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Lecture-5 RAM Architecture

The document discusses the internal organization and operations of a 64x4 RAM, detailing the processes for data read and write operations, as well as the differences between SRAM and DRAM. It explains that RAM allows equal access time for all locations, while SRAM is faster and more expensive compared to DRAM. Additionally, it covers the characteristics and types of ROM, including MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM, highlighting their read and write capabilities.

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50 views

Lecture-5 RAM Architecture

The document discusses the internal organization and operations of a 64x4 RAM, detailing the processes for data read and write operations, as well as the differences between SRAM and DRAM. It explains that RAM allows equal access time for all locations, while SRAM is faster and more expensive compared to DRAM. Additionally, it covers the characteristics and types of ROM, including MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM, highlighting their read and write capabilities.

Uploaded by

watchoutguy765
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAM Architecture

Question: Draw the internal organization of a 64x4 RAM and discuss data
read write operation in it.

Answer:
Write Operation: To write any data in a location of memory, at first the input
buffer is enabled (E) by CS=1 and R/W=0. Then, the address of the specified
location is determined by decoding the address lines (A0 to A5). Finally, a
group of 4 bits data is sent through input data lines (I0 to I3) and written in the
specified memory location via input buffer.

Read Operation: To read any data in a location of memory, at first the output
buffer is enabled (E) by CS=1 and R/W=1. Then, the address of the specified
location is determined by decoding the address lines (A0 to A5). Finally, a
group of 4 bits data is sent from the specified memory location to the output
data lines (O0 to O3) via output buffer.

 Memory Access Time: Unlike a Sequential Access Memory (SAM, such as


HD, CD, DVD etc.), memory access time (data read/write operation time,
generally a read operation) in a RAM is not location dependent. That is,
equal for all location.
Memory Cell => Flip-Flop (FF) => store 1 bit data (for SRAM)
Memory Cell => Charged Capacitor => store 1 bit data (for DRAM)
Memory Word => Register => group of FFs or Charged Capacitor
(may be 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits long)
Flip Flop (FFs) : Cross Coupled NAND gate or NOR gate.

Question: Write the difference between SRAM and DRAM.

Answer:

SRAM DRAM
1. Faster RAM. 1. Slower RAM.
2. Each SRAM cell contains 2. Each DRAM cell contains 1
6 transistors. transistor and 1 capacitor.
3. Data density is low. 3. Data density is high.
4. No refreshing is needed. 4. Refreshing is needed.
5. More Expensive. 5. Less expensive.
DRAM Cell

Fig. DRAM Cell Structure


ROM
ROM is a primary memory used to store some embedded data and instruction for Input-Output
operation and other important operations. Unlike RAM, in a ROM data can only be read but not
write. Although in programmable ROM data can write but it is a complex operation. Processor can
direct access in ROM and executes its internal instructions.

BIOS: The full meaning of BIOS is Basic Input Output System. A BIOS is stored inside MROM.
The instructions of a BIOS are executed by the processor and a POST (Power On Self Test)
procedure is taken place for checking whether the input-output devices are in active status or not.

Types of ROM

MROM: This ROM maintains the basic characteristics of ROM. It is non-programmable (non-
writeable) ROM.
PROM: It is a one-time writeable (Programmable) but many-times readable ROM.
EPROM: It is a many-times writeable (Programmable) and many-times readable ROM. The
programming and erasing is done using UV light.
EEPROM: It is a many-times writeable (Programmable) and many-times readable ROM. The
programming is done using electricity.

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