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Follow the rules! | student's version

The document provides an overview of modal verbs, specifically focusing on 'have to', 'must', and 'should', explaining their uses in expressing obligation, prohibition, and advice. It includes examples and practice exercises to reinforce understanding of these modals. Additionally, it references a video for discussion on the Chewbacca defense and its implications in legal contexts.

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Julia Natsevskya
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8 views

Follow the rules! | student's version

The document provides an overview of modal verbs, specifically focusing on 'have to', 'must', and 'should', explaining their uses in expressing obligation, prohibition, and advice. It includes examples and practice exercises to reinforce understanding of these modals. Additionally, it references a video for discussion on the Chewbacca defense and its implications in legal contexts.

Uploaded by

Julia Natsevskya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Follow the rules!

1. Introduction
Read the paragraph below, paying special attention to the modal verbs.

Which modals do you recognize?

School management would like to remind students to park their cars and bikes outside of the
college campus. Students must not park in the staff parking lot in the university area. To enter the
library and campus buildings, students have to scan their student ID cards at the security area. If
you have lost your ID card, you should apply for a new one on the college website,
www.campusstservices.com.

Why do we use the modal forms?

2. Have to
We use have to express a rule or an obligation:

Do you have to drive on the left in Japan?


Yes, you have to drive on the left in Japan.

We use the auxiliary don’t to express the negative form of have to.
The expression don’t have to or doesn’t have to means a lack of obligation.

You don’t have to pay for the airport bus.


(= You are not obliged to pay for the airport bus.)

3. Must

We use must to express a rule, obligation or a prohibition:

Students must complete the course to get a certificate.


(Obligation)

We use not after the modal must to express a prohibition.

You must not smoke in this building.


(Prohibition)

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4. Must vs. have to

Must is used when the speaker feels something is necessary:


I must study hard to pass the exam.

Have to is used when there is a general obligation:


I have to wear a uniform at school.

You can use have to in the past to express a past obligation. The meaning of must changes in the
past to a deduction:
I had to work late last night.
Mark must have worked late yesterday. He came home at 10PM.

5. Practice have to vs. must


Complete the sentences with have to, don’t have to, must or mustn’t:

1. It’s raining today, so Henry _____________ wear his raincoat.


2. Today is a holiday, so I _____________ work.
3. You _____________ eat in the laboratory; it’s strongly forbidden.
4. You _____________ finish your meal if you’re not hungry.
5. I feel sick, so I _____________ leave early today.
6. There is a big storm, so the director _____________ close the school.

6. Should

Should is used to give advice or express a strong recommendation:

Should I wear a coat?


Yes, you should wear a coat because it’s cold.
The teacher should help her students. It’s her job.

The negative form of should is used to express a strong recommendation or obligation:

Mike shouldn’t speak so rudely to his mother.

7. Must / Should / Have to


Circle the correct modal verb in each sentence.

1. The children don’t have to / shouldn’t play near the deep river. It may be dangerous.
2. Do you have to / Should you pay taxes in Andorra? No, it’s a tax-free country.
3. You have to / should go to bed. You look tired.
4. Visitors don’t have to / shouldn’t pay a museum entrance fee.
5. Parents don’t have to / mustn’t hit children; it’s against the law.
6. We should / have to go to the Vatican as we are in Rome!

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english4tutors®
8. Watch the video:

The Chewbacca Defense is Used in Court - SOUTH PARK

9. Discuss the following based on the video you just watched.

1. Can rules be broken to fit one’s narrative?


2. Would you fall for the Chewbacca defense? Why do you think that?
3. Why do you think the Chewbacca defense can work as a red herring?

10. Review of should, have to and must


Complete the sentences with the words in the box:

had to / have to / didn’t have to / should / shouldn’t / must

1. When I was young, we _____________ pay to enter the attraction park. It was free.
2. You _____________ not smoke within five meters of this building.
3. If you want to be friends again with Mark, you _____________ apologize to him.
4. Maybe I _____________ wear a jacket. It’s cold today.
5. You _____________ borrow money from your parents. You’re 30 years old.
6. I went to bed early because I _____________ get up early for a flight.

11. Let’s practice expressing advice, obligation, and prohibition!


Read the following situations and react to them accordingly using should, must/mustn’t, and
(don’t) have to. For example:

Your best friend is throwing a birthday party.


You should buy a present. You have to dress up. You mustn’t be grumpy.

1. You’re walking home alone at night.


2. You’re going camping for the first time.
3. You have an important job interview.
4. You’ve just won $1,000,000.

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english4tutors®

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