What is Private IP network?

Private IP network is an IP network that is not directly connected to the Internet

What is (NAT) ?
NAT is a router function where IP addresses (and possibly port numbers) of IP datagrams are
replaced at the boundary of a private network
NAT in Different Flavors
Static
Dynamic
Overloading
Overlapping
What is static and dynamic?
Static NAT: (one to one) from unregistered(local) to registered (global).
Dynamic NAT: (one to one) similar to Static Nat, but assigns from a pool of registered IP
addresses.
What is Overlapping and Overlapping ?
Overloading: (many to one) Most common NAT at homes and small businesses.
Overlapping: (many to many) Most common in organizations.
NAT Summary
•NAT provides transparent and bi-directional connectivity between •networks having
arbitrary addressing schemes
•NAT eliminates costs associated with •host renumbering
•NAT conserves IP addresses
•NAT eases IP address management
•NAT enhances network privacy
Logical addressing ?
communication at the network layer is host-to-host (computer-to-computer)
An IPv4 address ?
An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely
Network addresses?
A very important concept in IP addressing is the network address.
Network Address Translation (NAT) ?
The number of home users and small businesses that want to use the Internet is ever
increasing.
Unicast address ?
A unicast address defines a single computer.
IPv6 defines two types of unicast addresses:?
1. geographically based
2. provider-based.
Multicast addresses ?
Multicast addresses are used to define a group of hosts instead of just one.
Any-cast ?
is a network addressing and routing methodology in which a single destination address has
multiple routing paths to two or more endpoint destinations
Local addresses ?
These addresses are used when an organization wants to use IPv6 protocol without being
connected to the global Internet.
Types of local addresses?
1 • Link local 2 • site local
What is link local addresses?
A link- local address in self-generated when a computer boots up.
site-local address?
site-local addresses , that could be used within a "site" for private IPv6 networks.
What is transport layer?
The transport layer: is represented by two protocols: TCP and UDP
What is SCTP?
is a connection- oriented protocol in computer networks which provides a full-duplex
association.
What is P2P ?
P2P (Peer-to-Peer) is a file-sharing technology,
Internet model has three protocols at the transport layer:?
1. UDP,
2. TCP,
3. SCTP.
Date link layer ?
Date link layer is responsible for delivery of frames between two neighboring nodes over a
link.
network layer ?
The network layer is responsible for delivery of datagrams between two hosts.
transport layer ?
The transport layer is responsible for process-to-process delivery-the delivery of a packet,
large network ?
A large network: is usually made up of hundreds of entities that are physically or logically
connected to one another.
Security management ?
Security management: is responsible for controlling access to the network based on the
predefined policy.
Accounting management ?
Accounting management: is the control of users' access to network resources through
charges.
What is (SNMP) ?
(SNMP) is a framework for managing devices in an internet using the TCP/IP protocol suite.
remote computer ?
A remote computer can run several server programs at the same time,
Client /server paradigm?
Although there are several ways to achieve process-to-process communication,
Types of Client /server ?
1. Local host
2. Local process
3. Remote host
4. Remote process
Addressing ?
At the network layer, we need an IP address to choose one host among millions.
client program ?
The client program defines itself with a port number,
Network management can be five ?
•configuration management
•fault management
•performance management
•security management
•and accounting management
Configuration management can be divided into two subsystems:?
•Reconfiguration
• Documentation.
Types of reconfiguration ?
•hardware reconfiguration,
•software reconfiguration,
•and user-account reconfiguration.
Hardware reconfiguration ?
covers all changes to the hardware. For example, a desktop computer may need to move be
replaced.
Software reconfiguration ?
covers all changes to the software. For example, new software may need to be installed on
servers or clients.
User-account reconfiguration ?
is not simply adding or deleting users on a system. You must also consider the user
privileges,
Documentation ?
The original network configuration and each subsequent change must be recorded
meticulously.
Types of Documentation?
hardware, software, and user accounts.
Fault management ?
Fault management is the area of network management that handles this issue.
management system has two subsystems ?
1• reactive fault management .
2• proactive fault management.
Performance management ?
Performance management tries to quantify performance by using some measurable quantity
such as;
1 capacity, 2 traffic 3 throughput, or
4 response time.
Capacity ?
One factor that must be monitored by a performance management system is the capacity of
the network.
Throughput ?
We can measure the throughput of an individual device (such as a router) or a part of the
network.
Traffic ?
can be measured in two ways: internally and externally. Internal traffic is measured by the
number of packets (or bytes) traveling inside the network.
Throughput ?
We can measure the throughput of an individual device (such as a router) or a part of the
network.
Response time?
is normally measured from the time a user requests a service to the time the service is
granted.
Types of Management Components ?
1. Structure of Management Information (SMI)
2. Management Information Base (MIB)
component for network management ?
1. To name objects
2. To define the type of data that can be stored in an object
3. To show how to encode data for transmission over the network
Management information base(MIB) ?
Management information base: is the second component used in network management.

TRUE AND FALSE

1. A NAT is a method that enables hosts on private networks to communicate with hosts on
the Internet (T)
2. The maximum length of a datagram is 65,535 bytes (T)
3. Multicast addresses are used to define a group of hosts instead of just (T)
4. Transport layer is responsible for processes to processes delivery (T)
5. Overlapping (many to many) Most common in organizations (F)
6. There are four classes in IPv4 addresses (F)
7. Overloading Most common NAT at homes and small businesses. (T)
8. A NAT is a method that enables hosts on private networks to communicate with hosts on
the internet (T)

MULTIPLE CHOICES
1. is concerned with the monitoring and control of the network to ensure the network runs as
efficiently as possible Microwaves
a, Configuration management
b, security management
(c)Performance management
2. data communication has evolved since the inception of IPv4 in the 1970s
a,1980
(b)1970
3. 1990s.….. is a new reliable, message-oriented transport layer protocol
a, UDP
(b)SCTP
c, Wireless
4. is an IP network that is not directly connected to the Internet
(a) Private IP network
b, Public IP Network
5. NAT is
(a)Network Address Translation
b, Networking Address Translation
c, Both A and B
6. (One to one) from unregistered (local) to register (global).
(a) Static NAT
b, Dynamic NAT
c, Overloading
7. Is concerned with controlling access to the network
a, Accounting Management
(b)Security management
c, Performance management

COMPONENTS WORD
•Network Address Translation (NAT)
•Network address and port translation (NAPT).
•port address translation (PAT).
•(ADSL)
•Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
•content delivery Network (CDN)
Transport Layer Protocol(TLP)
•User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
•Stream Control Transmission Protocol(SCTP)
•Peer to peer (P2P)
•Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
•Structure of Management Information (SMI)
•Management Information Base (MIB)