ST.

LOUISE DE MARILLAC COLLEGE OF SORSOGON

GUBAT CAMPUS
FORMERLY: ST. ANTHONY ACADEMY
COGON, GUBAT, SORSOGON

Time Frame: Week 3-4

Module Ethical Standards in Writing

3 Related Literature

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _________________

Learner’s Target
 I can cite related literature using standard style.
 I can follow ethical standards in writing related literature.

INTRODUCTION
Welcome back, researcher!
In reviewing related literature, you come to read varieties of reading materials containing
knowledge related to your research. You have to acknowledge the source; they are not yours. One
cardinal principle in research is acknowledging or recognizing the owners of any form of knowledge you
intend to include in your research.
Don’t hesitate to ask me if you have some questions. Good luck!

EXPLORE
Sharing One’s Thoughts!
Answer the following questions.
 How do you acknowledge the source or the author when you are searching information in the
internet?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
 What do you think would the author of the book, article, newspaper, or other sources would feel
if you do not acknowledge them? If you acknowledge them?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

FIRM- UP

Ethical Standards in Literature-Review Writing

The ethical way of literature writing tells you to acknowledge the owners of borrowed ideas and put
quotation marks around copied words from books or articles. Intentionally or negligently disregarding the
use of quotation marks around words copied exactly is not only unethical but an indication of gross
plagiarism as well. You must be aware of the fact that with the surfacing of online sources of information,
software to detect plagiarism from online sources has likewise become so available in academic
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SLMCS – Gubat Campus | Practical Research 1 (Grade 11) Learning Module
 institutions. Proper citation and referencing is your way of freeing yourself from plagiarism and of
avoiding people from casting doubts on your honesty and integrity as a researcher. (Fraenbel 2012;
Ransome 2011)

The following are the three terms used to express your appreciation for or recognition of people’s
ownership of borrowed ideas (Sharp 2012):
1. Acknowledgment – the beginning portion of the work that identifies individuals who have contributed
something for the production of the paper
2. References or Bibliography – a complete list of all reading materials, including books, journals,
periodicals, etc. from where the borrowed ideas came from
3. Citation or In-text Citation – references within the main body of the text, specifically in Review of
Related Literature

Purposes of Citation
1. To give importance and respect to other people for what they know about the field
2. To give authority, validity, and credibility to other people’s claims, conclusions, and arguments
3. To prove your broad and extensive reading of authentic and relevant materials about your topic
4. To help readers find or contact the sources of ideas easily
5. To permit readers to check the accuracy of your work
6. To save yourself from plagiarism

Styles of
Citation
1. Integral Citation
This is one way of citing or referring to the author whose ideas appear in your work. You do this by
using active verbs like claim, assert, state, etc. to report the author’s ideas.
Examples of Integral Citation:
APA MLA
One study by Manalo (2015) reveals... One study by (Manalo 70)
The latest work by (Lee, 2015) asserts... The latest work by (Lee 123)
According to Abad et al. (2015) context is... According to (Abad et al.: 54)

2. Non-integral Citation
In contrast to integral citation that reflects the author’s personal inclinations to a certain extent, this
second citation style downplays any strength of the writer’s personal characteristics. The stress is given to
the piece of information rather than to the owner of the ideas.

In-text
Citation and
Referring to authors within the main body of the paper is called Citation or In-text Citation; at the
end of the paper, it is called Bibliography or References. The two most commonly used referencing styles
are the MLA (Modern Language Association) and the APA (American Psychological Association). The
following table shows you how these two referencing styles differ in some aspects.
Aspect APA System MLA System
Writing the Author’s name Full surname first, then followed by Full surname first, followed by
initials of first and middle name full first name, and optional
initial of the middle name
Writing the title of the Italicized title with only the
reading material beginning word capitalized
(exception: capital for every proper Underlined or italicized title
noun) with all content words
capitalized
Writing the copyright date Written after the author’s name Written after the publisher’s

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SLMCS – Gubat Campus | Practical Research 1 (Grade 11) Learning Module
 name

Examples of MLA Referencing Style

MLA style is a referencing method developed
by the Modern Language Association. It consists
of two parts: a brief in-text citation in the body of
your essay and a detailed list of the “Works Cited” at
the end of the work.
1. Citation or In-text Citation
 (Zobel 287)
 (Lopena, Torres, Bado 90–150)
 (Carlos et al. 134–150)
 (Gorio: 1: 66–70)

2. Documentary Notes
The same as the entries in a bibliography or References, except that, here, the first name precedes the
family name of the author.
Fely Decena, G. Globalization. Quezon City: GB Press. 2016
Mariano Lopez. Tropical Depressions.

3. Bibliography/References
One author
 Decena, Fely G. Globalization.(Quezon City: GB Press. 2016).
 Lopez, Mariano. Tropical Depressions. (Manila: Adarna Publishing House, 2016).
Two Authors
 Certeza, Nina C. and David, Jose L. Intercultural Competence. (Baguio City: KLM Co., 2018).
 Ramos, Hilario R. and Benitez, Rosie M. Academic Competitions. (Manila: National Bookstore,
2016).
Three Authors (List down the names in the order they appear in the title page.)
 Perez, Dino A., Mista, Dora C. and Paluan, Gloria F. CarcinogenicFoods. (Pasay City: ABC
Press, 2016).
 Flores, Lauro D. Aranda, Ben C., and Ferrer, Socorro V. The Manila Voters. (Quezon City: Abiva
Publishing House, 2016).
Three or More Authors (Use the first name in the list)
 Fuller, Norma N. et al. Trial Proceedings. (Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, 2016).
 Vinluan, Violeta et al. Labor Unions. (Pasig City: Hope Press, 2016).

Materials through Computers

1. Signed article in a magazine
Smith, Robert. “Email Craze.” Interactions. July 2016.
http://www.inter.com/Jol/labor.htm/
]

Examples of APA Referencing Style

An APA in-text citation includes only three items: the last name(s) of the author(s), the year the
source was published, and sometimes the page or location of the information. References include more
information such as the name of the author(s), the year the source was published, the full title of the
source, and the URL or page range.
1. Citation or In-text Citation

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SLMCS – Gubat Campus | Practical Research 1 (Grade 11) Learning Module
 Student teachers who use technology in their lessons tend to continue using technology tools throughout
their teaching careers (Kent & Giles, 2017, p. 12).
 (Lopena, 2016)
 (Cortez, Mabeza, Brado, 2016, pp. 120–130)
 (Ligos et al., 2016)
 Olidan (2016) maintains that...
 (Abunda, 2016, p.78)
2. Bibliography/References
One author
 Floro, J. A. (2016). The Colds Virus. Quezon City: GB Press.
 Gorrez, B. M. (2017). The Philippine Educational System. Manila: Adarna Publishing House.
Two Authors
 Oropesa, N. C. and Danes, J. L. (2017). Coron Islands. Baguio City: KLM Company.
 Reylado, M. R. and Sabando, J. M. (2017). Academic Institutions. Manila: National Bookstore.
Three Authors (List down the names in the order they appear in the title page.)
 Agoda, J. D. Oracia, B. C., and Torres, S. V. (2017). The Rescuers of super-typhoon Yolanda.
Quezon City: Abiva Publishing House.
Three or More Authors (Use the name of the first author listed on the title page.)
 Bora, E. N. et al. (2016). BIR Regional Offices. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore.
 Avilla, V. et al. (2016). Labour Unions. Pasig City: Hope Press.
Materials through Computers
1. Signed article in a magazine
Alegre, R. (July 2016). “Social-media networks.” Personality growth. Retrieved from
http://www.inter.com/Jol/labor.htm/
2. An
Editorial
“Politics in the
Philippines. (7
July 2016).”
Editorial.
Philippine Daily
Inquirer. Retrieved fromhttp://www.a-pinq.com/ed/2016/24/po4.htmlz/
Other Example:

DEEPEN
I. Arrange the following references using the APA style format.
1. 1999/Mathematics and Beyond/Talisay, Sorsogon City/Aklatan Publishing House/Juan D. Dela
Cruz

2. Lucy P. Torres/Practical Research 1/2003/Penguin Book House/Richie A. Gomez/Pasay City

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SLMCS – Gubat Campus | Practical Research 1 (Grade 11) Learning Module
 3. Name the parts of a reference/citation.
b.
a. d.

Rizal, Jose P. (1987). Noli Me Tangere. Rizal St. Sorsogon City: Rex Bookstore Inc.
e.
c.
a. b. c.

4. Alegre, R. (July 2016). “Social-media networks.” Personality growth. Retrieved from

http://www.inter.com/Jol/labor.htm/
d.

II. In your own words, paraphrase the sample RRL below:

Philippines is an agricultural country. Yet, productivity is declining as the country is facing a

burgeoning population of more than a hundred million, where majority of Filipinos are suffering from
malnutrition (Briones, et al, 2017). According to Sanchez Jr, F. C. (2015) building food systems that are
more sustainable, resilient and responsive should be the top priority. The production innovations have
been evolving more and more towards organic, sustainable or environmental friendly systems.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

TRANSFER
Concept Discovery: Proper Citation of Sources
Group Task 1: List down all the websites, authors, books, and other materials that you have used in
gathering information about your Research Problem.
Group Task 2: You are going to WRITE THE CITATION/REFERENCES in your Research
Paper, especially in your CHAPTER 2: RRL. Write the citation or references using the APA style.
Both information gathered from books, articles, or online sources. Kindly observe proper
PUNCTUATION MARKS.

Kindly follow the APA format

 For books, magazines, or other published materials:

Author/s. (Year published). Title of the book or article. Place of Publication: Publisher
Simban, J.H. (2012). Essentials of Hydroponics Farming. Cebu City, Philippines: Digital
Books.
 For materials gathered online (copy the exact URL):
Retrieved from: URL
Retrieved from: https://www.rasmussen.edu/student-experience/college-life/15-educational-search-engines/

MODE OF SUBMISSION:
 You can write your references in a short bond paper and attached it on your module.
 Encode it on a short bond paper and attach it to your module or send it to me via email:
[email protected].
 Font style: Courier New / Font Size: 12
 Type it and send it to me via messenger: Timmy Racelis

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SLMCS – Gubat Campus | Practical Research 1 (Grade 11) Learning Module
 Teacher’s Note: Another example of proper citation is like the References below.

REFERENCES AND WEBSITE LINKS USED IN THIS MODULE

Websites:
 https://www.rasmussen.edu/student-experience/college-life/15-educational-search-engines/
Books:
Baraceros, Esrther L. (2016). Practical Research 2. 84-86 P. Florentino St., Sta. Mesa Heights,
Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc

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SLMCS – Gubat Campus | Practical Research 1 (Grade 11) Learning Module