COMPREHENSION

SKILL
CHECK- UP
GETTING
THE
MAIN IDEA
 Many of us enjoy reading about
creatures of the past. Dinosaurs, prehistoric
mammals, and other early life forms offer
an endless source of interest. But what of
the future? Evolutionists believe that living
creatures are in s constant state of
adaptation. If this is true, what will the
future inhabitants look like? Dougal Dixon
has come up with some fascinating and
amusing ideas. He has filled a book with
illustrations and descriptions of his concepts
of earth’s creature 50 million years from
now.
Human are no longer present in Dixon’s
future scheme. They have fallen victim to a
shortage of the natural resources needed to
support them. Indeed much of the earth’s
current wildlife has also disappeared, as
well as domesticated animals that require
the care of human beings. But many of our
most common pests adapt and survive in
Dixon’s vision . His new world is filled with
descendants of bats, shrews, rabbits, and
mice. Among them are the nightstalker, a
four-foot-tall bat that walks on its own hind
legs, and the parashrew which uses a
parachute-like tail to make its first trip from
nest to ground.
Of course Dixson’s view of the future is
purely whimsical. But it does provide food
for thought. Which animals are likely to
survive into the future? Which traits will
they keep and which will have to change?
Will climate changes and pollution
necessitate adaption? Speculation about the
future of earth’s creatures is intriguing as
the study of their past.Choose the best
answer for each.
1. Choose the main idea of the second
paragraph.
a. The night stalker is a four-foot-tall
descendant of the bat.
b. We know that today’s creatures will
no longer exist 50 million years from
now.
c. Dixon’s vision of the future shows
many animals that have changed and
adapted.
2. Choose the best title for the story.
a. “Human Beings in the World of the
Future”
b. “Dougal Dixon’s World of the Future”
c. “Creatures of the earth-Past and
Present”
3. Choose the main idea of the story.
a. Man will probably not exist on fifty
million years.
 b. Pollution and climate change will
require animals to adapt.
c. No one knows what the future
inhabitants of earth will look like, but
it is interesting to think about it.
APPLICATION:
Create your own creature of the future.
1. What does the creature look like?
2. How does it work?
3. What are some of its traits?
4. What does it name?
5. Why did like this creature?

Cbc
 Trees have long played a special role in
Jewish life. As in many other cultures, they
are seen as symbols of strength and growth.
The Torah, the Jewish book of law, is also
known as the “Tree of Life.” Long ago in
Palestine people planted a cedar tree when
a boy was born. They planted a cypress for
girl. Years later, when the children married
the trees were cut down and used in the
chuppah, the traditional wedding canopy.
Trees are still important to Jews today.
When the state of Israel was created 1948,
much of the land was desert. Soon a
massive tree-planting program began.
The “holiday of planting trees,” Tu Bishvat,
celebrates this great planting effort. Each
year, school children in Israel plant more
and more trees. Many of the trees are paid
for by children of other countries which
have saved money to help plant forest in
Israel. Often a tree is planted in the memory
of someone who has died. People all over
the world have helped plant trees in Israel.
Today beautiful forests cover much of the
country. The young trees are very especial
symbol of growth in the modern Israel.
Choose the best answer to each.
1. Choose the main idea of the first
paragraph.
a. The Torah is also called the “Tree of
Life”
b. Many cultures see the tree as a
symbol of strength and growth.
c. Trees have long played a especial role
in Jewish life.
2. Choose the best title for this story.
a. “Under the Chuppah”
b. “Trees-An Ancient Symbol of Growth
in Modern Israel”
c. “Tree Forests of Ancient Israel”
3. Choose the main idea of the story.
a. As in the past, trees continue to hold
special meaning of Jews today.
b. Israel’s future prosperity depends
upon the planting trees.
 c. Tu Bishvat is one of the most
important of Jewish holidays.
APPLICATION:
1. Why do you think many cultures have
regarded the trees as a symbol of
strength and growth?
2. What trees that symbolizes your
strength and growth? Why?
3. Why Narra is our national tree?

Cba
 When is the best time to go fishing? For
some it is in the coldest of the year when
lakes are frozen solid. There are many lakes
in the eastern and Midwestern United State
that freeze over each winter. Long ago
Indians would chop a hole their and spear
the fish they needed for food.
Ice fishermen today build small sheds and
put them on sled runners. With wood or
canvas sides, the shed can be made very
warm and comfortable.iSeats can be built in
it so that the fisherman will not have to sit
on the ice.
When the shed is finished, it is pulled out
onto the lake. A hole is chopped away to
make an ice with an axe or heavy iron rod
called a spud. The ice is chipped away to
make an opening about a foot square and
the shed is then pulled over the hole.
Because it is dark inside the shed, the fish
can be seen swimming in the water below.
Most ice fishermen use a rod, reel, and bait
just as they do when fishing in the summer.
But it is harder to find minnows and worms
in the winter when the ground and water
are frozen, so fishermen must plan a head.
One thing an ice fisherman does not need is
a refrigerator to keep this fish fresh.

Choose the best answer for each.

1. Choose the best title for this story
a. “Ice Fishing Around the world”
b. “Indian Ice Fishing”
c. “Fishing Through solid Ice”
2. Choose the main idea of the second
paragraph.
a. Ice fishermen build small,
comfortable sheds to fish from
b. An Ice-fishing sled is warm inside
c. Inside a shed, the fishermen is safe
from snow and wind
3. Choose the main idea of the story.
a. Indians were the first to try ice
fishing
b. Ice fishing from a shed allows a
fishermen to catch on a frozen lake
in the winter
 c. The bait used for ice fishing is the
same as used for fishing in the
summertime.
APPLICATION
1. What are the different kinds of fishing?
2. What kind of fishing best for you? Why?
3. How does it feel during fishing? Why?

cab
The ice of the open polar seas forms slowly.
In September, when the seas has been quite
still for some time, the surface begins to
take on a greasy appearance. This is the
first indication of freezing. By the time the
water has cooled to about 28.6 degrees, ice
crystals form. These tiny crystals are shaped
like very small discs grouped in short
columns. They keep increasing until the sea
is covered with mush crystals. This is known
as slush ice, which has the consistency of
cooked oatmeal. Soon larger lumps form in
it, growing constantly, until they join to
form huge, strangely shaped fields of ice.
Unless broken up by wind or tide, this ice
cover increases rapidly in thickness, to a
depth of four or five inches within the first
forty-eight hours. After that the growth is
slower.
In the heart of the Polar Basin, new ice
seldom becomes more than six to nine feet
thick in the course of one season. Only over
a period of some years does it reaches a
thickness of fifteen or more feet.
With the rise and fall of tides and heaving of
the sea, the young ice often cracks. These
cracks widen and close with the movement
of the waves. Sea ice is forever forming,
freezing, breaking apart, and colliding with
a thunder roar like that of a heavy cannon.
Chose the best answer of each
1. Choose the best title for the story.
a. “September Sea”
b. “Field of Ice”
c. “Formation and Freezing of the Sea
Ice”
2. Choose the main idea of the second
paragraph.
a. Sea ice grows only in the heart of
Polar Basin.
b. Sea ice grows to its full thickness in
the course of one season.
c. Sea ice grows thicker with age.
3. Chose the main idea of the first
paragraph.
a. The formation of sea ice occurs
slowly, following a rhythmical pattern
b. Sea water must be 28.6 degrees
before sea ice forms
 c. Sea ice is formed from tiny crystals.
APPLICATION
1. Why ice is very important?
2. Is there any danger of ice in the ice
region?
3. Which do you prefer to live in the ice
region or in the desert region?

Cca
Travelling from the east coast to the
west coast of the United States was not
easy in the early 1800s. Stage coaches and
wagons were clumsy and slow. A sea
voyage around Cape Horn was difficult.
Many people swathe need to link the two
coasts by a better means of transportation-
trains. But others thought the task was
impossible. In 1832 there were only one
hundred miles of track in all of the United
States.
In 1884 California was granted
statehood, and the need for a cross-country
railroad grew. In 1862 President Lincoln
signed the Pacific Railroad Act. The act
gave two railroad companies the right to
lay track and thus join the nation train. The
Central Pacific was to build east from
Sacramento. The Union pacific would build
west from Omaha. The United States
government offered valuable inducements
to the railroads. Each company was to
receive large grants and loan bonds for
each mile of track laid. That meant a great
deal of money for the railroad owners. Soon
a transcontinental race was on!
The job was monumental. Workers had to
blast through stone mountains, hand drill
tunnels, and contend with blizzards, floods,
and droughts. All the while they were urged
to work as quickly as possible. The stakes
were high in this race.
On May 10, 1869, the two railroads met
at Promontory in the Utah territory. A
ceremonial golden spike was driven into the
last tie. Within a short time the journey
that used to take months to complete was
made in only a four-day train ride.

Choose the best answer for each.

1. Choose the main idea of the first
paragraph.
a. There was very few trains in 1832
b. Train travel, popular in the East,
was nonexistent in the West
c. It was very difficult to travel from
coast to coast in the early 1800s.
It was
2. Choose the best tile of the story
a. “The Story of the Transcontinental
Railroad”
b. “The Southern Pacific and the Union
Pacific join a Nation by Rail”
c. The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862”
3. Choose the main idea of the story
a. President Lincoln argued tirelessly for
a national railroad system
b. The transcontinental railroad
provided a much-needed link
 between the east and west coasts of
the United States
c. The owners of the railroads made the
workers labor under dangerous
conditions

APPLICATION
1. What do you feel riding a train?
2. Why train built in some areas?
3. What help do train give to people?

Cab
 An old-fashioned Fourth of July used to be
one of the most exciting holidays that
people in the United States celebrated.
Everyone took part in the fun. A large part
of this fun involved setting off firecrackers
and making as much noise as possible.
People gathered together for picnics at
lakes, in parks, and at the beaches. There
were games of all kinds. But the biggest
attraction of the day was always the
fireworks. Children had their own
firecrackers and each one wanted to make
the loudest noise. The oldest boys and girls
sometimes had firecrackers five inches long.
These were called cannons.
After dark the nighttime fireworks
started. There were Roman candles
sprouting different-colored balls of fire into
the air. Aerial bombs blasted high above,
scattering bright stars into the sky. Most
exciting of all were the sky rockets streaking
a bright yellow trail into the heavens.
“Have a safe and sane Fourth,” people
advised each other. But exploding the black
powder in the firecrackers and lighting that
dazzling nighttime displays could be
dangerous; each year people were hurt. The
fourth of July is still a great national holiday.
People still have picnics and play games.
However, in most places fireworks are
restricted. Expert workers set them off in
stadiums or over water. In this manner
people are more likely to enjoy a safe and
sane Fourth.
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the main idea of the first
paragraph
a. Everyone enjoyed picnics on the
fourth of July
b. Each child wanted to make the
loudest noise
c. Fireworks were the biggest attraction
of the Fourth of July.
2. Choose the best title for this story
a. “Favorite Holidays of the American
People”
b. “An Old-Fashioned Fourth of July”
c. “a Safe and sane Fourth”
APPLICATION
1. What are the different holidays in the
Philippines?
2. What national holidays you like most?
Why?
3. Why holidays are being proclaimed?

Cbb
 River otters may be found all over the
North American continent, with the
exception of the far southwest. Close to four
feet long, these fascinating animals are as
much at home in the water as on the land.
About one-third of their length ia as tapered
tail with a thick base, serving as a perfect
rudder for fast swimming turns. Their coat is
a thick, glossy fur that is just about
waterproof.
Otters love to play games. The young as
well as the old ones join in the games of
follow-the-leader and hide-and-seek. These
chases may take then into the water,
among trees and bushes on the shore, or
both. Another popular sport is sliding
downhill on their stomachs. This
tobogganing works equally well in snow and
slippery mud. The faster the slide, the better
the otters like it.
River otters eat many kinds of small
creatures. Some of their favorites are fish,
fresh-water clams, snails, crawfish, big
insects, lizards, and snakes. Their webbed
feet and tail rudders give them such control
that sometimes they can outswim even a
trout. Most of the fish, though, are caught
under rocks where they have taken refuge.
Extremely cold winters may make serious
trouble for otters by completely freezing the
surface of streams and lakes. Unless they can
find holes in the ice, they can either get into the
water to catch fish nor come up for the
occasional fresh air that they need. In such a
case, their only alternative is to hunt for a bit of
open water.
Choose the best answer for each.
1. Choose the main idea of the second
paragraph
a. Both young and old otters play games
b. Otters like to play follow-the-leader
c. Otters paly many different games.
2. Choose the main idea of the third paragraph
a. River otters are good swimmers
b. River otters eat many kinds of small
creatures.
c. River otters catch fish under rocks.
3. Choose the best title for this story
a. “Otters on Land and in the Water”
b. “The Play and the Diet of River Otters”
c. “The Perfect Swimmers”

Cba
APPLICATION
1. What the different kinds that can live both
land and water? Why?
2. What are animals that can play tricks?
Why?
3. What animal do you like most? Why?
 Very little rain falls in Egypt. The vast
majority of the country is desert where
nothing will grow. But the banks of the Nile
River, which flows through Egypt, contain
some of the most fertile soil in the world.
The Nile is the world‘s largest river,
winding over 4,000 miles. But one strip of
land along the Nile, called the cultivation
stretches for 620 miles and is more than
twelve miles width.
Ancient Egyptian farmers knew that
each year between June an October,
melting from high in the Ethiopian
mountains would flood the Nile.
Accordingly, each year the Nile overflowed
its banks. They called this occurrence the
inundation. When the overflow subsided,
the land was covered with rich black silt.
This silt made the soil extremely rich and the
farmer s’ crops flourished. But the farmers
had to keep a strict schedule that was
dictated by both weather and the rise and
fall of the Nile. All crops had to be ready for
harvest before April when the hot, dry
season arrived. Soon after, the inundation
would begin. Many farmers spent the
months of the Inundation working on the
building of the great pyramids. The nature
of the Nile not only gave Egyptians rich
crops but also provided the pharaohs with a
ready supply of seasonal workers’ for the
pyramids.
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the main idea of the last
paragraph
a. The life of the Egyptian farmer was
dictated by weather and the rise and
fall of the Nile
b. Egyptian civilization depended upon
the Nile River.
c. Each year the Nile River overflowed
its banks.
APPLICATION
1. Why farmers need a fertile soil for
planting?
2. Why planting crops are very important?
3. What are the different kinds of root
crops?
Acb
 Walt Disney dreamed of creating a new
kind of amusement park. He was tired of
gaudy, dirty carnivals. He wanted to build a
park that families could enjoy together,
where the problems of the real world could
be left behind.
Disney’s first idea was to build a small
eight-acre park next to his movie studio in
Burbank, California. It would be feature a
train, pony rides, and statues of his famous
cartoon characters. He imagined that it
would be a pleasant place for his employees
and the families to spend weekends. But his
plans grew and grew. It would soon become
clear that eight-acres would not nearly
accommodate all that Walt had in mind. In
the early 1950’s he borrowed money to
purchase 180nacres of orange groves in
Anaheim, California. He then began to build
the most incredible entertainment center
that had been conceived. He called it
Disneyland.
Disneyland opened on July 17, 1955. At
the dedication Walt Disney said, “I don’t
want the public to see the world they live in
when they’re in the park. I want them to
feel they are in another world.” Those words
have been the Disneyland philosophy ever
since. The park has grown and changed, but
Walt Disney’s guiding vision has not.
Disneyland is not a re-creation of other
times and other places. The real world is
truly kept outside the gates. Perhaps one
employee best summed up the essence of
Disneyland when, speaking of the park’s
turn--of –the-century main street he said,
“This is what Main Street should have been
like.”
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the main idea of the first
paragraph
a. Walt Disney wanted to build a better
amusement park
b. Disney’s original plan grew larger
and larger.
c. The carnivals of the early nineteenth
century were gaudy and dirty.
2. Choose the best title for this story
a. “Disneyland- Burbank’s Famous
Park”
b. “Disneyland-A Dream Fulfillled”
c. “ Walt Disney’s Fist Triumph
 3. Choose the main idea of the story
a. Families often enjoy Disneyland
together
b. The real world is truly a part of
Disneyland
c. Disneyland was one person’s dream
that came true.

APPLICATION
1. Why Disneyland attracts children?
2. Do you like Disneyland? Why?
3. What is your philosophy in life?
Snapping turtles are certainly one of the
ugliest of the fresh-water dwellers on the
North America continent. Their horny upper
shells are nearly black and sometimes
spotted with growing moss. When they
lumber along on land, their thick, leathery
legs hold the lower shell well above the
ground. A row of sawtooth points runs
along the top of the long tail. Up front,
there is a strong, collapsible neck that
carries a vicious-looking head with bony,
hooked snout. A big snapping turtle may live
for more than century and reach a weight of
over sixty pounds.
Snappers look slow and awkward. But
actually they can move with deadly speed.
When looking for food near the bottom of a
pond., they can leap forward like lightning
to catch fish or a frog. Also, the long neck
and wicked head can dart out and grab a
victim faster than our eyes can follow them.
A thirty-pounder can cut through a broom
handle with a single snap of its sharp-edge
jaws. It could do the same thing to a human
finger and perhaps even a wrist.
This strange beast will eat practically
any kind of flesh that it can get. One
favorite food is young duck. The snapper
simply rises slowly through the water below
the unsuspecting bird, grabs it by a leg, and
takes it to the bottom of the pond to be
eaten. Fully grown ducks occasionally suffer
the same fate as their smaller companions.
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the best title for this story.
a. “Ducks-eaters of North America”
b. “Lightning-Like Hunters”
c. “The Snapping Turtle”
2. The second paragraph suggest that
snappers
a. Eat broom handles.
b. Have powerful jaws
c. Are slowly and awkward
3. Choose the main idea of the third
paragraph
a. Snappers are flesh and vegetables
eaters
b. Snappers like to hunt and eat ducks
c. Adult ducks usually escape from the
jaws of snappers
cbb
APPLICATION
1. Where do you think the sea turtle is
safest, on land or in water? Why?
2.
 One of the nature’s most impressive
creatures, an arctic bull walrus may be
fourteen feet long and weigh close to 3,00
pounds. The distance around him at the
shoulders may equal his entire length. Five
hundred pounds of fat, or blubber, are
spread under his wrinkled, unbelievably
tough hide. His two great tusk, or curved
teeth sometimes project two feet or more
below his broad, bristly muzzle.
Without these hard ivory tusks walrus
could not live long. It uses them to dig its
favorite meal of clams and other shellfish
from the bottom of the ocean. Also they
make valuable hooks to help the walrus
climb aboard floating ice floes or big
boulders on shore. In fights with other
walruses, or perhaps with a hungry polar
bear that tries to attack it, these tusks are first-
class weapons.
Today the range of the walrus is from
Greenland, Labrador, and upper Canada
northward. The walruses follow their age-old
habit of living in small herds. The roars and
bellow from these tribal groups can be heard as
much as a mile away. And how the old bulls do
snort through their noses to frighten away an
enemy!
Even the biggest and toughest mammal is
gentle and devoted at times. So it is not
surprising that a mother walrus swims around
with her single baby riding on the back of her
neck. The smaller walrus is perfectly safe and
satisfied there because it holds on tight with it
own small flippers. Thus, the creatures of nature
takes care of their own
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the main idea of the third paragraph
a. Walruses live in Greenland
b. Walruses makes a lot of noise
c. Walruses live in the far North in tightly
knit groups
2. Choose the best title for this story
a. “Three Thousand pounds of Walrus”
b. “First-Class Weapons”
c. “Life on an ice Floe”
3. Choose the main idea of the second
paragraph
a. Walruses eat clams and shellfish
b. Walruses use their tusks for many
different things
c. Walruses sometimes fight among
themselves.

Cab
APPLICATION
1. Make a list of big animals that yu have
known and seen.
2. Which animal do you like most?
 The making of the fine pipe is a long,
exacting process. The best wooden pipes in the
world are made from brier. It often takes several
years to produce a brier pipe.
Brier comes from the burl of the heath tree,
a shrub-like tree that grows mainly on the
rugged, rocky coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
The burl is a knob of wood that grow
underground from the heath. The valuable brier
lies within this burl. A brier burl must grow at
least twenty-five years before it is fit to be used
for a pipe bowl. The oldest burls are hardest and
best suited for pipes.
After a burl has been dug up, it is left in a
straw-covered trench to dry out. It may remain in
a trench several years as the moisture within the
wood evaporates. The burl is then cut into small
squared, each about the size of a pipe bowl.
These squares are then cured. One popular
method of curing is to boil the wood in water.
The brier is then dried out again for three months
to four years. This step removes any sap
remaining in the wood. When drying is complete,
the brier blocks are cut into general shape of
pipe bowls. At this point they are inspected and
graded by color, grain, and flaws. A pipe maker is
fortunate if three out of one thousand bowls are
of excellent grade. A flawless brier pipe is,
indeed, an exceptional find and treasured by pipe
collectors.
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the best title for this story
a. “The Best Pipes in the World”
b. “The Making of a Brier Pipe”
c. “The Flawless Brier”
2. Choose the main idea of the second
paragraph
a. It takes many years to make a brier pipe
b. Brier is found on the coast of the
Mediterranean Sea
c. The hard brier, needed for brier pipes,
comes from the burl of the heath tree
3. Choose the main idea of the story
a. Making a brier pipe is a long and involved
process
b. Brier pipes are extremely rare.
c. Brier comes from the burl of the heath
tree

bca
APPLICATION
In the early 1700s Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver’s
Travels were popular books with children. These
satirical and political novels had been written for
adults, but their fanciful stories delighted boys
and girls. In fact these books, and others like
them, were the only adventure stories children
had to read. At that time books mean just for
children were not printed at all. Then in 1744
John Newbery began to publish children’s
storybooks. Others soon followed and a new for
of literature began to evolve.
The first children’s books were quite
different from those of today. In these stories
children were always taught that good behavior
and obedience were the finest of virtues. Indeed,
children were promised the most pleasant of
lives if only they refrained from tearing their
clothes, breaking windows, and getting dirty!
Somehow these were considered the worst
infractions of childhood. Illustrations clearly
depicted the “good” boy or girls as well dressed
and happy. But those woe to the bad child! He or
she invariably was poorly clothed and miserable!
By today’s standards these first storybooks
and their message of proper behavior might
seem dull and unimaginative. But to children
eager to read about the lives of other boys and
girls, they provided many treasured moments.
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the main idea of the second
paragraph
a. The first children’s book tried to teach
children proper behavior
b. Children’s storybooks were noty
published before 1744
c. Children of the eighteenth century who
behaved badly were always poorly
clothed
2. Choose the best title for this story
a. “The Storybooks of John Newbery”
b. “Childhood in the Eighteenth Century”
c. “The First Children’s Books”
3. Choose the main idea of the story.
a. The first children’s books were dull and
unimaginative
b. The first children’s books made boys and
girls behave properly
 c. The first children’s books attempted to
show children the consequences of good
and bad behavior.

acc
APPLICATION
The Central American jungle is the dwelling of
the kinkajou, the only American member of the
raccoon family that can suspend itself by its tail
in the manner of some monkeys. The kinkajou is
definitely a tree dweller, so this ability is very
useful indeed.
These unusual little creature possess soft
yellowish-brown fur, round head, and noses that
look like black buttons. They rarely fight among
themselves or with their neighbors. Instead, they
seem to be perfectly good natured. They clamber
around the trees, talking back and forth low,
chucking voices. A kinkajou sleeps in a dark tree
hole during the day and comes out only a night.
Apparently all its feeding is done after dark.
These curious animals are often tamed even
though they frequently exhibit bad tempers in
captivity. They are always inquisitive and often
amusing, but they may nip a human being if they
are irritated for any reason.
 In captivity, kinkajou will eat many sorts of
food in addition to the meat that is their favorite
meal. Although these animals are basically
carnivorous, they have been known to eat
cereals, cake crumbs, and even candy. But they
do need a relatively warm climate in which to live
in good health. For this reason, kinkajous are
commonly found in zoos in more temperate
areas of the world
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the best title of the story
a. “Chucking Voices”
b. “Favorite Foods of the Kinkajou”
c. “The Kinkajou”
2. Choose the main idea of the third paragraph
a. Kinkajous can be temperamental in
captivity
b. Kinkajous like being handled by people
c. Kinkajou are amusing animals
3. Choose the main idea of the first paragraph
a. Kinkajous resemble raccoons
b. Kinkajous live in trees in the Central
American jungle
c. Kinkajous have very strong tails

cab
APPLICATION
1. Name the animals that sleep all day but
come out at night?
2. Why there are animals comes out at night?
3.
Today most people shop in large department
stores. They knew that a department store will
probably carry just about anything they need.
But department stores are a fairly recent
innovation. Years ago most people shopped in a
small stores which sold one type of product. At a
hat shop sold hats, a dress shop sold dresses, and
so on. Then, in 1862, A.T. Stewart opened
Stewart’s Cast Iron Palace. Standing eight stories
high, it was the biggest store in the world. The
palace helped change the way Americans
shopped.
Stewart’s store, and others like it, carried
something for everyone. Clothing, furniture,
shoes—all could be found in a “buyer’s palace.”
They were different in other ways too. In small
stores customers often bargained with the owner
over price. A large store could not operate
effectively this way. Instead, owners put a fixed
price on each item. The price was the same for
everyone. It was a quicker, more efficient system.
 The big stores were open to all people. Even
a penniless sightseer could enjoy a day walking
through the store. This was very different from
some shops where a poorly dressed person
would not even be allowed inside the door! A. T.
Stewart’s palace marked the beginning of a new
era in American consumerism that has continued
even to this day.
Choose the best answer for each
1. Choose the main idea of the second
paragraph
a. A “buyer’s palace “ offered merchandise
at low price
b. Many different items, all at fixed prices,
were sold at “buyer’s palaces.”
c. A. T Stewart’s store revolutionized
American shopping habits
2. Choose the best title for this story
a. “The History of the Shopping Mall”
b. “The Biggest Store the world has Ever
Seen”
c. “The Cast Iron Palace-Beginning and New
Trend in American Stores”
3. Choose the main idea of the story
a. Department stores operate more
efficiently than small shops
b. Stewart’s innovative store helped to
change the way Americans shopped
 c. For many year’s Stewart’s Cast Iron
palace was the largest store in the world

bcb

APPLICATION
MAKING INFERENCE

FRUSTRATION
 Most people learn about frustration at a
very early age. Children are seen bursting into
tears as they try again and again to tie their
shoelaces. Grown men and women playing golf
sometimes lose their tempers when they make
poor shot.
It seems a normal part of life to have one’s
plans or desire go awry. No matter how well
conceived or how well executed, an idea or a
task often does not come out right. It happen at
school, at work, and when playing games.
Usually people accept this. A professional
baseball player does not stalk off the mound
when he throws a ball instead of a strike.
Students don’t quit school because they can’t get
all “A” grades. Most of them seem to make
another effort. They understand the old adage.
“If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, again,”
What that adage is really saying for young
and old alike is to have patience. Some things
take time to understand and do well. The fact
that others can do them better and sooner
should not cause frustration.
Those that have patience will evaluate what
they are trying to accomplish. They will study
their own habits and methods to find out how to
improve. They will do thus whether pitching a
baseball or learning mathematics.
If most people did not have this point of
view, a lot of them would be walking around
with their shoelaces untied.

Choose the ending for each sentence

 1. People often learn early in life that
a. Pitching a baseball is frustrating
b. Things do not always go the way they want
them to
c. Trying one’s shoelace sis not really very
important
2. One can learn to do a better job t something
by
a. Staying up all night until it is done
correctly
b. Getting someone else to do it
c. Patiently figuring out ways to improve
3. In second paragraph, awry means
a. As planned
b. In an unexpected direction
c. Unexplained

bcb
APPLICATION
BORROWING MONEY
 In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Polonius has
this piece of advice for his son: “Neither a
borrower nor a lender be.”
A young person would have a very difficult
time today’s world trying to live by this precept
of long ago.
Credit, the borrowing and lending of money,
is a key part of the modern business and
personal world. Banks, savings and loans,
insurance companies, credit unions, and finance
companies are the lenders of money.
People have many different purposes for
borrowing money. An individual purchasing a
home finds it almost mandatory to secure a real
estate loan that requires 20 to 30 years for
repayment. Buying an automobile is generally
the most common need for a loan and these are
repaid in one to four years. The cost of a loan is
called interest, and the amount varies with the
type of credit.
 The ability to repay is a major question for
any borrower. Those who repay as agreed keep
their credit rating good and are able to borrow
again.
Borrowing money is a matter of trust
between the people negotiating the loan. One of
the reasons the use of credit has grown to such
high levels is that most people are trustworthy
and honest.

Choose the best ending for each sentence.

1. It is reasonable to assume that Polonius
 a. Was continually telling young people
what to do
b. Did not really understand what was going
on around him
c. Would not buy something unless he had
the money to pay for it.
2. It would be very difficult to borrow money
a. If most people did not repay their loans
b. If one always paid one’s loans back
promptly
c. In Shakespeare’s time
3. People usually borrow money
a. When interest rates high
b. Than they can expect to pay back
c. When interest rates are low

cac
THE MOST INTELLIGENT PERSON
 If intelligence ca be defined as the power to
reflect and reason, who is the most intelligent
person the world has ever known?
Would it be Einstein, Madam Curie, Plato, or
perhaps Galileo? There is no question that these
people were highly intelligent. Is there any
measurement that can set one man or woman
apart from all others?
In the late 15th century in Italy there was a
man who merits special distinction. Leonardo da
Vinci was an outstanding artist. The Last Supper
and Mona Lisa were works of genius. Yet da
Vinci’s thoughts, interests and questions ranged
far beyond painting and sculpture. He was a
leader in many areas of science.
He studied geology because fossils of sea
life embedded in rocks layers near his home
puzzled him. As a painter of the human body he
believed he should possess a thorough
knowledge of anatomy. Da Vinci was one of the
first artists to combine a scientific study of the
body with his paintings. He was also an
outstanding military and civil engineer.
One of his continuing passions was develop
a vehicle that would permit him to fly. As a
young man he often climbed the towering hills
behind his home to study the landscape below.
He spent hours studying the flight of birds. He
drew many sketches of machines that hoped
could be built to fly. Some of his drawings were
used centuries later in the development of
gliders, helicopters, and airplanes.

Choose the best ending for each sentence

1. Da Vinci studied anatomy because
a. Without his knowledge it was difficult to
paint realistic people
b. He wanted to paint the human body
without greater understanding
c. He was interested in medicine
2. Da Vinci drawings of flying machine proved
a. That he understood the principle of flying
b. That humans could have flown in the
fifteenth century if only Da Vinci had
spent less time painting
c. That the wright brothers did not do
something so special after all
3. Determining the level of one’s intelligence
a. Is easy to do if the proper tests are used
b. Is possible only if one has attended
college
c. Depends upon many factors.
bac
APPLICATION
STUDENT EXCHANGES
It is not unusual to find high-school students
from all over the world living and studying
in the United States. These students live
with families that have welcomed them into
their homes.
They have a chance to learn how
people live in another country, and the host
families learn a great deal about how others
live, also. Students exchange programs are
highly prized for their attempts to
encourage peaceful understanding among
people of the world. When people from
different cultures live and study together
they form a human bond; such bonds will, it
is hoped, carry over to government and
business relationships as the years go by.
Most exchanges occur when a family in
one country sends a son or daughter to live
a family in another country. There is keen
competition for scholarships that finance
these exchanges. Funds are more readily
available in the United States. Each year
many young people from this country travel
abroad to spend a year immersed in
another country. The American Field Service
is a major group arranging these exchanges.
The American Field Service has
expanded its program to offer exchanges
within the United States. Under this
program, a student from the South may live
for a year with a family in Montana. Or a
Hawaiian student may spend time in New
York. Even within our own country, students
are finding that different climates and life
styles hold surprises.

Choose the best ending for each sentence

1. It is clear that the American Field Service
feels
a. It is important for people within a
country to understand each other
b. It is not important for people of
different country to understand each
other
c. World peace will occur when more
students live in other countries
2. It is hoped that a students who has
participated in an exchange will
a. Someday come back to live in the
United States
b. Develop greater concern and
understanding for others
c. Become important in government one
day
3. People from different parts of the United
States
a. Often have different customs and
attitudes
 b. Are all almost exactly alike
c. Usually want to live in New York
APPLICATION

ANDREW CARNEGIE AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES

 The public library has become a normal
service in a community. It is expected to be used
for research, study, or pleasure reading.
I the middle of the nineteenth century there
were only a few libraries in America, and these
were owned by families or organizations.
Communities began to change this by voting
taxes to cover the cost of providing books.
It was expensive to buy land, erect
buildings, purchase books, and pay for
supervision and maintenance. As a result, the
number of libraries in the country increased very
slowly.
The greatest impetus for their growth came
from one man. Andrew Carnegie was an iron and
steel manufacturer, he was also very wealthy. He
believed his money should be used for social and
educational purposes. In the late 1800s he
initiated a program to assist in the increase of
public libraries in America. Before his death in
1919 he had donated more than fifty million
dollars for this purpose.
Carnegie’s method was to work with towns
or cities that wanted a library. He gave the
money to construct the building. For its part, the
city provided the land and passed ordinances
which would raise taxes to buy the books and
pay for supervision and maintenance. It was not
a charity but a way to help communities to help
themselves. Carnegie helped to build more than
2500 libraries in the United States.

Choose the best ending for each sentence

1. When a community decreases its taxes, the
public libraries
a. Have to close down
b. Are not affected because Andrew
Carnegie has provided them with funds
c. Are probably given less libraries
2. Before cities had public libraries
a. Most families kept goo-sized book
collections in their own homes
b. Most people had little opportunity to
enjoy a wide range of reading materials
c. It was very difficult for young people to
get an education
3. Before Andrew Carnegie began helping to
build libraries
a. There were no libraries in the United
States
b. Newspaper were a major of most
people’s reading material
c. Very few people cared about reading
cbb
APPLICATION

PHYSICAL FITNESS
 During the past several decades
exercises and physical fitness have become
a near passion in the country. The greatest
number participating are young people. But
there is no limit on age. Sixty-and seventy-
year-old men and women are often seen in
the gym or jogging or bicycling.
Labor-saving inventions and shorter
working hours have led to more leisure time
for everyone. The easier life now enjoyed by
many has raised the fear that America, as a
nation, could become “soft”. President
Dwight Eisenhower felt that a concerted
effort should be made to provide a planned
physical fitness program for the nation’s
youth.
Americans of all ages responded
with enthusiasm.Books were written on how
to run, how to work out, and how to eat
properly. Stories sold all types of shoes and
clothing for the would-be athlete. Gyms
with a whole array of muscles building
equipment and machinery bloosomed all
over the country.
There were dedicated joggers,
determined walkers, strong weight lifters,
people who stretched, and some senior
citizens who even held track meets .All types
of exercise had supporters and followers.
The end result has been beneficial, as
Americans are more aware of their physical
well being.
What they eat, drink, and wear is
important to them. They have learned that
a more physical fit persons a healthier and
more attractive one. Such a person not only
enjoys life more but can be more active,
regardless of age.
Choose the best ending for each sentence
 1. One hundred years ago
a. All people were physically fit
b. People did not have as much time to
devote to themselves
c. Labor-saving inventions and shorter
working hours gave most people more
leisure time.
2. President Eisenhower probably felt that
a. Physical fitness was much more
important than classroom education
b. Senior citizens would not participate in
physical fitness programs
c. A strong nation required strong, healthy
people
3. The physical fitness craze has led to
a. An increase number of heart attack
patients
b. A successful new industry
c. Better health for everyone in the United
States
Bcb
APPLICATION

ALLERGIES
 People have many kinds of reactions to their
environment. Some of these may be pleasant
and invigorating. Others can be irritating and
undesirable.
One such reaction, called an allergy, has
received a close look by those studying the body
from a medical and nutritional point of view.
An allergy is a sensitivity, or reaction of a
part of one’s to an outside influence. This can
cause a sneeze, an itch, a rash, or a breathing
difficulty.
A sneeze is a normal way of removing an
irritant in the nose, but continued sneezing can
be harmful. It may be caused by pollen from
plant or flower that can’t be avoided because it is
in the air that is breathed. Seasonal pollens
scattered by wind and breezes gives great
discomfort to people discomfort to people who
are allergic to them. Such people often find relief
only by leaving the area.
 Reprieve for the victim may also come from
a change in the weather. Freezing temperatures,
for example, stop the growth of pollen-producing
plants.
Through research, medical science has been
able to find germs, pollens, foods, and drugs that
cause allergies in certain people. Pharmaceutical
research, in turn, has developed medicines that
can control these irritants and provide some
relief for those affected.
It is totally unpredictable who will be
allergic to what outside influence. When an
allergy strikes a sensitive person, there is often a
long period of trial and error before the cause
can be found and help given.

Choose the best ending for each sentence.

1. The human body
 a. Holds no mysteries to scientists and
doctors
b. Is sensitive to its environment
c. Is always allergic to pollen
2. A sneeze
a. Indicates that one is allergic to something
in the environment
b. Should be followed up by medical
treatment
c. Is a normal body function
3. A person with allergies is probably most
comfortable in
a. The winter
b. The summer
c. The mountains

Bca
APPLICATION
BIRDBRAIN
 When a person criticizes another’s
intelligence he or she may refer to the other
person as a “birdbrain.” Aside from the fact that
this is unkind, it could be quite wrong. Some
proof might show in the following story.
A retired college professor decided to put a
birdhouse on top of a brass pole in his backyard.
The many trees around his yard were home to
various kinds of birds. He felt a birdhouse would
be an interesting addition.
The birdhouse had an average –sized trough
for birdseed which the professor filled each
morning. First the birds were cautions and ate
the seed slowly. Each day there was food left. It
was not long, however, before the birds were
eating everything in the morning and again
when the trough was filled for them at night.
One evening the professor completely forgot
to give the birds their food. He was sitting in his
lounge chair when he realized there were an
unusual number of birds in the trees. They were
hopping from branch to branch chirping and
showing no signs of setting down.
The professor sat up in his chair. He
remembered he had not fed the birds. In a few
minutes the food trough was filled. In no time
the birds were flocking around the birdhouse
taking turns to perch and eat.
This is at least one instance where birds had
enough brains to communicate successfully with
a college professor.

Choose the best ending for each sentence

1. Before the professor built the birdhouse
 a. There was probably very little food for
the birds to eat in the area
b. The birds were able to find enough food
to survive on.
c. Few birds ever came to the yard
2. The story shows that
a. Cats will always chase birds
b. Birds need human beings to feed them if
they are to survive
c. It is possible for birds to let people know
what they want
3. After the birdhouse was built
a. The professor probably found more birds
than ever in his trees
b. The birds ate less, knowing that more
food would always appear
c. The professor’s cat probably disliked
being in the yard
Bca
APPLICATION
THE NATIONAL FLAG
 The flag of any nation is important to its
citizens. It is their own symbol throughout the
world. France, England, Russia—every country
has its own flag. It is treated by most people with
honor and respect because of what it represents.
In the United States the national flag is
called the Stars and Stripes because of its
thirteen stripes of red and white and its field of
blue with 50 stars, one for each state. Each of the
nation’s states has its own additional and
different flag.
The proper use and display of the stars and
Stripes has been set by custom and by
government rules. It is usual to display the flag
from sunrise to sunset on government buildings
and it id flown at all school buildings. The flag is
most often seen raised to the top of a flag pole
but it can also be hung out of a window on a
staff. Flags are displayed indoors in classrooms
and public buildings.
 There are certain customs that are observed
concerning the flag. It can’t be used as a costume
or clothing. It should be used as a drapery or
curtain. One very important rule is that the flag
should never be permitted to touch the ground.
Although the flag is usually flown during the
day. It may be flown at night on special
occasions. When this is done, the flag should be
lighted. One place the flag is always flying is over
the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

Choose the best ending for each sentence

 1. People who want to fly the flag at their
homes
a. Must first put up a flag pole
b. Must get permission from the
government
c. May hang it out the window on a short
staff
2. A nation’s flag represents
a. The Stars and Stripes
b. Its people
c. Government buildings
3. The flag of the United States should not be
allowed to touch the ground because
a. It might get dirty
b. Then it can never be used again
c. That considered a sign of disrespect

cbc
APPLICATION
WRITING
 The greatest invention created by the
human mind was in common use long
before scientists thought of catapulting an
astronaut into space. Perhaps the most
preeminent of all human feasts was the
invention of writing.
It was not the product of one mind or
one people; it was developed in many parts
of the world as human sought to record
their thoughts and deeds. The spoken word
was a fleeting thing, easily forgotten. People
yearned to keep their thoughts so others
could understand and comprehend them.
They did this with pictographic
characters. These crudely drawn pictures
represented things; an animal, a person, a
house. Nearly seven thousand years ago
Persians and Babylonians translated these
pictures into symbols to create cuneiform
writing. This early form of writing is remote
ancestor of our alphabet.
As their cultures matured, the
Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans invented
their own distinctive type of writing. All had
a single purpose: to fashion a written form
of communication. The process was long
and slow. Many people as diverse as the
Chinese in the east and the Norse in the
North took part in finding their own ways to
write.
Writing, whether printed or done by
hand, is the world’s most important tool.
Without it, scientists could not keep records
of their work. Government, schools,
businesses, or professionals could
accomplish little if people were unable to
write.
 Choose the best ending for each sentence
1. The desire of human beings to write showed
that
a. They had a great deal of time on their
hands
b. Spoken language was an inefficient
means of communication
c. They wanted to share their thoughts with
others
2. Pictographs preceded cuneiform writing
because
a. The Persian and Babylonians were not
skilled as artists
b. It was a simpler form of writing
c. Cuneiform writing was too hard for most
early people read.
3. The development of writing was perhaps
the greatest of all human feats because
a. It has permitted each generation to pass
on its thoughts, deeds, and
accomplishments
 b. It has given all people a common
language
c. It has made it possible for people to
accomplish anything they might dream of
cba

APPLICATION
 WORDS
People communicate with each other by
speaking or writing words.
A flip of the pages of a dictionary reveals so
many different words it is doubtful any one
person could know them all. Yet the more words
one knows, the more clearly an event or idea
can be described.
New expressions or phrases are learned by
using them in conversations, reading them, or
studying to learn them. This is called vocabulary
building.
Another way to build a vocabulary is to
learn the origin or history of a word. Salary
means payment for a person’s work. Why does it
have this meaning? Roman soldiers were paid
with salt. The Latin, or Roman, word for salt is
salarium. Down through the centuries salarium
evolved to the word salary.
 Longer words are sometimes easier to
remember if their origins are known. Tantalizing
is rooted in Greek and Romans mythology.
Tantalus, a king of Phrygia made the gods of
angry and was condemned to stand in water up
to his chin underneath him. When he reached
for the ripe the branches would move beyond his
fingers. Anything staying just beyond one’s
grasp is now described as tantalizing.
The study of words origins can be
entertaining as well as useful in building copious
vocabulary.
Choose the best ending for each sentence
1. The study of the origins of words
a. Requires a knowledge of Latin
b. Is usually done by people interested in
history
c. Is a good way to increase one’s vocabulary
2. Looking up a word in the dictionary
a. Helps one understand when and how the
word can be used
b. Is not as helpful as using the word in
conversation
c. Is rarely worth the time it takes
3. A good vocabulary is important
a. Only if one is a writer
b. Primarily to writers and public speakers
c. To anyone who is interested in successfully
communicating

Cba
APPLICATION
 TAKING A BATH
It is said that Queen Elizabeth I of England
took a bath once a month whether she needed it
or not. Regardless of the truth of this story,
personal bathing was relatively unknown in
England or in Europe for centuries. The antipathy
toward this phase of personal hygiene was
carried to new world and in some areas colonists
passed laws controlling bathing.
But bathing was a common part of life to
the ancient Greeks and Romans and among the
Moslem peoples. At the height of its empire’s
glory, Rome was known for the elegance and
luxury of its baths.
It was at this time that Christianity began to
take root and spread. Many Christians believed
that steaming, lengthy bathing was a waste of
time and was giving into the pleasures of body.
They preferred to avoid any personal indulgence.
 The destructions of Rome by the barbarians
settled that argument. The baths were
destroyed, as well as the aqueducts which move
water to the city. Over next few hundred years
the facilities for bathing in a home were minimal
and the strict religious practices of that time
would not condone public bathing.
The Industrial Revolution made indoor
plumbing available to many more people. At the
same time medical scientists were learning about
the importance of cleanliness for better health.
The bath was once more acceptable. Today
a home is seldom without at least bathroom in it.
Choose the best ending for each sentence
1. Many more people began to bathe regularly
when
a. Queen Elizabeth I died
b. Indoor plumbing was introduced
c. The barbarians at least left Rome
2. People of Queen Elizabeth I’s time probably
a. Had quite a bit of trouble with skin
irritation
b. Had very little trouble with infection
c. Disliked the Romans intensely
3. Some Christians felt that enjoying a bath
was sinful because
a. Cleanliness is next to godliness
b. It felt so good
c. It took time away from attending church

bab
APPLICATION
 MODERN BANKING
When the British surrendered to General
Washington at Yorktown in 1781, their band
played a tuned called “The world Turned Upside
Down” During the latter hair of the twentieth
century, there have been many events which
could call for playing that song over and over.
New ways of doing business, performing services,
and manufacturing products have made this a
different world.
Banking is a service which has been done an
about-face in recent years. Banks still take
deposits in checking and saving accounts. People
still get loans at a bank and must repay them.
But the way bankers work and the tools they use
have changed.
Electronic equipment permits bankers to
perform tasks quickly and more accurately.
Interest is computed by touching number on a
calculator instead of using pencil and paper.
Hundreds of checking and savings account
statements are prepared in minutes. Statements
were once done by hand, one by one.
Ending routine chores gave bankers the
time to get out into their communities. They now
see their customers’ needs firsthand. No longer
do bankers set behind desks waiting for people
to come to them. They go to business and into
factories to tell owners what a bank can do for
them. Some customers do not even need to go to
a bank. They have computers in their homes tied
to the bank’s equipment. Bills can be paid,
accounts transferred, and balances verified all
from one’s easy chair.
The world of banking has been turned
upside down.
Choose the best ending for each sentence
1. When the British surrendered at Yorktown,
they were probably
a. Happy
b. Upside down
c. Very upset
2. Before banking became computerized
a. a customer usually saw his her banker
only in the bank itself
b. bankers had more time to get out into the
community
c. it was very unusual to find an error on a
statement
3. In the future, more and more people will
probably
a. Choose banking as a career
b. Do their banking from home computers
c. Find that contacting a bank is an
unnecessary part of taking out loan.

Cab
APPLICATION
 “YES, I CAN”
Society has recently stopped saying “no” to
the physically handicapped. The belief has been
discarded that those who live in wheelchairs,
don’t see well, or who lack normal muscular
control must lead restricted lives.
One of the best examples of this change is
the Special Olympics. These events are held in
different places in the United States and in more
than thirty other countries around the world.
Planned for children and young adults who are
handicapped, the games are open to anyone
eight years of age and older.
Leading coaches and outstanding athletes
give their time to train and help. The
“Olympians” are not looking for pity or
sympathy. Their only ambition is to be
competitive. “Yes, I can,” says uncoordinated
young woman who spends all day trying to leap
over a three-foot crossbar… and then she does.
 The Special Olympics now include fourteen
different events. All contestants exhibit the
highest level of sportsmanship. More than once
the leader in a race has stopped to help another
runner who fell and was able to get up. First-
place blue ribbons have been given by winners to
the last finisher who achieved so very much just
by being in the race.
World champion athlete, with their perfectly
conditioned and proportioned bodies, have
watched on the sidelines with tears in their eyes
as these “Special Olympics” have been last ounce
of effort.
Choose the best ending of each sentence
1. The high level of sportsmanship among
Special Olympics athlete is best shown by
a. The popularity of all fourteen Olympics
events
b. The way the listen to their coaches
c. The way they compare with each other
2. The special Olympics are doing so much
good because
a. They give handicapped young people a
chance to accomplish anything they want
in life
b. They give the handicapped the
opportunity to compete and excel
c. They don’t cost the government anything
3. Special Olympians have proved that
a. The glory of competition, not just
winning, is all-important
b. A true winner is one who finishes a race
first
c. A restricted life is probably the safest for
most of them
cba

APPLICATION
PREDICTING
OUTCOMES
 RICHARD’S TEETH
Richard was not looking forward to his trip
to the dentist. Knew he had not taken very good
care of his teeth in the past year. He liked to eat
a lot of candy. His mother always had to remind
him to brush his teeth in the morning and before
he went to bed. Even then he would often forget.
Sure enough, the dentist found many cavities.
Richard had to go back four times before all the
work was done.
1. Richard probably
a. Liked having his teeth worked
b. Wished he had taken better care of his
teeth
c. Enjoyed going to the dentist
2. During the next year Richard
a. Took much better care of his teeth
b. Brushed his teeth less often than before
c. Had all his teeth pulled out
3. Richard even began
a. Eating more candy
b. Eating less candy
c. Taking more baths
4. When Richard went back to the dentist
a. He probably didn’t have any new cavities
b. The dentist was angry with him
c. The old cavities had disappeared
5. If Richard continue eating lots of candy
a. His will become healthy
b. His teeth will more dirty
c. His teeth will more cavities
 babac

APPLICATION
 A STORY WITH A LESSON
An old fable tells the story of a fox and a
crow. The crow was perched high in a tree when
the hungry fox happened by. The fox noticed
that the crow held a large piece of a cheese in its
beak. “Good morning, my friend,” said the fox.
”What a fine a find looking bird you are! What a
beautiful black coat you have! I’m sure you can
sing very well too. You must have the finest
voice in the forest.” The crow was flattered. He
opened his beak and began to sing.
 1. The crow
a. Dropped the cheese
b. Fell out of the tree
c. Sang like a canary
2. The fox
a. Ate the crow
b. Ate the cheese
c. Enjoyed the song
3. The crow
a. Learned a lesson
b. Flew away
c. Ate the fox
4. The fox
a. Was pleased with himself
b. Was not very smart
c. Liked the crow’s song
5. The crow
a. Believe the fox
b. Flattered by
c. Believe himself
abaab
APPLICATION
 THE MUSTARD SEED
Many people in Asia are followers of the
Buddhist religion. They follow the teachings of a
man called Buddha, who lived in India about
2,500 years ago. Many stories are told about the
wisdom of Buddha. One story tells of a woman
whose son became ill, and died. Her friends and
family tried to comfort her, but she was in
consoled. For days her screaming and wailing ran
through the village. Finally she got the idea that
Buddha might somehow be able to bring her son
back to life. “I will restore your son’s life,” he
said, “if you bring me a mustard seed from a
house that has never known death. “The woman
hurried back to the village and knocked on the
first door she came to. “We cannot help you,”
the people there told her.. “Death is no stranger
her.” She went on to the next house and told her
story. “We cannot help you,” she was told again.
“In this house many have died.
1. The woman
a. Stopped after the second house
b. Stopped after the third house
c. Went every house in the village
2. The woman
a. Brought the mustard seed to Buddha
b. Was not able to find a mustard seed
c. Was not able to find a house that had
never known death
3. When she returned to Buddha
a. He restored her son’s life
b. He broke his promise
c. He asked her if she still wanted her son
brought back to life
4. The woman learned that
a. Grief is something that everyone
experience
b. Mustard seeds are not hard to find
c. Buddha was not so wise after all
5. Buddha is
a. A true god
 b. Is creature
c. A creation

cccac

APPLICATION
 TIMOTHY’S PROMISE
Timothy was miserable. He sat at the dining
room table in a terrible mood, glaring at his
plate. “Eat your liver, Timothy, or there will be no
dessert,” said his father. “That’s right, Timothy,”
said his mother. “You must learn to enjoy all
foods, and not be fussy. “Slowly, unhappily,
Timothy began to chew the food he disliked more
than any other. He knew he had no choice, so he
just tried to think of other things as he ate. It
took him fifteen minutes, but he finally finished
the liver. When he was finished, he said to
himself, “When I am a parent, my children can
eat just what they want. No child should be
forced to eat liver.
1. When Timothy finished the liver, he
probably
a. Asked for another helping
b. Hoped he’d never have to eat it again
c. Had grown to like it
2. After dinner, Timothy’s parents probably
a. Let him have dessert
b. Said he couldn’t have dessert after all
c. Give him some more liver
3. When Timothy grows up, he will probably
a. Never visit his parents
b. Not to buy liver
c. Eat liver once a week
4. Timothy’s parents will probably
a. Serve liver again sometime
b. Never buy liver again
c. Be sorry that they forced Timothy to eat
liver
5. Timothy promised
a. Not to eat liver again
b. His children will not force to eat liver
 c. Buy more liver

babab

APPLICATION
 THE BEST POLICY
As Paul stood before the door to the
principal’s office he felt ashamed. Mr. Harvey has
caught him cheating on his history exam and,
without waiting for an examination, he sent him
immediately to Ms. Conlin’s office. Paul walked
slowly down the hall wondering what to do. He
almost decided to deny the accusation. He
considered going home rather than facing Ms.
Conlin. She would be so disappointed in him. Paul
had always been an excellent student and he was
never before known to lie or cheat. It was only
because his mother had ill and he had to help
take care of his brothers and sisters that he
cheated on the final history exam. Paul took a
deep breath and knocked lightly on the
principal’s door. Ms Conlin called out, “Come in.”
1. Paul decided to
a. Run away from home
b. Tell the truth
c. Deny the accusation
2. Ms. Conlin said she
a. Was disappointed
i