ChE-104:

Health & Safety at Workplace (2,0)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Naveed Ramzan

 Introduction

Prof. Dr. –Ing. Naveed Ramzan

(DEAN Faculty of Chemical , Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering,
UET Lahore
• Chairman Department of Chemical Engineering (2016-2019)
• Campus Coordinator UET Faisalabad Campus (2013-2016)
• Convener Procurement Cell UET Lahore
• PhD in Process System Engineering Modeling (BTU
Germany)
• NEBOSH IGC UK, IOSH Approved Tutor
• OHSAS 18001:2007 Lead Auditor (IRCA UK)
• Train the Trainer series (IADT HABC level 3 UK)
• Resource Person CPD Training for PEC
• Resource Person PDC, UET Lahore
• Resource Person SBS
• Visiting Faculty PIRT (Superior University)
• Research Publications 105
IF > 62 Total Citation >950
H-Index = 14 i10 Index= 21
MSc Thesis Supervised >80 PhD = 7
• Book Contributions 4 Book Author 4 Patent 1
• Professional Trainings Conducted > 500
Class Ground Rules
• Start on time.
• Only one conversation, everyone participates
• Listen for understanding.
• Be open to new ideas.
• No one is wrong
• Ask “Why?”
• Try not to repeat points already made.
• Don’t expect course handouts to be replica of presentations
• Don’t expect the tutor to cover each and every slide
• Go through the Materials to be covered next day
• No rank and no ego
• Turn off your mobiles or put on silent.
What are your course expectations?


??: Any Question , want to ask at this stage??

ChE-104: Health and Safety at Workplace (2,0)
(1) Health and safety foundations: (a) Nature and scope of health and safety (b)
Reasons/benefits and barriers for good practices of health and safety (c) Legal frame
work and OHS Management System
(2) Fostering a safety culture: (a) Four principles of safety- RAMP (b) Re-thinking safety-
learning from incidents (c) Safety ethics and rules (d) Roles and responsibilities towards
safety (e) Building positive attitude towards safety (f) Safety cultures in academic
institutions
(3) Recognizing and communicating hazards: (a) Hazards and Risk (b) Types of hazards:
Physical (mechanical and non-mechanical), Chemical (Toxic and biological agents),
Ergonomics, Electrical, Fire (c) Learning the language of safety: Signs, symbols and
labels
ChE-104: Health and Safety at Workplace
(4) Finding hazard information: (a) Material safety data sheets (b) Safety data sheets and
the GHS
(5) Assessing and Minimizing the Risks from Hazards: (a) Risk Concept and Terminology
(b) Risk assessment procedure (c) Risk Metric’s (d) Risk Estimation and Acceptability
Criteria (e) Principles of risk prevention (f) Selection and implementation of appropriate
Risk controls (g) Hierarchy of controls
(6) Preparing for Emergency Response: (a) Fire (b) Chemical Spill (c) First Aid (7)
Chemical Management: Inspections, storage, wastes and security (8) Incident investigating,
recording and reporting, Monitoring, Review and Auditing Health and Safety
Recommended Books:

1. Robert H. Hill, Jr., David C. Finster “Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students” 2nd Ed.,
John Willey and Sons Inc. (USA): 2016.
2. Phil Hughes, Ed Ferrett, “Introduction to health and safety at Work: The Hand book for
the NEBOSH General Certificate”, Butterworth-Heinemann publications.

Mode of Teaching Course Evaluation

--- Lectures Midterm 30 %
--- Activities Sessional 30%
--- Assignments Final term 40%
Timetable

Tuesday
10:00 to 12:00 Sec B

Thursday
10:00 to 12:00 Sec A
 Health and Safety Foundations
(a) Nature and scope of health and safety
(b) Reasons/benefits and barriers for good practices of health and safety
(c) Legal frame work and OHS Management System

© TWI Gulf WLL 2008

 Learning Outcomes
On completion of this element, you should be able to
demonstrate understanding of the content through the
application of knowledge to familiar and unfamiliar
situations. In particular you should be able to:

• Outline the scope and nature of occupational health and

safety
• Explain the moral, social and economic reasons for
maintaining and promoting good standards of health
and safety in the workplace
• Explain the role of national governments and
international bodies in formulating a framework for the
regulation of health and safety

© RRC Training
 Scope and Nature of Health and Safety
• Multi-Disciplinary
• Barriers to Good Standards
• Definitions

© RRC Training
 Multi-Disciplinary
Health and safety practitioners need to be familiar
with:
• Chemistry/Physics/ Biology
• Engineering
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Legislation
– Standards which apply
– Strengths and weaknesses of options

© RRC Training
 Barriers to Good Standards
• Complexity of the Workplace
• Conflicting Demands
– Timescales
– Standards
– Budgets
• Behavioural Issues
– People failing to act as
desired or making mistakes

© RRC Training
 Definitions

• Health - absence of disease

• Safety - absence of risk of

serious personal injury

• Welfare - provision of
facilities

© RRC Training
 Health and Safety
The term Health and Safety is generally used to
mean an employer should:

• Promote and maintain the mental, physical

and social well-being of employees

• Protect employees and others affected by an

organisation’s activities to harm from risk

• Establish a management framework to

implement policies and achieve continual
improvement in health and safety
NEBOSH

The differences between

Safety and Health
The dictionary defines the words health and safety as follows:

Health - the condition of body or mind

Safety - not being exposed to danger or risks

In industry, Health and Safety means preventing accidents and work related ill health.
NEBOSH

The differences between

Safety and Health
Safety Health
Slips, trips, falls Exposure to
Falls from height hazardous chemicals
Struck by vehicles Exposure to
asbestos, dusts, etc.
Contact with electricity
Contact with moving Repetitive strain
parts injuries
 Definitions

Environmental Protection:
Prevention of damage to air, land, water and
living organisms

© RRC Training
NEBOSH

Welfare
Looking after people’s basic needs

Environment
The surroundings in which an organisation
operates including land, air and water,
natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and
their interrelationships
NEBOSH

Accident Definitions
An Accident
An unwanted, unforeseen, unplanned event which
results in a loss of some kind.

Near Miss (Incident)

An unwanted, unforeseen, unplanned event that had
the potential to result in a loss

Dangerous Occurrence (High Potential Near Miss)

A near miss with serious injury potential
NEBOSH

Ill-health Definitions
Work related ill health is:

"Any illness, disability or other physical problem which

affects a person and is caused by their working conditions”

Work related ill health may be temporary or permanent

Acute
Short term exposure with immediate
effect, usually reversible

Chronic
Repeated or long term exposure,
often irreversible
 Group Syndicate Exercise

Why might the

management of an
organisation not
consider health and
safety to be a priority?

© RRC Training
 Group Syndicate Exercise - Answers
Key points include:
• Competes with other business aims
– Requires time and resources
• Seen as a “cost” to business
– Ignorance of true costs of injury/illness
• Ignorance of legal duties
• Ignorance of hazards

© RRC Training
NEBOSH

Reasons for
Good Health & Safety Practice
Humanitarian/Moral
Ethical and responsible behaviour

Legal
Criminal and civil
liability
Cost
The costs of injuries and ill-
health
NEBOSH

Costs of Accidents at Work

Iceberg Model of Accident Costs:

… Visible Costs
Liability insurance

Invisible Costs
$16-75
NEBOSH

Hidden Costs of Accidents

Direct Costs of Insured Loss

Accidents

Hidden Costs of Uninsured

Accidents 37% Loss = 8 to 36
profits 5% op. costs times greater
than insured
loss
NEBOSH

Hidden Costs of Accidents

Accident investigation Loss of reputation
Payments to injured Damage repair
person
Replacement plant
Payments non
productive time Compensation
Replacement labour Legal fees
Training Insurance
Business interruption
NEBOSH

Benefits of Good Health and

Safety Practice
1) Increased levels of compliance
2) Improved production
3) Improved staff morale
4) Improved company reputation
5) Reduced accidents
6) Reduced ill health
7) Reduced damage to equipment
8) Reduced staff complaints
9) Reduced staff turnover
10) Reduced insurance premiums
11) Reduced fines and compensation claims
NEBOSH

Health and Safety Law

Law

A rule of human
conduct imposed
upon and enforced
NEBOSH

EVERY EMPLOYER MUST

ENSURE…….
• THE HEALTH, SAFETY & WELFARE AT
WORK OF ALL HIS EMPLOYEES
NEBOSH

Purposes of Law

Control of anti social behaviour

Regulate relationships
Resolution of conflict
Setting standards of behaviour
NEBOSH

Frameworks for Regulating Health

and Safety

1. Prescriptive
2. Goal Setting

The European (Goal setting)

The American (Prescriptive)
The International Labour Organisation
NEBOSH Enforcement of Health & Safety
Informal:
Verbal and Written Advise

Formal:
• Issuing legal mandates to comply with
the law and put right the breach
• Issuing legal mandates to stop
dangerous activities immediately
• Prosecution with the intent of
punishing the company or individual
which can lead to fines and/or
imprisonment
• Issuing a caution (warning), that can
be used in evidence at a later date,
often for minor repeat offences © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH
Implementation of Legislation
• Differences in legislative systems
• Different powers granted to the Enforcing
Authority
• Funding, number and authority of Enforcing
Authority
• The ability and knowledge of Enforcing
Authorities
• Different penalties for breaches
• Religious beliefs and cultural issues
• Level of reporting to Enforcing Authorities
• Public reaction and interest
• Political pressure © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

Sources of Information
External
• Government organisations e.g. Enforcing
Authorities
• National safety organisations /
Professional Institutions
• Various Standards Organisation such as
ISO and British Standards Institute (BSI)
• Suppliers and manufacturers
• Consultants and specialists
• Insurance Companies and workers unions
NEBOSH

Sources of Information
Internal

• Risk assessments
• Inspection reports
• Accident/incident records
• Medical reports
• Safety representatives
• Safety committee reports
• Company safety policy
• Maintenance reports
NEBOSH

Safety Management Systems

HSEG 65, 2003: ‘Successful Health and
Safety Management Systems’. (HSE)

ILO-OSH, 2001: Guidelines on

Occupational Safety and Health
Management Systems. (ILO)

OHSAS 18001, 2015: Occupational Health

and Safety Management Systems (BSI)
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

HSG65 Safety Management Systems

Policy P
O
Organisation P

Auditing Planning and

implementing
Measuring M
performance R

Reviewing A
performance
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

ILO-OSH, 2001 (ILO)

Continual
improveme
nt Policy
Policy
Organising
Action for Organising
improvement
Planning and
Audit
Implementation

Evaluation Planning &

Evaluation
implementation
Action for
Continual improvement
improvement
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

OHSAS 18001, 2007 (BSI)

• OH&S Policy
• Planning
• Implementation and operation
• Checking and corrective action
• Management review
NEBOSH

Safety Management Systems

Plan
ISO 9001 P
Do D
Step 1 Step 2
ISO 14001 Establish standards
for health & safety
Implement plans
to achieve
management based
on risk assessment objectives and
and legal standards
Plan requirements

Do Step 4 Step 3
Review against Measure progress
Check objectives and
standards and take
with plans and
compliance with
Act
Act appropriate action standards

A C
Chec
k
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

ELEMENT 2

Setting Policy for Health and Safety

NEBOSH

HSG65 Safety Management Systems

Policy P
O
Organisation P

Auditing Planning and

implementing
Measuring M
performance R

Reviewing A
performance
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

Purpose of Safety Policy

1. Management Commitment to Safety

2. Organisation and Arrangements for
controlling work related hazards
3. Protect people from injury and ill-health
4. Comply with legal requirements
5. Manage health and safety on a cost
effective basis

© TWI Gulf WLL 2008

NEBOSH

Safety Policy
1) General Statement
Declaration of intent
What
2) The Organisation
Responsibilities
Who
3) Arrangements
Procedures
How
© TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH

Statement of Intent
Demonstrates Management’s commitment to
health and safety and sets goals and objectives

• Signed by most senior person in organisation

because:

• Shows management commitment

• Gives policy authority

• Person who signs it has ultimate

responsibility
NEBOSH

Organisation
To identify health and safety responsibilities and
reporting lines within the company
Directors and Senior Managers – setting policy and
objectives
Line Managers – Implementing policy in their department
Supervisors – Checking compliance with the policy
Safety Advisors – Advising company on accident and safety
compliance
Employees – Responsibility for own and others safety
Fire Marshals – Ensure evacuation of building and roll calls
First Aiders – to provide first aid © TWI Gulf WLL 2008
NEBOSH
Arrangements
Set out in detail the specific systems and
procedures for implementing the safety policy
• Risk Assessments
• COSHH Assessments
• Emergency Arrangements e.g. Fire, First Aid,
• Written Procedures, e.g. SSOW, Permits
• Training Programmes, e.g. Manual Handling, DSE,
Fork Lift Trucks
• Maintenance Information
• Information/Consultation
• Personal Protective Equipment
NEBOSH

Safety Policy – Review/Revision

a) Accidents / Incidents
b) Changes in Organisation
c) Processes
d) Materials
e) Premises
f) Legislation
g) Work Patterns
h) Risk Assessments
i) Following Accident Investigation
j) Enforcement Action
k) Policy Review
l) Professional Advise
NEBOSH

Communicating the Policy

Employers must bring the policy to
Employees attention. This can be done by:
•Displaying it on notice boards
•Introducing it on induction and training session
•Considering it on team briefings and tool box talks
•Using newsletters
•Inserts in wage slips
•Posters
•Build into safe systems and codes of practice
•Managers to discuss with workforce
NEBOSH
Objectives and Targets
Objectives: General goals
Targets: Specific performance
requirements

Importance to an organisation of setting

targets:

Gives evidence on Management

commitment and motivates staff by giving
them something to aim for
NEBOSH
Targets in Health and Safety

• Reduce/Zero Accidents
• Zero Prosecutions
• Reduced sickness absence
• Reduction in compensation claims
• Improve reporting of minor accidents
• Improve reporting of near misses
• Increase numbers trained in health
and safety
• Improve audit scores
NEBOSH

Smart Goal Setting

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Timescale
Objectives
Objectives
Example 1: Objectives
POLICY To minimise injuries and illnesses to
employees

OBJECTIVE ToS.M.A.R.T
reduce theobjectives?
Loss Time to Accident (LTA)
rate
S by half
rateover the next
reduction two fiscal years
of 50%
(organisational level)
Reduce back injuries by 20%

TARGET ToM Can

reduce theuse 97 rateof
number and compare
back to 98
injuries in
Shipping & Receiving Dept. by 20% for year
A (departmental
1999
Within reason
level)
R Organisation, S&R department

T 2 years, 1 year measurement

Objectives
Objectives
Example 2: Objectives
POLICY To minimise injuries and illnesses to
employees

OBJECTIVE Increase PPE compliance level from current

78% to 90% by end of year

TARGET Production 7th floor to use new hardhat

selected by employee development team by
1st April
NEBOSH
Ineffective
Health & Safety Policies
• No commitment or leadership
• No annual objectives
• Health and Safety not given enough
priority
• Insufficient resources provided
• Personnel do not understand aims
• Too much emphasis on employee
responsibility
• No measure of performance
• Management unaware of their role
• No training of management in their
responsibilities
 Basics
Policy must... ... include continual
improvement

...be appropriate Commitment to prevention of

injuries & ill health
Policy
Top
Management
Commitment to
& Objectives for
...commit to
...be reviewed legal,
improve
compliance
...be
documented,
implemented &
...be available maintained
...be communicated