1.

The grade wise concrete Proportion is :

M10 = 1:3:4, M15= 1:2:4, M20 = 1:1.5:3, M25 = 1:1:2, M30 = 1:1:1.

where M(n) is the grade, n is the compressive strength measured in Newton/millimetre2, and the
ratio represents the proportion of cement with fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.

What is the unit weight of Steel?

A:- The unit weight of Steel is given by 78.5KN/m3
2. What is definition of RCC:

Reinforced Cement Concrete or RCC is a material with a composed unit of strong ductile and high
tensile substance such as steel, combined with the rigidity of cement to enhance its elasticity and
tensile strength."

What’s the difference between a one-way slab and a two-way slab?

A. One-way slab: Ratio of Longer Span to Shorter span is > 2 whereas; For two-way slab, the Ratio of
Longer span to shorter span is <= 2

What’s the height of each floor?

A. 3m

What do you mean by the moment of inertia?

A. A quantity expressing a body’s tendency to resist angular acceleration, which is the sum of the
products of the mass of each particle in the body with the square of its distance from the axis of
rotation.

What is the allowable moisture content in Fine aggregate for the concrete mix?
A. We won’t use the aggregate if its moisture content is more than 5%

What is grouting?
A. Grout is a fluid form of concrete, which is used to fill the voids.

What is Seepage?
A. slow percolation of water through soil is called Seepage.

What is the Compressive Strength of brick?

A. Second class brick-70kg/cm2
First class brick-105kg/cm2
Fire brick-125kg/cm2

What is the name of the machine to get the compression test?

A. universal testing machine (UTM)

3. What are the concrete tests?

The two primary concrete tests are compression test and slump test because cement quality is often
determined based on its compression and ratio of water and cement. Permeability and rapid chloride
ion penetration tests ensure the minimum required density of concrete to avoid rust formation on
the steel reinforcement and subsequent cracking and spalling of concrete

4. What are the different types od slumps in slump test

The three different types of slumps are true slump, shear slump and collapse slump. True slump
marks a uniform decrease in mass of concrete in all directions without any signs of disintegration,
retaining the overall shape. Shear slump shows that a concrete mixture does not have any cohesion,
which results in the shearing of the top portion and a sideways breakdown. Collapse slump happens
when the concrete has excessive water in it. It results in bleeding and collapses easily because it is
unable to hold any kind of shape."

5. What are the steps in Curing?

 Creating a structure to shade the concrete surface

 Waiting for the water sheen to evaporate from the surface
 Covering the entire concrete surface with a light coloured fabric sheet to keep the concrete
moist
 Spraying water on the fabric regularly, while ensuring there are no pools of water getting
created
 Spreading polyethylene sheets on top and fastening their corners and edges to lock the
moisture beneath
 Repeating the moistening process for five to seven days to get the best results"

6. Can you explain why curing is not required to be done by creating water pools and polyethylene
sheets?

Water pools or ponds on concrete are only suitable in warm weather where it can evaporate at a
sustained rate. In cold weather, the water pools can freeze and expand, affecting the concrete's
overall strength. Moreover, creating ponds results in wastage of water. In windy areas, polyethylene
sheets can be blown away, increasing the risk of desiccation in the concrete.

7. What is Bleeding in Concrete?

Bleeding is a process in which excess portion of unabsorbed water segregates to the surface in
cement hydration.

8. Why are steel plates inserted in inside the bearings in the elastomeric bearing?

Steel plates are inserted in elastomeric bearing to instil a spring functionality and increase
compression stiffness of bearing. This addition limits excessive lateral bulge

What is Prestressing?

Prestressing is a construction process that increases the tensile strength of concrete even further
than ordinary RCC.

Explain what is flashing?

Flashing is an extended construction that is done to seal and protects joints in a building from water
penetration. Flashing is installed at the intersecting roofs, walls and parapets.

Explain what is Hybrid Foundation?

Hybrid Foundation is usually used for high rise building, it contains both soil supported mat and piles.
This type of foundation is helpful in reducing the amount of the settlement.
What is Water-Cement Ratio and How it is related to the strength of concrete?
The water-cement ratio is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete
mix. A lower ratio leads to higher strength and durability, but may make the mix difficult to work i.e.
low workability of Concrete Mix. Workability can be increased with the use of admixtures.

what is the difference between built area and super built up area?

• Built up area: It includes your carpet area plus area covered by walls, pillars and ducts. It is usually
10% more from the carpet area
• Super built up area: It includes your built up area plus the area that you use as building amenities
like passage to lift, stairs and lifts, gym, club, etc.

What are the types of cement?

There are various types of cement which are: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), White Portland
Cement (WPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Low Heat Portland Cement, Coloured Portland
Cement, Hydrophobic cement, Rapid Hardening Cement, Portland Slag Cement, Sulphate resisting
Portland Cement, etc.

What do you mean by honeycomb in concrete?

Honeycomb, also known as air pocket, is nothing but the air voids in concrete. It is usually formed
during concrete casting.

What is a bearing capacity of soil?

Bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the ground by the foundation
of the structure.

What is the minimum weight of fine aggregate for sieve analysis as per ASTM C136 ?
300 g

What is the minimum curing period?

IS 456 – 2000 recommends that curing duration of concrete must be at least 7 days in case of
Ordinary Portland Cement, at least 10 days for concrete with Mineral admixtures. It also
recommends that the curing duration should not be less than 10 days for concrete of OPC exposed to
dry and hot weather conditions and 14 days for concrete with mineral admixtures in hot and dry
weather

A wall constructed to resist the pressure of an earth filling, is known as

Retaining wall

What is the bending moment (BM) & Shear force (SF) – Explain.
A bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or
moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend. The most common or simplest
structural element subjected to bending moments is the beam.

Shear force is the force in the beam acting perpendicular to its longitudinal (x) axis. For design
purposes, the beam’s ability to resist shear force is more important than its ability to resist an axial
force. Axial force is the force in the beam acting parallel to the longitudinal axis.
What Do You Understand by M25 Concrete?
According to IS 456 : 2000, M refers Mix and 25 refers the characteristic compressive.

Strength of concrete cube of 150mmX150mmX150 mm tested at the end of 28 days should be

minimum 25 N/mm2

What Is The Unit Weight Of Concrete?

As per IS: 456-2000 Unit weight of Plain cement concrete is 24KN/m3 and Reinforced cement
concrete is 25KN/m3

What Are The Steps Involved In The Concreting Process, Explain?

steps involved in the concreting process are :
1. Batching
2. Mixing
3. Transporting and placing of concrete
4. Compacting.

Which Is The World’s Tallest Man-Made Structure?

The world’s tallest man-made structure is the Burj Dubai which stands at Approx. 830 meters tall.

What Is Ductility?
Ductility is the ability to deform under tensile stress.

How Do You Find The Weight Of A Steel Bar Used In Reinforcement?

Weight of Bar in kg/m = D2 /162.2 { D- Diameter of bar in mm }

What Is A Flat Slab?

The slab which is supported on columns (Flab slab don’t have beams)

What Is The Difference Between Engineering Stress And True Stress?

At any load, the engineering stress is the load divided by this initial cross- area. At any load, the true
stress is the load divided by the cross-area at that instant.

What Is The Honeycombing Of Concrete?

Honeycombs are hollow spaces and cavities left in concrete mass on the surface or inside the
concrete mass where concrete could not reach. These look like honey bees nest.

What Is Grouting?

Grout is a fluid form of concrete that is used to fill the voids.

What Is The Initial & Final Setting Time Of Concrete?

Initial Setting time: 30mins, Final setting time: 10hrs

What Are The Main Reasons For Building Collapse?

There are several reasons for building collapse. Passage of time is the main reason. Also weak
foundations, Natural calamities like earthquakes, Tsunamis, et
What Are The Basic Differences Between Absorption, Adsorption, And Sorption?
Absorption: It is the conversion or mixing of one material into another state.

Adsorption: The physical bonding of ions and molecules onto the surface of another phase

Sorption: It is a physical and chemical process in which one substance becomes attached to another.

Ex: cotton dipped in an ink bottle

How Do You Check The Quality Of Cement On The Site?

 Date of Mfg: Cement strength decreases with its age so it is very important to check.
 Color: The Colour should be grey with light greenish. color is an indication of excess lime
or clay
 Float test: A good cement will float for some time and then sinks.
 Also, When you put your hand in a cement bag you should feel cool.