9TH Geography

POPULATION
 • Refers to the change in the
• Birth rate
• India's population on March 2011 was 121 crores number of inhabitants of a • Death rate
• Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state. country/territory during a specific • Migration (Internal or
• Sikkim is least populous period of time. International)

Population of •
Relief
Children (below 15 years )
Distributions Growth and • Working Age (15-59 years )
Processes of Population • Aged (above 59 years )
by Numbers Change
Growth/ Change
• Number of Females per 1000
Distribution males in the population.
by Density Age Composition

Sex Ratio
Only informed and
• Calculated as the number of educated citizens can make
persons per unit area. intelligent choices and
• Rugged terrain & unfavourable Literacy Rate undertake research and
climatic conditions are responsible development projects
for sparse population in areas like
Arunachal Pradesh. • Northern Plains
and Kerala in South have very high Distribution of population
according to different types of
population densities because of flat occupation is referred to as
plains with fertile soil & abundant Occupational Structure occupational structure.
rainfall. • Occupations are classified as:
Health Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

NPP 2000 and Adolescents

• Policy emphasizes on protection from Adolescent Population Affects the process of development.
unwanted pregnancies and sexually National Population Policy • Death rates have declined due to
transmitted diseases (STD). improvement in public health,
NPP 2000 provides policy framework for Age group of 10 to 19 years prevention of infectious diseases and
imparting free and compulsory school • Constitutes one-fifth of the application of modern medical practices
education, reducing infant mortality rate,
total population. • High in treatments
universal immunisation of children,
nutrition requirements
promoting delayed marriage for girls
 CENSUS
A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. It is a
comprehensive source of demographic, social and economic data.

● First census was held in 1872.

● First complete census was taken in the
year 1881.
● Since then census have been held
regularly after every tenth year
 Total population of india
A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. It is a
comprehensive source of demographic, social and economic data.

● First census was held in 1872.

● First complete census was taken in the
year 1881.
● Since then census have been held
regularly after every tenth year
 Total population of India:

🔹 India’s population as on March, 2011 stood at 121 crore

(presently more than 130 crore).

🔹 India’s population accounts for 17.5 per cent of the world

population.

🔹 The population of India at 1210.2 million (121 crore) is almost

equal to the combined population of USA, Indonesia, Brazil,
Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan.
 Most populous state in India

🔹 According to the 2011 census, Uttar Pradesh is the most

populous state in the country.
🔹 Where the total population is 199281477.
🔹 Uttar Pradesh is home to 16 percent of the total population of
the country.

Least populous state in India

🔹 Sikkim is the least populous state in the country according to

the 2011 census.
🔹 Where total population is 607688.
 States with half the population of India :-

🔹 Almost half of India’s population lives in just five states.

🔹 These states are :-Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West

Bengal and Andhra Pradesh
 Population Density:-

Population density is calculated as the number of persons per unit

area.

Population density in India :-

🔹 The population density of India in the year 2011 was 382

persons per sq km.

🔹 Densities vary from 1,102 persons per sq km in Bihar to only 17

persons per sq km in Arunachal Pradesh.
 Population Growth :-

🔹 Growth of population refers to the change in the number of

inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific period of time,
say during the last 10 years.

🔹 Such a change can be expressed in two ways: in terms of

absolute numbers in terms of percentage change per year.
 Absolute Increase :-
🔹 The absolute numbers added each year or decade is the
magnitude of increase.
🔹 It is obtained by simply subtracting the earlier population (e.g.
that of 2001) from the later population (e.g. that of 2011).

Annual Growth Rate :-

🔹 It is studied in per cent per annum, e.g. a rate of increase of 2
per cent per annum means that in a given year, there was an
increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base
population.
 Process of population change:-

🔹 There are three main processes of change of population :-

🔶 Birth rates :- number of live births per thousand persons in a

year.

🔶 Death rates :- number of deaths per thousand persons in a

year.

🔶 Migration :- movement of people across regions and

territories. It is of two types :
Migration can be internal (within the country).

Migration can be international (between the countries).

🔹 Internal migration does not change the size of the population,

but influences the distribution of population within the nation.

🔹 Migration plays a very significant role in changing the

composition and distribution of population.
 Age composition :-
Age composition is one of the most basic characteristics of a population.
The population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad categories :-

🔶 Children (below 15 years) :- They are economically unproductive and

need to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.

🔶 Working Age (15-59) :- They are economically productive and biologically

reproductive. They comprise the working population.

🔶 Aged (59 years) :- They can be economically productive though they may
have retired and they may be working voluntarily.
 Sex Ratio :-
Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population.
It is an important social indicator to measure the extent of equality between
males and females in a society.

Sex ratio in India :-

🔹 The sex ratio in India is 940.

🔶 The state having highest sex ratio :- Kerala (1084)

🔶 The state having lowest sex ratio :- Haryana (977)

 Literacy rate :-
🔹 A person aged 7 years and above who can read and write with
understanding in any language, is treated as literate.

Literacy rates in India :-

🔶 The literacy rate in the country as per the Census of 2011 is 73 per cent; 80.9
per cent for males and 64.6 per cent for females.

🔶 The state with the highest literacy rate in India is :- Kerala (93.9%)

🔶 The state with the lowest literacy rate in India is :- Bihar (63.82%).
 Occupational structure :-
🔹 The distribution of the population according to different types of occupation
is referred to as the occupational structure . Occupations are generally
classified as primary , secondary , and tertiary .

🔹 These are :-

🔶 Primary activities include agriculture , animal husbandry , forestry , fishing ,

mining and quarrying etc.

🔶 Secondary activities include manufacturing industry , building and

construction work etc.

🔶 Tertiary activities include transport , communications , commerce ,

administration and other services.
 Health :-

🔹 Health is an important component of population composition, which affects

the process of development. Sustained efforts of government programmes
have registered significant improvements in the health conditions of the Indian
population.

🔹 Death rates have declined from 25 per 1000 population in 1951 to 7.2 per
1000 in 2011 and life expectancy at birth has increased from 36.7 years in 1951
to 67.9 years in 2012.
 Adolescent population :-

🔹 The most significant feature of the Indian population is the size of its
adolescent population. It constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India.
generally, grouped in the age group of 10 to 19 years.
 National population policy :-

Government of India initiated the comprehensive Family Planning Programme

in 1952 to improve individual health and welfare .

🔹 The NPP 2000 provides a policy framework for imparting free and
compulsory school education up to 14 years of age , reducing infant mortality
rate to below 30 per 1000 live births , achieving universal immunisation of
children against all vaccine preventable diseases , promoting delayed
marriage for girls , and making family welfare a people centered programme.
 NPP 2000 and adolescents

NPP 2000 also put emphasis on other important needs of adolescents including
protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs). It aims towards encouraging:

❖ Delayed marriage and child-bearing

❖ Education of adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex
❖ Making contraceptive services accessible and affordable
❖ Providing food supplements
❖ Nutritional services
❖ Strengthening legal measures to prevent child marriage
❖Homework questions
 23

Ques.1 Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of

the population in
(a) the area of departure (b) the area of arrival
(c) both the area of departure and arrival (d) none of the above

Ques.2 A large proportion of children in a population is a result of

(a) high birth rates (b) high life expectances
(c) high death rates (d) more married couples

Ques.3 What is the main cause for the high growth of our population?
(a) Rise in death rate (b) Decline of death rate
(c) Decline of birth rate (d) None of these
 24

Ques.4 In how many years is the official enumeration of population

carried out for census?
(a) 5 years (b) 16 years (c) 2 years (d) 10 years

Ques.5 Which state has the lowest population in India?

(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Sikkim (d) All of these
THANK YOU