Welcome to this session where we'll discuss the origin of sociology.

Sociology is a social science that studies human society and social

behavior. It is relatively new field of study, but the thoughts behind it
go back a long way. The word sociology was first coined in 18 38, but
the ideas that sociology is based on have been around for centuries.
Sociology is a broad field of study encompassing various topics, including
social institutions, social groups, social interaction, social stratification,
and social change. Sociologists use various methods to study society,
including surveys, interviews, and participant observation. Sociology aims to
understand how society works and how social forces shape individual
behaviors. Sociologists believe that by understanding society, we can better
understand ourselves and the world around us. Let's look at the learning
objectives of this session. By the end of this topic, you will be able
to demonstrate the origin and development of sociology. Sociologists
including August Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, and Max Weber develop
theories to explain social changes and improve society. These early
sociologists were interested in understanding the social forces that were
shaping society. They developed theories to explain how these forces
worked, and they also offered suggestions for how to improve society.
Sociology analyzes people, communities, and societies to solve social
problems by understanding social patterns, relationships, and structures.
Today, sociologists use this research to understand how social forces shape
individual behavior and how societies change over time. They also use
their insight to suggest ways to improve the society. Let's look at the
origin and development of sociology. The Enlightenment ideals of reason,
science, and progress inspired sociology. Enlightenment thinkers believed
that society could be improved through rational thought and action, which
inspired the development of sociology as a scientific study of society. It
was born from the need to understand and fix social collapses caused by
industrialization and urbanization. It studies social groups and hierarchies
and organizations. Sociologists study society's social groups, such as
families, communities, and organization. It studies culture, relationships,
and social trends. Sociologists also study culture, a society's shared
beliefs, values, and norms. They also study relationship, such as those
between individuals, groups, and institution. And they study social trends,
which are the patterns of change that occur in society over time. The
term sociology was first coined in 17 80 by the French ethicists Emmanuel
Joseph CS. In an unpublished manuscript in 18 38. The term was reinvented
by August Kt. And envisioned it as the pinnacle of social sciences
combining history, psychology, and economics. T's sociological theory
proposed that human society progresses through three distinct historical
stages. The theological military, the metaphysical, legalistic, and the
positive industrial, with progress leading to resolving social problems. He
believed sociology should be approached as a positive science, like
natural sciences, seeking to discover natural and invariable laws governing
social phenomena and contributing to the advancement of human society. The
systematic study of society gained prominence due to upheavals caused by
the French and the Industrial Revolutions. During that time, the
intellectual community sought to analyze and understand the reasons behind
these rapid changes leading to the emergence of sociology as a distinct
discipline dealing with social order and change. While all social sciences
examine different aspects of social life, sociology offers a more in depth
explanation of why things are the way they are. Sociology has been
characterized as a debugging science because sociologists go beyond commonly
accepted meanings of social phenomena to comprehend reality as a social
construction. They explore how reality is established through our
understanding of it. Peter Berger argued that sociology represents a unique
way of thinking, fostering a particular awareness of the nature of social
life and a refusal to accept superficial or apparent explanations. Emil
DukamA, pioneering French sociologist, made significant contributions to the
origin and development of sociology as a distinct scientific discipline. In
the late 19th and early 20th century, Du Cam laid the groundwork for the
systematic study of society with his groundbreaking ideas. One of Dukens
key contribution was his emphasis on the importance of social facts, which
he defined as external forces that shape individual behavior and
attitudes. He argued that social facts are independent and can be studied
objectively, leading to a more scientific approach to understanding society.
Duhaime also focused on social solidarity, exploring how societies maintain
coherence and stability. He distinguished mechanical solidarity prevalent in
traditional simple societies. And organic solidarity characteristic of the
complex modern society. This distinction highlighted the role of the
division of labor in shaping social bonds. Moreover, Dukam's work on
suicide demonstrated the potential of applying scientific methods to social
phenomena. Through meticulous statistical data analysis. He identified social
factors influencing suicide rates, showcasing how sociological inquiry could
uncover hidden patterns and social forces. By emphasizing objectivity, the
study of social facts, and application of scientific methods, Duke
significantly contributed to establishing sociology as a legitimate and
distinct field of inquiry, fostering its development into a systematic and
influential discipline. Let us now summarize the learnings of this session.
Sociology arose in the early 19th century to investigate social
cohesiveness, disintegration, and group organization in reaction to societal
changes. It looked at social order disintegration and group organization
Corp founded sociology as a science of social phenomena subject to
natural laws. He believed that sociology could study social phenomena like
natural laws. Sociology developed a unique field that studied social order
change and deeper social phenomena. It uses a variety of methods to do
so. With this, we come to the end of this session. Hope you had an
enriching learning experience. Thank you.