Scribd
Upload
5 views

chap 4

The document discusses key concepts in database integrity, including data integrity, referential integrity, and the differences between entity and referential integrity. It covers normalization, its purpose, and the types of dependencies such as partial and transitive dependencies, as well as database anomalies and redundant information. Additionally, it provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Babar ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

chap 4

The document discusses key concepts in database integrity, including data integrity, referential integrity, and the differences between entity and referential integrity. It covers normalization, its purpose, and the types of dependencies such as partial and transitive dependencies, as well as database anomalies and redundant information. Additionally, it provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Babar ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Punjab Group of Colleges

Past Papers Short Questions Computer Science Part-II

Chapter#4
Q1: What is meant by data integrity? What are the two types?
Database integrity refers to the consistency and correctness of data stored in a database. It is
another form of database protection. Key features of data integrity include Consistency,
Accuracy, Completeness, Reliability, Validity, and Security.
Q2: Define referential integrity. How can it be achieved?
Referential integrity refers to the rules related to foreign key values. It states that a foreign key
value in child table must match with the primary key value of its parent table or its value must be
completely null.
Q3: Differentiate between Entity Integrity and Referential Integrity.
Entity Integrity
Entity integrity refers to the rules related to primary key values that state:
 Primary key attributes must not contain null values.
 Primary key attribute cannot contain duplicate values.
Referential Integrity
Referential integrity refers to the rules related to foreign key values. It states that a foreign key
value of child table must match the primary key value of its parent table or its value must be
completely null.
Q4: What is Homonym?
A homonym is created when the same name is used for two different attributes. Consider the
following example:
CUSTOMER SUPPLIER
Company_Name Company_Name (error)
We should use Supplier_Name instead of Company_Name in SUPPLIER.
Q5: What do you mean by Synonyms?

Q6: Define functional dependency with an example.

Q7: What is normalization? How it can be used to bring the database to a consistent state?
Normalization is the process of converting complex data structures into simple and stable data
structures. It is based on the analysis of functional dependence. By removing all types of
dependencies database becomes more consistent.
Q8: Why is Normalization Used?
We use normalization to organize and structure data in a way that prevents repetition and makes
it easier to manage and access information efficiently.
Q9: Define Database Anomalies.
Anomaly in a database means something unusual or wrong with the data, causing problems like
errors or confusion when working with the database.
Q10: When is a relation in 3NF?
A table is in Third Normal form if and only if:
 It is in 2nd Normal Form.
 There is no transitive dependency.
Q11: Differentiate between partial dependency and transitive dependency.
Partial functional dependency occurs when one or more non-key attributes are functionally
dependent on part (but not all) of the primary key.
Transitive dependency occurs when one or more non-key attributes are functionally dependent on
other non-key attributes. It is a functional dependency between two (or more) non-key attributes
in a relation.
Q12: What is redundant information?
Storing the same information in two different ways or forms. Consider the example:
Employee
Employee _ Age (error)
D_O _ Birth
Q13: Explain transitive dependency with an example.
Transitive dependency occurs when a non-prime attribute is functionally dependent on another
non-prime attribute, rather than on the primary key. For instance, in a "Students_Courses" table,
if "Teacher" depends on "Course", and "Course" depends on "Student_ID", it leads to transitive
dependency.
Q14: What is partial dependency in a database? Provide an example.
Partial dependency occurs when a non-prime attribute is functionally dependent on only a part
(but not all) of the primary key. For example, in an "Orders" table, if Customer_Name depends
only on Order_ID, it leads to partial dependency.

You might also like