PRESSURE INSTRUMENTATION

1. When climbing at a constant Mach number below the tropopause through an

inversion:
A) the CAS will increase and the TAS will decrease.
B) the CAS and TAS will both decrease.
C) the CAS will decrease and the TAS will increase.
D) the CAS and TAS will both increase.
2. Which instrument does not connect to the static system?
A) Altimeter.
B) Vertical speed indicator.
C) Vacuum gauge.
D) Airspeed Indicator.
3. The static pressure error of the static vent on which the altimeter is connected
varies substantially with the:
A) aircraft altitude.
B) static temperature.
C) Mach number of the aircraft.
D) deformation of the aneroid capsule.
4. The primary factor which makes the servo-assisted altimeter more accurate than
the simple pressure altimeter is the use of:
A) an induction pick-off device.
B) a sub-scale logarithmic function.
C) more effective temperature compensating leaf springs.
D) combination of counters/pointers.
5. Cruising at FL390, M.84 is found to give a TAS of 499kt. The ISA deviation at
this level will be:
A) -19.
B) -17.
C) +19.
D) +17.
6. Compressibility error in the ASI is normally corrected by:
A) Accurate calibration of the instrument
B) Use of the navigation computer
C) The error is insignificant and can be ignored
D) Use of a calibration card placed next to the instrument
7. The altitude indicated on board an aircraft flying in an atmosphere where all
atmosphere layers below the aircraft are warm is:
A) equal to the standard altitude
B) the same as the real altitude
 C) higher than the real altitude
D) lower than the real altitude
8. An aircraft is flying at a TAS of 310 Kt at FL290, temperature deviation is -6º C.
The local speed of sound is:
A) 583 Kt.
B) 596 Kt.
C) 570 Kt.
D) 563 Kt.
9. What will the altimeter of an aircraft on the aerodrome indicate with QNH set on
the subscale?
A) The airfield barometric pressure.
B) Airfield elevation.
C) The equivalent sea level pressure at the airfield.
D) Zero.
10. The reason for the adjustable index on the Machmeter being set at a different
Mach number on different aircraft types is:
A) to correct for the differing position errors
B) to correct for the differing instrument errors
C) to indicate the best cruising Mach number for that aircraft
D) because different aircraft types have different critical Mach numbers
11. During a missed approach and go-around procedure, the change of aircraft
attitude plus raising of the landing gear and changing of flap settings can cause
short-term unpredictable errors in certain instruments. The instruments most
likely to be affected in this case are:
A) the altimeter, artificial horizon, and vertical speed indicator.
B) the vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator, and altimeter.
C) the machmeter, airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator.
D) the airspeed indicator, machmeter, and vertical speed indicator.
12. Turbulent flow around a pressure head will cause:
A) density error.
B) an increase in the dynamic pressure.
C) approximately 95% of the position error.
D) 95% increase in manoeuvre-induced error.
13. The advantages of an ADC over a traditional pitot-static system are:

a. position and compressibility correction’s.

b. reduced lag

c. ability to supply many instruments

d. ability to act as an altimeter following failure.

A) 1, 2 & 3
B) 2, 3 & 4
C) 1, 3 & 4
D) 1, 2 & 4
14. When the barometric subscale of the altimeter is adjusted to 1013.2 hPa, what
type of altitude is being measured?
A) Indicated altitude.
B) Relative height.
C) True altitude.
D) Pressure altitude.
15. A servo altimeter has a quoted accuracy of 1 mb at mean sea level. The accuracy
in the standard atmosphere is:
A) ± 30 ft at 20 000 ft and ± 100 ft at 20 000 ft
B) ± 50 ft at 20 000 ft and ± 90 ft at the tropopause
C) ± 50 ft at 10 000 ft and ± 100 ft at 40 000 ft
D) ± 27 ft at MSL and ± 50 ft at 10 000 ft
16. VNO is the maximum speed:
A) at which the flight controls can be fully deflected.
B) which must never be exceeded.
C) with flaps extended in landing position.
D) not to be exceeded except in still air and with caution.
17. 41. As an airplane climbs higher, the true airspeed for a given indicated airspeed
will:
A) Decrease
B) Vary depending on the actual value of the indicated airspeed and the angle of
attack
C) Increase
D) Remain the same
18. If the pitot line to an ASI becomes totally blocked during a climb, the ASI reading
will:
A) progressively decrease.
B) progressively increase.
C) drop to zero.
D) remain unchanged.
19. What is the significance of the yellow arc in an airspeed indicator?
A) Normal operating range
B) Structural warning range
C) Never exceed range
D) Turbulent operations range
20. Which of the following instruments require pitot and static pressure inputs?
A) Airspeed indicator only.
B) Airspeed indicator, machmeter, and vertical speed indicator.
C) Airspeed indicator and machmeter.
D) Airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, altimeter.
21. At a constant calibrated airspeed (CAS), the Mach number:
A) remains unchanged when the outside temperature decreases.
B) increases when the altitude increases.
C) decreases when the altitude increases.
D) remains unchanged when the outside temperature increases.
22. The difference between static air temperature and total air temperature is known
as:
A) hot ramp radiation
B) corrected outside air temperature
C) the recovery factor
D) the ram rise
23. If the alternate static source is used, the resulting reading will be:
A) Too high reading of altitude.
B) Too low reading of airspeed.
C) No reading of airspeed.
D) Too low reading of altitude.
24. When flying from a sector of warm air into one of colder air, the altimeter will:
A) be just as correct as before.
B) overread.
C) underread.
D) show the actual height above ground.
25. Today's airspeed indicators (calibrated to the Saint-Venant formula), indicate, in
the absence of static (and instrumental) error:
A) The equivalent airspeed, in all cases
B) The true airspeed
C) The calibrated airspeed (CAS) in all cases
D) The airspeed, whatever the altitude
26. When descending through an isothermal level (at a constant Mach number) the
TAS will .... (i), the CAS .... (ii) and the LSS will .... (iii):
A) i remain constant ii increase iii remain constant
B) i decrease ii decrease iii remain constant
C) i remain constant ii decrease iii increase
D) i increase ii increase iii decrease
27. A pitot blockage of both the ram air input and the drain hole with the static port
open causes the airspeed indicator to:
A) read a little low.
B) freeze at zero.
C) react like an altimeter.
D) read a little high.
28. A pressure head is subject to the following errors:
A) position, manoeuvre induced and instrument errors.
B) position and manoeuvre induced errors.
C) position, manoeuvre induced and temperature errors.
D) position, manoeuvre induced and density errors.
29. The limits of the white scale of an airspeed indicator are:
A) VSO for the lower limit and VLE for the upper limit
B) VSO for the lower limit and VFE for the upper limit
C) VS1 for the lower limit and VLE for the upper limit
D) VS1 for the lower limit and VFE for the upper limit
30. If the outside temperature at 35 000 feet is -40° C, the local speed of sound is:
A) 247 kt.
 B) 686 kt.
C) 596 kt.
D) 307 kt.
31. Q19. In case of accidental closing of an aircraft's left static pressure port (rain,
birds), the altimeter:
a) Over reads the altitude in case of a sideslip to the left and displays the correct
information during symmetric flight
b) Keeps on providing reliable reading in all situations
c) Under reads the altitude
32. Q20. The altimeter is fed by:
a) differential pressure
b) dynamic pressure
c) static pressure
33. Q21. The advantage of a sensitive altimeter over a service altimeter is:
a) It does not form lag error.
b) Instrument error is really eliminated.
c) It can be used up to a higher altitude
34. Q22. The error in altimeter readings caused by the variation of the static pressure
near the source is known as:
a) position pressure error
b) barometric error
c) hysteresis effect
35. Q23. If the static source of an altimeter becomes blocked during a descent, the
instrument will:
a) under-read
b) gradually indicate zero
c) continue to display the reading at which the blockage occurred
36. Q24. The primary factor which makes the servo-assisted altimeter more accurate
than the simple pressure altimeter is the use of:
a) an induction pick-off device
b) more effective temperature compensating leaf springs
c) combination of counters/pointers
37. Q25. At sea level, on a typical servo altimeter, the tolerance in feet from indicated
must not exceed:
a) +/- 30ft
b) +/- 75ft
c) +/- 60ft
38. Q44. From where does the ADC obtain altitude data?
a) Radio Altimeter.
b) OAT sources.
c) Barometric altitude source.
39. Q45. If icing or debris cause pressure disturbances at the static source, the effect
will be?
a) Increased compressibility error.
b) Increased instrument error.
c) Increased position error.
40. Q46. In a barometric altimeter, ............ is fed into the capsule and ............ is fed
into the case?
a) Static pressure, dynamic pressure.
b) Vacuum static, pressure.
c) Dynamic pressure vacuum.
41. Q47. If the static pressure source in an un-pressurized aircraft became blocked,
the altimeter would ................. but might be rectified by ............?
a) Read zero break the altimeter glass.
b) Read zero open the windows.
c) break the VSI glass.
42. Q48. If the pitot source becomes blocked, the barometric altimeter will?
a) Freeze.
b) Read zero.
c) Be unaffected.
43. Q49. If the static vent becomes partly blocked in a descent, the indications will?
a) Be too high when descending but correct when at constant altitude.
b) Be too high when descending but correct when at constant height.
c) Be too low when descending but correct when at constant altitude.
44. Q50. A vibrator is sometimes fitted in an altimeter to?
a) Overcome gauge parallax error.
b) Reduce instrument errors.
c) Reduce sensing errors.
45. Q1. Dynamic pressure is:
a) Density and static pressure
b) Pitot pressure minus static pressure
c) Pitot pressure plus static pressure
46. Q2. The reason for having a square-law compensation in the airspeed-indicator
mechanism is:
a) The differential pressure decreases with the square of the airspeed
b) The ram air pressure decreases with the square-root of the airspeed
c) The differential pressure increases with the square of the airspeed
47. Q3. A pitot tube covered by ice which blocks the ram air inlet will affect the
following instrument(s):
a) Altimeter only.
b) Vertical speed indicator only.
c) Airspeed indicator only.
48. Q4. The Airspeed Indicator measures:
a) Static pressure
b) Differential pressure
c) Static pressure changes
49. Q5. If the static source of ASI is blocked during level flight, ASI will
a) Under-read
b) Over-read
c) Will read correct
It will be correct even if you accelerate or decelerate but not if you climb/descend.
50. Q6. If the static tube is clogged, which instrument(s) is/are affected?
a) Vertical speed indicator & ASI only.
b) Altimeter & VSI only.
c) Airspeed indicator, VSI, and altimeter.
51. Q7. Indicated airspeed corrected for position error is:
a) Calibrated airspeed.
b) Ground speed.
c) Equivalent air speed.
52. Q51. What will be the effect if the drain hole and pitot tapping in a pitot probe are
blocked, whilst the static source remains open?
a) The ASI will respond to changes in pressure altitude only.
b) The ASI will not respond.
c) The ASI will under-read at all speeds.
53. Q52. What do the upper and lower limits of the yellow arc on an ASI represent?
a) VNE and VNO.
b) VNO and VNE.
c) VMO and VNE.
54. Q53. If the pitot source and drain become blocked by ice when in cruise flight,
how will the ASI respond when descending?
a) It will under-read.
b) It will over-read.
c) It will read zero in all conditions.
55. Q54. At MSL in the ISA?
a) CAS = TAS.
b) IAS = TAS.
c) IAS = EAS.
56. Q55. In an ASI system, what does the pitot probe measure?
a) Total pressure.
b) Dynamic pressure.
c) Static pressure.
57. Q56. Upper and lower limits of Green arc in ASI indicate:
a) V1, V2
b) VNE, VNO
c) VS1, VNO
58. Q57. What will be the effect on the ASI if the pitot tube of an unpressurised
aircraft is fractured and the pitot drain is blocked?
a) It will over-read.
b) It will under-read.
c) It will give a constant reading.
59. Q58. If the pitot pipe becomes partly blocked?
a) The IAS reading will be too low when climbing.
b) The IAS reading will be too low when descending.
c) The IAS reading will be too low when descending and too high when climbing.
60. Q59. If the pitot pipe becomes partly blocked?
a) The IAS will be too high when descending.
 b) The IAS will be too low when accelerating.
c) The IAS will be too low at all times.
61. Q80. The airspeed indicator of a twin-engined aircraft comprises different sectors
and color marks. The blue line corresponds to the?
a) Maximum speed in operations, or VMO.
b) Optimum climbing speed with one engine inoperative, or VY.
c) Speed not to be exceeded, or VNE.
62. Q81. An airplane is in steady descent. The auto-throttle maintains a constant
Mach number. If the total temperature remains constant, the calibrated airspeed?
a) Remains constant.
b) Decreases if the static temperature is lower than the standard temperature,
increases if above.
c) Increases.
63. Q84. How will the mach meter respond in a constant CAS climb if the static
source becomes blocked?
a) Increase.
b) Decrease.
c) Remain constant.
64. Q85. How will the mach meter respond in a constant TAS climb if the static
source becomes blocked?
a) Increase.
b) Decrease.
c) Remain constant.
65. Q86. How will the mach meter respond in a constant mach number climb if the
static source becomes blocked?
a) Increase.
b) Decrease.
c) Remain constant.
66. Q90. VMO is calculated based on?
a) TAS.
b) EAS.
c) CAS.
67. Q91. If the static source becomes blocked the mach meter will .......... as an
aircraft climbs?
a) Over indicate.
b) Under indicate.
c) Not indicate.
68. Q92. If temperature decreases when flying at constant CAS at FL 200, the mach
meter indication will ........ and the true mach number will ......?
a) Increase increase.
b) Decrease decrease.
c) Not change increase.
69. Q93. Mach meter indications?
a) Are temperature related.
b) Increase with temperature.
c) Are independent of temperature.
70. Q94. What is actually measured by a mach meter?
a) Pitot pressure.
b) The ratio of (pitot pressure - static pressure) to static pressure.
c) The ratio of static pressure to dynamic pressure.
71. Q95. If temperature increases by 5 degrees C during a constant mach number
descent, what will happen to CAS?
a) Increase by 5 Kts.
b) Increase by 10 Kts.
c) Remain constant.
72. Q1. IVSI is more useful over normal VSI as its indications are:
a) More reliable during steady climb/descend
b) More reliable when a/c initiates climb/descend
c) Reliable at all times
73. Q2. A/C fitted with IVSI will have
a) Climbing indications during turn
b) Descend indications during turn
c) Will show correct during turns.
74. Q4. The response time of a vertical speed detector may be increased by adding a:
a) Second calibrated port
b) Correction based on an accelerometer sensor
c) Bimetallic strip
75. Q8. If the static vent becomes blocked during climb:
a) the VSI will indicate an increasing rate of climb.
b) the VSI will indicate a decreasing rate of climb.
c) the VSI will return to zero.
76. Q9. Entering ground effect is likely to?
a) Decrease static pressure but increase pitot pressure.
b) Decrease pitot pressure but increase static pressure.
c) Increase position errors.
77. Q10. If metered orifice in VSI becomes partly blocked, VSI indication will be:
a) Too high when climbing
b) Too low when descending
c) Too high when climbing / descending
78. Q11. If the casing of VSI in a pressurized a/c develops a leak, VSI indications
will be:
a) Too low when climbing or descending
b) Too high when climbing or descending
c) Too high when climbing and too low when descending
79. Q12. If casing of VSI in an unpressurized a/c develops a leak.
a) It will over read
b) It will under read
c) It will read zero. If there is a leak, pressure will quickly equalize with
atmospheric pressure in capsule, so, difference is zero.
80. Q13. The vertical speed indicator indications may be in error for some seconds
after starting or finishing a climb or descent. The error is a result of:
a) a combination of time lag and instrument error.
 b) a combination of time lag and manoeuvre induced errors.
c) a combination of position error and manoeuvre induced errors.
81. Q14. If the pitot pipe becomes partly blocked?
a) The VSI indication will be too low when climbing.
b) The VSI will be too low when descending.
c) The VSI will not be affected.
82. Q21. The errors to which the Mach meter is subject are:
a) instrument error, position error, compressibility error and manoeuvre induced
error.
b) instrument error, position error, density error and manoeuvre induced error.
c) instrument error, position error.
83. Q22. The combined Mach meter / ASI is subject to the following errors:
a) instrument and compressibility only
b) instrument, pressure and temperature only
c) position, density, instrument, compressibility, manoeuvre induced
84. Q23. How many diaphragms are present in a basic Mach meter?
a) Four.
b) Two.
c) Three.
85. Q24. Indication of Mach number is obtained from:
a) indicated speed and altitude using a speed indicator equipped with an altimeter
type aneroid
b) an ordinary airspeed indicator scaled for Mach number instead of knots
c) a kind of echo sound comparing velocity of sound with indicated speed
86. Q25. The Mach number is the:
a) true airspeed (TAS) divided by the local speed of sound
b) equivalent airspeed (EAS) divided by the local speed of sound
c) indicated airspeed (IAS) divided by the local speed of sound
87. Q26. The principle of the Mach indicator is based on the computation of the ratio:
a) (Pt+Ps) to Ps
b) Pt to Ps
c) (Pt-Ps) to Ps
88. Q27. The Mach number is:
a) a direct function of temperature; it varies in proportion to the square root of the
absolute temperature
b) The ratio of the aircraft true airspeed to the sonic velocity at the altitude
considered
c) the ratio of the aircraft conventional airspeed to the sonic velocity at the
altitude considered
89. Q28. Sound propagates through the air at a speed which only depends on:
a) temperature
b) temperature and the pressure
c) pressure
90. Q75. V_FE is ............... and is indicated by the ........ on an ASI?
a) Max speed for flap retraction → upper end of green arc.
b) Max speed for flap down flight → upper end of white arc.
c) Max speed for flaps up flight → lower end of white arc.