2024

ENGLISH GRADE 7
GRAMMAR BOOK
TERM 4
1. Complex Nouns
Complex nouns are nouns made up of more than one word, often combining a noun with an adjective, verb, or
another noun. Examples include "toothbrush," "mother-in-law," and "sunflower."

Exercise: Identify the complex nouns in the following sentences:

1. My mother-in-law gave me a toothbrush as a gift.

2. The post office closes early on Fridays.

3. The firefighter rescued a cat from the tree.

4. We went to the swimming pool yesterday.

5. The sunflower bloomed in the garden.

6. She put the hairbrush on the counter.

7. They live in a high-rise building.

8. The classroom was full of students.

9. He bought a new laptop computer.

10. The dining table is made of wood.

2. Adjectives (Comparative and Superlative)

Adjectives describe nouns, and their forms can change to show comparisons. The comparative form compares
two things (e.g., bigger), while the superlative form compares three or more things (e.g., biggest).

Exercise: Identify the adjective and state whether it is in the positive, comparative, or superlative form:

1. This book is more interesting than that one.

2. She is the tallest girl in the class.

3. The weather today is hotter than yesterday.

4. This is the best cake I have ever eaten.

5. He is as smart as his brother.

6. That movie was less exciting than the last one.

7. My dog is smaller than yours.

8. This puzzle is the easiest of all.

9. Her voice is sweeter than honey.

10. The mountain is highest in the range.

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3. Prepositions
Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.
Common prepositions include in, on, at, by, and with.

Exercise: Underline the preposition in each sentence:

1. The cat is under the table.

2. She walked to the park.

3. We will meet at noon.

4. The book is on the shelf.

5. He sat beside his friend.

6. The keys are in the drawer.

7. We traveled through the tunnel.

8. They arrived after dinner.

9. The picture is hanging above the fireplace.

10. She jumped over the fence.

4. Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences

• Simple sentences have one independent clause (e.g., "She runs.").

• Compound sentences have two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., "She runs, and he
walks.").

• Complex sentences have one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses (e.g., "She runs
because she loves it.").

Exercise: Identify whether each sentence is simple, compound, or complex:

1. I went to the store, and I bought some apples.

2. Although it was raining, we still went to the beach.
3. The dog barked loudly.
4. She studied hard because she wanted to pass the exam.
5. I finished my homework, but I forgot to bring it to school.
6. They will come if they have time.
7. The sun sets, and the stars appear.
8. He ran fast, but he missed the bus.
9. When the bell rang, the students left.

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 10. She dances and sings well.

5. Adverbial and Adjectival Clauses

• Adverbial clauses act like adverbs and modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb (e.g., "She sings
when she is happy.").

• Adjectival clauses act like adjectives and modify a noun or pronoun (e.g., "The book that you gave me
is interesting.").

Exercise: Identify whether the underlined clause is an adverbial clause or an adjectival clause:

1. The movie that we watched last night was amazing.

2. Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.

3. The cake that she baked was delicious.

4. He will visit his grandma when he has time.

5. The boy who won the race is my friend.

6. She sings because she loves music.

7. The house where I grew up was sold.

8. I will go to the party if I finish my homework.

9. The car that he bought is very fast.

10. We were happy when we heard the news.

6. Synonyms and Antonyms

• Synonyms are words with similar meanings (e.g., happy and joyful).

• Antonyms are words with opposite meanings (e.g., hot and cold).

Exercise: Identify whether the pair of words are synonyms or antonyms:

1. Big - Large

2. Hot - Cold

3. Quick - Fast

4. Light - Dark

5. Brave - Cowardly

6. Happy - Joyful

7. Sad - Cheerful

8. Near - Far

9. Easy - Simple
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 10. Old – New

7. Adverbs
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and often answer the questions "how," "when," "where," or
"to what extent." Examples include quickly, yesterday, and very.

Exercise: Underline the adverb in each sentence and state what it modifies:

1. She sings beautifully.

2. He arrived early to the meeting.

3. The car moved slowly down the street.

4. They will visit us soon.

5. She is extremely happy with her results.

6. He rarely eats vegetables.

7. The teacher patiently explained the lesson.

8. The child spoke softly.

9. We left the party late.

10. The bird flew high in the sky.

8. Pronouns
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns in a sentence. Common pronouns include he, she, it, they, we,
and you.

Exercise: Replace the underlined noun(s) with the correct pronoun:

1. Sarah went to the market.

2. The children are playing in the park.

3. My dog loves to play fetch.

4. The teacher gave the students their homework.

5. John and I are going to the movie tonight.

6. The car is parked outside.

7. Mary and Paul are friends.

8. The book is on the table.

9. The flowers are blooming in the garden.

10. The teacher praised the students for their hard work.

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9. Simple Present, Past, and Future Tense
• Simple present tense describes habitual actions (e.g., "I play soccer.").

• Simple past tense describes actions that happened in the past (e.g., "I played soccer.").

• Simple future tense describes actions that will happen in the future (e.g., "I will play soccer.").

Exercise: Identify the tense of the verb in each sentence and write it down:

1. She runs every morning.

2. They played soccer yesterday.

3. He will eat dinner at 7 PM.

4. I go to school every day.

5. We watched a movie last night.

6. She will travel to Cape Town next week.

7. They study English on Mondays.

8. He bought a new car last month.

9. I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.

10. She reads a book before bed.

10. Active and Passive Voice

• In active voice, the subject performs the action (e.g., "The cat chased the mouse.").

• In passive voice, the subject receives the action (e.g., "The mouse was chased by the cat.").

Exercise: Identify whether each sentence is in active or passive voice:

1. The cake was baked by my mom.

2. He wrote a letter to his friend.

3. The ball was kicked by the player.

4. She paints beautiful pictures.

5. The homework was completed by the students.

6. They built a new house.

7. The song was sung by the choir.

8. The teacher explained the lesson.

9. The car was fixed by the mechanic.

10. She made a delicious meal.

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11. Direct and Reported Speech
• Direct speech quotes the exact words spoken (e.g., "She said, 'I am happy.'").

• Reported speech paraphrases what was said (e.g., "She said that she was happy.").

Exercise: Convert the following direct speech into reported speech:

1. "I am going to the store," he said.

2. "She is my best friend," Sarah said.

3. "We will win the game," the coach said.

4. "I love reading books," Mary said.

5. "They are coming to the party," John said.

6. "The sun is shining," the weather report said.

7. "He was late for school," the teacher said.

8. "I will help you with your homework," she said.

9. "The movie starts at 7 PM," he said.

10. "We have finished our project," they said.

12. Verbal Extensions

Verbal extensions in English often involve adding prefixes or suffixes to verbs to change their meaning or tense
(e.g., walk to walking, help to helpful).

Exercise: Identify the verbal extension (prefix or suffix) in each word and state its function:

1. Unhappy

2. Running

3. Helpful

4. Dislike

5. Talking

6. Misunderstood

7. Teacher

8. Playing

9. Quickly

10. Forgotten

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13. Degrees of Comparison
Degrees of comparison are used with adjectives and adverbs to compare one thing with another. The three
degrees are positive, comparative, and superlative (e.g., tall, taller, tallest).

Exercise: Identify the degree of comparison in each sentence:

1. She is as tall as her sister.

2. This test is more difficult than the last one.

3. He is the fastest runner in the team.

4. This apple is sweeter than that one.

5. It was the most interesting book I have read.

6. The weather today is better than yesterday.

7. He is the least worried about the exam.

8. This dress is prettier than the other one.

9. The elephant is larger than the lion.

10. She is more beautiful than anyone I know.

14. Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots

• Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word (e.g., un-, dis-).

• Suffixes are added to the end of a word (e.g., -ful, -ness).

• Roots are the main part of the word that carries meaning (e.g., happy in unhappy).

Exercise: Identify the prefix, suffix, or root in each word:

1. Unkind

2. Happiness

3. Preheat

4. Darkness

5. Rewrite

6. Joyful

7. Misplace

8. Quickly

9. Powerless

10. Unknown

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15. Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement means that the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular or
plural). For example, "She runs" (singular) vs. "They run" (plural).

Exercise: Choose the correct verb form to complete each sentence:

1. The cat (is/are) playing with a ball.

2. My friends (likes/like) to go swimming.

3. The teacher (explains/explain) the lesson well.

4. The dogs (barks/bark) loudly.

5. She (walks/walk) to school every day.

6. The flowers (is/are) blooming in the garden.

7. The boy (wants/want) a new bicycle.

8. They (was/were) excited about the trip.

9. The car (needs/need) to be washed.

10. Everyone (is/are) ready for the party.

16. Punctuation
Punctuation marks are symbols used in writing to separate sentences and clarify meaning. Common
punctuation marks include the period, comma, question mark, exclamation point, and quotation marks.

Exercise: Insert the correct punctuation in each sentence:

1. What time is it

2. She said I am going home

3. Wow That was amazing

4. I have a cat a dog and a fish

5. Can you help me with this

6. He asked Where are you going

7. It is raining outside

8. I like apples but I prefer oranges

9. That is Johns book

10. She is a good singer isnt she

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Possible Answers
1. Complex Nouns
1. Mother-in-law, toothbrush
2. Post office
3. Firefighter
4. Swimming pool
5. Sunflower
6. Hairbrush
7. High-rise building
8. Classroom
9. Laptop computer
10. Dining table

2. Adjectives (Comparative and Superlative)

1. Comparative
2. Superlative
3. Comparative
4. Superlative
5. Positive
6. Comparative
7. Comparative
8. Superlative
9. Comparative
10. Superlative

3. Prepositions
1. Under
2. To
3. At
4. On
5. Beside
6. In
7. Through
8. After
9. Above
10. Over

4. Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences

1. Compound
2. Complex
3. Simple
4. Complex
5. Compound
6. Complex
7. Compound
8. Compound
9. Complex
10. Simple

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5. Adverbial and Adjectival Clauses
1. Adjectival
2. Adverbial
3. Adjectival
4. Adverbial
5. Adjectival
6. Adverbial
7. Adjectival
8. Adverbial
9. Adjectival
10. Adverbial

6. Synonyms and Antonyms

1. Synonyms
2. Antonyms
3. Synonyms
4. Antonyms
5. Antonyms
6. Synonyms
7. Antonyms
8. Antonyms
9. Synonyms
10. Antonyms

7. Adverbs
1. Beautifully (modifies "sings")
2. Early (modifies "arrived")
3. Slowly (modifies "moved")
4. Soon (modifies "will visit")
5. Extremely (modifies "happy")
6. Rarely (modifies "eats")
7. Patiently (modifies "explained")
8. Softly (modifies "spoke")
9. Late (modifies "left")
10. High (modifies "flew")

8. Pronouns
1. She
2. They
3. It
4. He, them
5. We
6. It
7. They
8. It
9. They
10. He, them

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9. Simple Present, Past, and Future Tense
1. Simple present
2. Simple past
3. Simple future
4. Simple present
5. Simple past
6. Simple future
7. Simple present
8. Simple past
9. Simple future
10. Simple present

10. Active and Passive Voice

1. Passive
2. Active
3. Passive
4. Active
5. Passive
6. Active
7. Passive
8. Active
9. Passive
10. Active

11. Direct and Reported Speech

1. He said that he was going to the store.
2. Sarah said that she is her best friend.
3. The coach said that they would win the game.
4. Mary said that she loves reading books.
5. John said that they are coming to the party.
6. The weather report said that the sun is shining.
7. The teacher said that he was late for school.
8. She said that she would help with the homework.
9. He said that the movie starts at 7 PM.
10. They said that they had finished their project.

12. Verbal Extensions

1. Un- (prefix, indicates negation)
2. -ing (suffix, indicates present participle)
3. -ful (suffix, indicates having qualities of)
4. Dis- (prefix, indicates opposite)
5. -ing (suffix, indicates present participle)
6. Mis- (prefix, indicates wrongly)
7. -er (suffix, indicates one who performs an action)
8. -ing (suffix, indicates present participle)
9. -ly (suffix, indicates manner or degree)
10. -en (suffix, indicates past participle)

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13. Degrees of Comparison
1. Positive
2. Comparative
3. Superlative
4. Comparative
5. Superlative
6. Comparative
7. Superlative
8. Comparative
9. Comparative
10. Comparative

14. Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots

1. Un- (prefix)
2. -ness (suffix)
3. Pre- (prefix)
4. -ness (suffix)
5. Re- (prefix)
6. -ful (suffix)
7. Mis- (prefix)
8. -ly (suffix)
9. -less (suffix)
10. Un- (prefix)

15. Subject-Verb Agreement

1. Is
2. Like
3. Explains
4. Bark
5. Walks
6. Are
7. Wants
8. Were
9. Needs
10. Is

16. Punctuation
1. What time is it?
2. She said, "I am going home."
3. Wow! That was amazing!
4. I have a cat, a dog, and a fish.
5. Can you help me with this?
6. He asked, "Where are you going?"
7. It is raining outside.
8. I like apples, but I prefer oranges.
9. That is John's book.
10. She is a good singer, isn’t she?

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