 2 (3–4 marks) (AO1.1x3)
4 a the iron core
Simple explanation of how a transformer (AO3.1ax2)
• Alternating magnetic field in the iron
works. (AO3.2ax1)
core induces alternating potential
AND
difference in the secondary coil
A quantitative link between coil and
• An alternating current flows if the
potential difference ratios to inform
output is connected to a circuit
judgement that the data supports the
• Ratio of potential differences
expected output voltages.
depends on ratio of coils
• Step up transformers increase
OR
potential difference and have more
secondary coils ORA
Detailed explanation about how a
transformer works.
AO3.1a Analyse information and ideas to
AND
interpret – quantitative
A qualitative link between coil and potential
difference ratios to inform judgement that
• Correct equation selected from data
the data supports the expected output
sheet
voltages.
• Data from table processed
4.2 Uses of Magnetism (H) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

There is a line of reasoning presented with • For A and C expect secondary pd of

some structure. The information presented 24 V
is relevant and supported by some • For B and D expect secondary pd of
evidence. 6V

Level 1 (1–2 marks) Simple explanation of AO3.1a Analyse information and ideas to
how a transformer works. interpret - qualitative For example:
OR
A quantitative link between coil and • Double the number of secondary
potential difference ratios to inform coils (compared to primary) and the
judgement that the data supports the output potential difference is
expected output voltages. doubled (compared to input)
OR • Halve the number of secondary
A qualitative link between coil and potential coils (compared to primary) and the
difference ratios to inform judgement that output potential difference is halved
the data supports the expected output (compared to input)
voltages. • In transformer A the number of coils
increases by 100% and the voltage
There is an attempt at a logical structure increases by almost 100%/AW
with a line of reasoning. The information is • In transformer B the number of coils
in the most part relevant. decreases by 50% and the voltage
decreases by 50%/AW
0 marks • In transformer C the number of coils
No response or no response worthy of increases by 100% and the voltage
credit. increases by almost 100%/AW
• In transformer D the number of coils
decreases by 50% and the voltage
decreases by 50%/AW

AO3.2a Analyses information and ideas

to make judgements

• Data supports the expected output

voltages
• Energy losses in A and C
• B and D are efficient

ALLOW voltage for potential difference and

vice versa

Examiner’s Comments

This question gave candidates the

opportunity to apply their knowledge and
understanding of the operational of a
transformer and to demonstrate that they are
able to use the equation linking number of
turns and potential difference given on the
data sheet. The question is open ended so
that candidates have the opportunity of
demonstrating their knowledge as well as
having the opportunity to structure their
answers logically.

The question required candidates to explain

the operation of the transformer. Most
4.2 Uses of Magnetism (H) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

candidates were able to select an

appropriate equation from the data sheet
and discuss the meaning of step-up and
step-down transformers in terms of the turns
ration and the p.d. ratio.

Few candidates mentioned that transformers

worked on a.c. or clearly explained the
alternating magnetic field in the iron core of
the transformer inducing an alternating p.d.
across the secondary coil.

For the highest marks, it was expected that

clear calculations for each of the four
transformers would be shown with a
comment as to whether they supported the
theoretical predictions. Many candidates did
not show any working. There was also the
opportunity to discuss energy losses in
transformers particularly about transformer A
and transformer C.

Exemplar 4

This candidate has written a plan of how

they intend to answer the question.

The initial part of the plan explains how the

transformer works. The candidate includes
the alternating current, the alternating
magnetic field in the iron core and the
alternating p.d. induced across the
secondary coil. The candidate then
discusses step-up and step-down
transformers.

Before using the data, an equation is given

with each of the symbols defined. Working is
then shown for the four transformers with a
reason why the step-up transformers do not
agree with the predicted data.

This candidate’s response demonstrates a

detailed explanation of how the transformer
works and there is a quantitative line
between the coils and potential difference
4.2 Uses of Magnetism (H) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

ratios in relation to the expected output

voltages. This is a Level 3 response. The
response has a well-developed line of
reasoning which is clear and logically
structured and the information is relevant so
this candidate is given six marks.

AfL

Candidates should practice explaining

physics concepts.

ALLOW current is induced

Incorrect word

(A) resistance (is induced across the ends

of the wire) ✓

Corrected sentence
(A) potential difference/voltage (is induced
across the ends of the wire) ✓
2 (AO2.1
b i ALLOW dynamo
OR x2)

Examiner’s Comments
Incorrect word
A large number of candidates correctly
identified that “resistance” was incorrect.
(A microphone is similar to a) motor ✓
Many realised that a potential difference is
induced across the ends of the wire. The
Corrected sentence
Examiners on this occasion also allowed a
current is induced across the end of the wire.
(A microphone is similar to a) generator ✓

Other candidates identified “motor” as

incorrect and substituted “generator” in the
sentence

A significant number of candidates stated

that pressure was incorrect and re-wrote the
sentence with longitudinal. A few candidates
replaced “similar” with “not similar” which did
not gain credit.

IGNORE phone

ii Loudspeaker/speaker/headphones ✓ 1 (AO1.1)
Examiner’s Comments
Most candidates stated speaker(s). It is
4.2 Uses of Magnetism (H) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

important that candidates stated a relevant

device as opposed to an appliance such as a
phone.

Total 9

Examiner’s Comments
1
5 C✓
(AO2.1) About two thirds of candidates gave the
correct answer C.

Total 1

Examiner’s Comments

1
6 A✓ About 40% of the candidature gave the right
(AO2.1)
answer A. The common incorrect response
was usually ‘D’.

Total 1

Examiner’s Comments

1
7 D✓ This calculation was answered successfully
(AO2.2)
by about three quarters of the candidates
stating D.

Total 1

8 a i Fleming's left hand rule (1) 1 ALLOW left hand rule / motor rule

Reference to B, I, L are the largest in the

table (1)
Some calculation to show the use of F =
BIL e.g. one mark point for four correct
If no calculations are made pupils can only
ii calculations: 2
receive 1 mark
A: 0.125 N
B: 0.225 N
C: 0.225 N
D: 1.250 N (1)

Wind two coils of wire around an iron core /

AW (1)
b i Secondary coil has twice / double the 4
ALLOW secondary coil has more turns than
number of primary turns / ORA (2)
the primary coil / ORA (1)
Connect primary coil to an a.c. supply (1)

High voltages can be produced / AW (1)

Any 1 from:

ii 2
Insulate the secondary coil (1)
Use very low voltages on the primary coil
(1)
Keep primary coil voltages low / AW (1)
ALLOW below 6 V

Microphones convert pressure variations in

c sound waves (1) into variations in current / 2
voltage in electrical circuits / AW (1)
4.2 Uses of Magnetism (H) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Total 11

9 A 1

Total 1

10 C 1

Total 1

Fewer coils in the secondary coil (1)

Means it induces less potential difference in

11 a secondary coil (1) 3

More current induced as power in constant

(1)

b 2

1 440 (turns) (1)

Simple use of P = V × I / idea of ratios

using transformer equations (1)
c i 2 ALLOW current reduced (1)

Current reduced by 16 times (1)

Very large decrease in power loss (1)

ii 2
Power loss is related to the square of the
current / AW (1)

Total 9