See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/385619069

Kinesthetic Learning: Hands-On Learning and Active Engagement

Article · October 2024

CITATIONS READS
0 2,556

1 author:

Oluwaseyi Kolawole Oladele

Federal University of Agriculture
50 PUBLICATIONS 9 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Oluwaseyi Kolawole Oladele on 07 November 2024.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Kinesthetic Learning: Hands-On Learning and Active
Engagement
Date: October 26 2024
Author: Oluwaseyi Kolawole Oladele
Abstract
Kinesthetic learning, also known as tactile or hands-on learning, is an educational
approach that emphasizes active participation and physical engagement to enhance
understanding and retention. This learning style is particularly effective for students who
learn best by doing, as it allows them to interact with the material directly, rather than
passively observing or listening. Kinesthetic learners benefit from activities that involve
movement, manipulation of objects, and real-world experiences, which can make abstract
concepts more tangible and memorable.

This paper explores the key principles of kinesthetic learning, examining how physical
activity and experiential methods contribute to cognitive development and knowledge
retention. It highlights various teaching strategies and tools that can support kinesthetic
learning, such as lab experiments, role-playing, field trips, and interactive simulations.
Additionally, the paper discusses the application of kinesthetic learning in different
subjects, from science labs and art projects to physical education and vocational training,
demonstrating its versatility and effectiveness across disciplines.

The study also addresses the challenges of implementing kinesthetic learning in

traditional classroom settings, where space, resources, and time constraints can limit
opportunities for hands-on activities. Strategies to overcome these obstacles are presented,
including the integration of digital tools like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality
(VR), which offer immersive experiences without requiring extensive physical space. The
research emphasizes the importance of adapting learning environments to meet the needs
of kinesthetic learners, fostering an inclusive and engaging educational experience.

Keywords: kinesthetic learning, hands-on learning, active engagement, experiential

learning, tactile learning, movement-based learning, learning styles, physical engagement,
interactive learning, educational strategies.

I. Introduction
Definition and Overview of Kinesthetic Learning

Kinesthetic learning, also known as tactile or physical learning, is a learning style that
emphasizes the role of physical activity, hands-on experiences, and movement in the
learning process. Individuals with a strong kinesthetic learning preference often find that
they learn best through direct involvement and manipulation of the learning material,
rather than passive observation or listening.

The kinesthetic learning approach capitalizes on the learner's natural inclination to

engage with the subject matter through bodily movement, exploration, and experiential
activities. This learning style recognizes that some students thrive when they can actively
participate in the learning process, rather than simply sitting and absorbing information.

Relevance of Kinesthetic Learning in Modern Education

In the evolving landscape of education, there is an increasing recognition of the

importance of addressing diverse learning styles and preferences. Traditional educational
models, which have historically favored passive, lecture-based instruction, are gradually
giving way to more inclusive teaching strategies that cater to a wide range of learners.

The integration of kinesthetic learning approaches into the curriculum holds significant
relevance in modern education. By providing students with opportunities to engage in
physical activities, hands-on experiences, and movement-based learning, educators can
foster increased engagement, deeper retention of knowledge, and the application of skills
in real-world contexts.

Objectives of the Discussion

This discussion aims to explore the principles, benefits, challenges, and applications of
kinesthetic learning in the educational setting. By examining the foundations of
kinesthetic learning and its impact on student engagement and learning outcomes, we will
gain insights into how this approach can be effectively incorporated into contemporary
teaching practices.
Furthermore, this discussion will delve into the ways in which kinesthetic learning can
support diverse learning needs and contribute to a more inclusive and holistic educational
experience. By understanding the strengths and considerations of kinesthetic learning,
educators can expand their repertoire of teaching strategies and create learning
environments that cater to the diverse needs and preferences of their students.

II. Understanding Kinesthetic Learning

Core Characteristics of Kinesthetic Learners

Kinesthetic learners are individuals who thrive when they can engage in physical
movement, hands-on activities, and tactile experiences as part of the learning process.
These learners often demonstrate a strong preference for experiential learning, where they
can actively manipulate, explore, and interact with the learning material.

Kinesthetic learners tend to have a high degree of muscle memory, as they effectively
store and recall information through physical actions and bodily engagement. They also
tend to have a keen sense of spatial awareness, as they often learn best when they can
visualize and experience concepts through movement and physical interaction.

Cognitive and Psychological Basis for Kinesthetic Learning

The cognitive and psychological foundations of kinesthetic learning are rooted in the
strong connection between physical movement, sensory input, and information
processing. Research in neuroscience and educational psychology has shown that the
activation of sensory-motor pathways in the brain can significantly enhance learning,
retention, and the application of knowledge.

When kinesthetic learners engage in physical activities and hands-on experiences, they
stimulate multiple senses simultaneously, including touch, proprioception (awareness of
body position), and visual-spatial awareness. This multisensory stimulation facilitates the
encoding and retrieval of information, as the brain can more effectively process and store
the learning material through the integration of various sensory inputs.

Kinesthetic Learning vs. Other Learning Styles

Kinesthetic learning is often contrasted with other predominant learning styles, such as
visual, auditory, and reading/writing (VARK) learning preferences.

Visual learners tend to excel when they can see and observe concepts through diagrams,
images, and visual representations. Auditory learners thrive when they can listen to
lectures, discussions, and verbal explanations. Reading/writing learners prefer to engage
with information through written materials, such as textbooks, notes, and essays.

While individuals may have a primary learning style, most learners benefit from a
multisensory approach that incorporates elements of various learning modalities,
including kinesthetic learning. By catering to diverse learning preferences, educators can
create more inclusive and effective learning environments that cater to the unique needs
and strengths of all students.

Understanding the core characteristics of kinesthetic learners, as well as the cognitive and
psychological underpinnings of this learning style, is crucial for developing teaching
strategies that effectively engage and support students with a strong preference for
physical, hands-on learning experiences.

III. Benefits of Kinesthetic Learning

Enhanced Engagement and Focus

One of the primary benefits of kinesthetic learning is its ability to enhance student
engagement and focus. Kinesthetic learners thrive when they can actively participate in
the learning process, rather than passively absorbing information through lecture-based
instruction or textbook-based learning.

By incorporating physical activities, hands-on experiences, and movement-based learning

into the curriculum, educators can help kinesthetic learners remain engaged and attentive.
The act of physical movement and tactile exploration helps to reduce fatigue and increase
cognitive alertness, allowing students to maintain concentration and actively process the
learning material.
Improved Memory Retention and Application

Kinesthetic learning has also been shown to contribute to improved memory retention
and the practical application of knowledge. When learners engage in hands-on activities,
they develop a stronger connection between the conceptual understanding and the
physical experience, creating a more robust and durable memory trace.

The creation of muscle memory through kinesthetic techniques, such as role-playing,

simulations, and learning-by-doing exercises, can enhance the learner's ability to recall
and apply the acquired knowledge in real-world contexts. This approach helps kinesthetic
learners to not only understand the concepts but also develop the skills and confidence to
put their learning into practice.

Development of Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills

Kinesthetic learning also fosters the development of critical thinking and problem-solving
skills. By engaging in experiential, hands-on activities, learners are encouraged to explore,
experiment, and adapt to the demands of the learning environment. This process of active
exploration and adaptation promotes the development of cognitive flexibility, spatial
awareness, and manual dexterity – all of which are essential for navigating complex, real-
world challenges.

Furthermore, the problem-solving nature of many kinesthetic activities encourages

students to think critically, analyze information, and devise creative solutions. This
heightened level of engagement and intellectual stimulation can lead to a deeper
understanding of the subject matter, as well as the development of essential 21st-century
skills.

By recognizing and capitalizing on the benefits of kinesthetic learning, educators can

create more engaging, effective, and inclusive learning environments that cater to the
diverse needs and preferences of their students. This approach can lead to enhanced
academic performance, the development of essential life skills, and the overall
enrichment of the educational experience.

IV. Kinesthetic Learning Techniques and Strategies

To effectively incorporate kinesthetic learning into the educational landscape, educators
can employ a variety of hands-on techniques and strategies. These approaches leverage
the physical, tactile, and experiential aspects of learning to engage and support
kinesthetic learners.

Hands-On Experiments and Labs

One of the most prominent kinesthetic learning strategies is the use of hands-on
experiments and lab-based activities, particularly in subjects like science, engineering,
and technology. By engaging in practical, hands-on explorations, learners can directly
observe, manipulate, and experience the subject matter, reinforcing their theoretical
understanding.

Role-Playing and Simulation

Another effective kinesthetic learning technique is the use of role-playing exercises and
simulations. These activities allow students to bring abstract concepts to life, whether it's
historical reenactments, business scenarios, or social interactions. By actively
participating in these simulations, learners can develop empathy, social skills, and a
deeper understanding of real-world applications.

Manipulatives and Tactile Learning Tools

Kinesthetic learners often benefit from the use of manipulatives and tactile learning tools.
In mathematics, for example, the use of blocks, counters, and geometric shapes can
enhance students' comprehension of numerical concepts and spatial relationships.
Similarly, the incorporation of 3D models, physical maps, and other tangible resources
can help learners with a kinesthetic preference to grasp complex ideas more effectively.

Field Trips and Outdoor Learning

Extending the learning experience beyond the traditional classroom can also be a
valuable kinesthetic learning strategy. Field trips to museums, nature centers, historical
sites, and other real-world locations offer immersive, sensory-rich experiences that can
strengthen learning retention and application.

Project-Based and Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

Kinesthetic learners often thrive in project-based and problem-based learning (PBL)
environments, where they can engage in hands-on, real-world projects and problem-
solving tasks. These approaches encourage learners to apply their knowledge and skills to
address authentic challenges, fostering the development of critical thinking, creativity,
and teamwork.

Movement and Active Breaks

To maintain the engagement and focus of kinesthetic learners, educators can incorporate
short physical activities or movement-based breaks during lectures and classroom
sessions. These "brain breaks" can include simple stretching exercises, group tasks that
involve physical movement, or other kinesthetic activities that help learners reset their
attention and reengage with the learning material.

By incorporating a diverse range of kinesthetic learning techniques and strategies,

educators can create learning environments that cater to the unique needs and preferences
of kinesthetic learners, while also providing opportunities for all students to benefit from
hands-on, experiential learning experiences.

V. Kinesthetic Learning Across Different Subjects

Kinesthetic learning approaches can be effectively integrated across a wide range of

academic disciplines, from STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)
subjects to language arts, social studies, and the creative arts.

Kinesthetic Learning in STEM Education

Within STEM education, kinesthetic learning strategies play a crucial role in reinforcing
scientific concepts, developing engineering skills, and fostering a deeper understanding
of technological processes. Hands-on experiments, lab work, and field studies allow
students to directly observe, manipulate, and experience the subject matter, leading to
enhanced comprehension and the ability to apply their knowledge in practical settings.

Additionally, the use of engineering kits, robotics, and model building activities can help
kinesthetic learners develop essential STEM skills, such as problem-solving, critical
thinking, and spatial awareness.
Kinesthetic Learning in Language Arts and Social Studies
In language arts and social studies, kinesthetic learning can be applied through role-
playing exercises and tactile activities. By reenacting historical events or literary scenes,
students can develop a deeper empathy and connection with the material, improving their
overall comprehension and retention.

Furthermore, the creation of storyboards, timelines, and other tactile resources can help
kinesthetic learners establish a more tangible and meaningful relationship with the
subject matter, fostering a stronger understanding of complex concepts and narratives.

Kinesthetic Learning in Art, Music, and Physical Education

The arts and physical education disciplines naturally lend themselves to kinesthetic
learning approaches. In art, students can engage in hands-on projects, such as sculpture,
painting, and pottery, allowing them to physically interact with the materials and express
their creativity.

Similarly, in music education, the practice of playing musical instruments and the
integration of physical movement and rhythm can be highly beneficial for kinesthetic
learners. Dance and other physical education activities also provide ample opportunities
for kinesthetic engagement and the development of motor skills.

Kinesthetic Approaches in Mathematics

Even in the often abstract realm of mathematics, kinesthetic learning strategies can be
effectively employed. The use of manipulatives, such as blocks, counters, and geometric
shapes, can help kinesthetic learners visualize and physically interact with mathematical
concepts, enhancing their understanding of numbers, patterns, and problem-solving.

Furthermore, the incorporation of active games, puzzles, and real-world applications can
promote engagement and the practical application of mathematical skills among
kinesthetic learners.

By recognizing the potential of kinesthetic learning across diverse academic disciplines,

educators can create inclusive, engaging, and effective learning environments that cater to
the diverse needs and preferences of their students, ultimately leading to improved
learning outcomes and the development of essential skills.
 VI. Challenges of Implementing Kinesthetic Learning

While the benefits of kinesthetic learning are well-established, there are several
challenges that educators may face when incorporating kinesthetic approaches into their
teaching practices. These challenges can stem from logistical, pedagogical, and
professional development considerations.

Time and Resource Constraints

One of the primary challenges in implementing kinesthetic learning is the time and
resource requirements. Hands-on activities, experiments, and simulations often
necessitate additional materials, specialized equipment, and dedicated space within the
classroom or school environment. Arranging and setting up these kinesthetic learning
experiences can be time-consuming, which may be particularly challenging in settings
with limited resources or crowded classrooms.

Balancing Kinesthetic Activities with Other Learning Styles

Another key challenge lies in ensuring that kinesthetic learning activities are balanced
with the needs of learners who may have stronger preferences for other modalities, such
as visual, auditory, or reading/writing styles. Educators must strive to create a classroom
environment that is inclusive and accommodating of diverse learning preferences, while
still providing ample opportunities for kinesthetic engagement.

Developing strategies to seamlessly integrate kinesthetic activities with other learning

approaches, such as incorporating visual aids or verbal explanations, can help create a
balanced and inclusive learning experience for all students.

Assessment of Kinesthetic Learning Outcomes

Assessing the progress and outcomes of kinesthetic learning can also pose a challenge, as
traditional assessment methods may not adequately capture the learning that occurs
through physical, hands-on experiences. Educators may need to explore alternative
assessment strategies, such as project evaluations, practical demonstrations, and
performance-based assessments, to effectively evaluate the learning and skill
development of kinesthetic learners.
Teacher Training and Expertise
Finally, the successful implementation of kinesthetic learning approaches requires a
certain level of expertise and training on the part of educators. Teachers may need to
develop specialized skills in designing, facilitating, and managing kinesthetic learning
activities within their classrooms. Ongoing professional development opportunities and
access to resources focused on kinesthetic teaching techniques can be crucial in
equipping educators with the necessary knowledge and confidence to incorporate these
strategies effectively.

By addressing these challenges and developing strategies to overcome them, educators

can create more inclusive and effective learning environments that harness the power of
kinesthetic learning to support the diverse needs and preferences of their students.

VII. Technology and Kinesthetic Learning

As the educational landscape continues to evolve, the integration of technology has

created new and innovative ways to support and enhance kinesthetic learning. The
advancements in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and interactive digital
tools have opened up a world of possibilities for creating immersive, hands-on learning
experiences.

Role of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)

Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies have the potential to revolutionize
kinesthetic learning by simulating realistic, hands-on experiences. VR can transport
students into fully immersive, three-dimensional environments where they can physically
interact with digital objects and navigate through simulated scenarios.

This technology has applications across a wide range of subjects, from science and
history to geography and engineering, allowing students to engage in virtual experiments,
historical re-enactments, and spatial exploration. By creating these simulated experiences,
VR can provide kinesthetic learners with the opportunity to actively participate in the
learning process, fostering a deeper understanding and retention of the subject matter.
Similarly, augmented reality (AR) can enhance the physical world by overlaying digital
information and interactive elements, enabling kinesthetic learners to manipulate and
explore virtual objects in the context of their immediate surroundings. This blending of
the physical and digital realms can offer a unique and engaging learning experience for
students with a preference for hands-on activities.

Interactive Digital Tools and Apps

Beyond VR and AR, a growing array of interactive digital tools and educational apps are
also supporting kinesthetic learning. These technological solutions often incorporate
elements of touch, gesture, and physical manipulation, allowing students to virtually
explore, manipulate, and interact with learning materials.

For example, digital simulations, 3D modeling software, and interactive educational apps
can enable kinesthetic learners to virtually construct, disassemble, and experiment with
various concepts and models, providing them with a more tactile and engaging learning
experience.

Educational Robotics and Coding

The integration of educational robotics and coding activities into the curriculum has also
emerged as a powerful way to incorporate kinesthetic learning. By working with physical
robotic kits and programming them through hands-on coding exercises, students can
develop a deeper understanding of technological principles, problem-solving skills, and
collaborative abilities.

The tactile nature of constructing, programming, and testing robots allows kinesthetic
learners to actively engage with the learning material and apply their knowledge in a
tangible way. This hands-on approach not only enhances comprehension but also fosters
the development of essential 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, and
teamwork.

As educational technology continues to evolve, the opportunities to seamlessly integrate

kinesthetic learning experiences will only expand, enabling educators to create more
dynamic, engaging, and inclusive learning environments that cater to the diverse needs
and preferences of their students.

VIII. Case Studies and Examples of Kinesthetic Learning in Action

To further illustrate the practical applications and benefits of kinesthetic learning, let's
explore a few case studies that highlight the implementation of kinesthetic strategies in
various educational settings.

Case Study: Kinesthetic Learning in STEM Education

In a high school STEM program, educators have integrated a strong emphasis on hands-
on, experiential learning to engage students with a kinesthetic preference. The curriculum
incorporates a variety of kinesthetic techniques, including:

- Hands-on science labs where students conduct experiments, manipulate equipment, and
observe scientific phenomena firsthand.
- Engineering design challenges that task students with building and testing physical
prototypes, such as model bridges or robots.
- Field trips to local science museums, technology companies, and research facilities to
provide immersive, real-world learning experiences.

Evaluation of this STEM program has revealed significant benefits for kinesthetic
learners. Students have demonstrated increased engagement, deeper retention of concepts,
and the ability to apply their knowledge in practical, problem-solving scenarios.
Furthermore, the hands-on activities have helped to develop essential skills, such as
critical thinking, collaboration, and spatial awareness.

Case Study: Kinesthetic Activities in Early Childhood Education

In a preschool setting, educators have placed a strong emphasis on incorporating sensory-
based, kinesthetic activities into the daily learning routine. These activities include:

- Manipulative play with blocks, LEGOs, and other construction toys to explore shapes,
patterns, and spatial relationships.
- Tactile exploration of materials like playdough, sand, and water to stimulate the senses
and encourage creative expression.
- Movement-based games and activities, such as dancing, obstacle courses, and physical
storytelling, to promote gross motor development and enhance focus.
Observations and assessments in this early childhood setting have shown that the
kinesthetic learning approach has positively impacted cognitive, social, and emotional
development. Kinesthetic learners have exhibited increased attention spans, improved
problem-solving skills, and enhanced social interactions as they engage in collaborative,
hands-on activities with their peers.

Case Study: Kinesthetic Learning in Special Education

In a special education classroom serving students with learning disabilities and attention
difficulties, educators have strategically incorporated kinesthetic learning strategies to
support diverse learning needs. These strategies include:

- The use of manipulatives, such as sensory fidgets and weighted blankets, to help
students stay focused and regulate their emotions during instruction.
- Hands-on, multisensory activities that engage students in physically exploring and
experiencing the learning material, such as acting out historical events or creating tactile
models.
- Integration of movement breaks and activities throughout the day to provide kinesthetic
learners with opportunities to reset and reengage with the lesson.

Evaluations of this inclusive approach have highlighted the positive impact on student
engagement, skill development, and overall academic progress. Kinesthetic learners in
the special education classroom have demonstrated improved focus, increased confidence,
and the ability to more effectively apply their learning in practical situations.

These case studies illustrate the versatility and effectiveness of kinesthetic learning
strategies across different educational settings and student populations. By embracing the
principles of kinesthetic learning, educators can create more inclusive, engaging, and
impactful learning environments that cater to the diverse needs and preferences of their
students.

IX. Future Directions and Trends in Kinesthetic Learning

As educational practices continue to evolve, several promising trends and future
directions in kinesthetic learning are emerging that can shape the landscape of teaching
and learning.

Growing Use of Experiential and Project-Based Learning

One of the key trends is the increasing emphasis on experiential and project-based
learning approaches across educational settings. There is a growing recognition that
hands-on, inquiry-based activities that engage students in real-world applications can be
highly effective in fostering deeper understanding, critical thinking, and the development
of essential skills.

As this trend continues to gain momentum, we can expect to see a greater integration of
kinesthetic learning strategies, such as hands-on experiments, design challenges, and
immersive field experiences, becoming core components of educational curricula. This
shift toward more experiential and project-based learning will likely enhance the
opportunities for kinesthetic learners to thrive and demonstrate their strengths.

Expansion of VR/AR and Digital Tools for Kinesthetic Learning

The rapid advancements in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and other
interactive digital technologies hold immense promise for the future of kinesthetic
learning. As these technologies become more accessible and user-friendly, educators will
have increased opportunities to create highly immersive, tactile learning experiences for
students.

The potential for virtual labs, simulations, and digital manipulation tools to democratize
hands-on learning across educational levels is particularly exciting. These virtual
kinesthetic experiences can provide engaging and cost-effective alternatives to physical
resources, making hands-on learning more accessible in resource-constrained settings.

Cross-Disciplinary and Multisensory Learning Approaches

Another emerging trend is the rise of cross-disciplinary programs and multisensory
learning environments that seamlessly integrate kinesthetic learning with other sensory
modalities, such as visual, auditory, and olfactory experiences.
By creating these holistic, multisensory learning experiences, educators can cater to a
wider range of learning preferences and support the development of more well-rounded
skills and knowledge. This interdisciplinary approach can foster deeper connections,
enhanced engagement, and a more comprehensive understanding of complex topics.

Focus on Social-Emotional Learning (SEL)

Lastly, there is a growing emphasis on the integration of social-emotional learning (SEL)
with kinesthetic learning strategies. Kinesthetic activities that promote teamwork,
communication, empathy, and emotional regulation can play a crucial role in supporting
the holistic development of students.

As educators recognize the importance of nurturing social-emotional competencies

alongside academic achievement, the incorporation of kinesthetic learning approaches
that foster these skills will likely become more prevalent. This approach can help students
develop a stronger sense of self-awareness, interpersonal skills, and the ability to navigate
the social and emotional aspects of learning.

By embracing these emerging trends and future directions, educators can leverage the
power of kinesthetic learning to create more dynamic, engaging, and inclusive learning
environments that prepare students for the challenges and opportunities of the 21st
century.

X. Conclusion

Kinesthetic learning has emerged as a powerful and innovative approach to education,

offering a range of benefits for students with a preference for hands-on, physical
engagement with the learning material. By incorporating kinesthetic strategies, educators
can enhance student engagement, improve memory retention, and foster the development
of critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

The key benefits of kinesthetic learning include:

- Enhanced engagement and focus through physical activity and tactile exploration
- Improved memory retention and practical application of knowledge through the creation
of muscle memory
- The development of essential skills, such as spatial awareness, manual dexterity, and
cognitive flexibility, through experiential learning

However, implementing kinesthetic learning approaches also presents some challenges,

including the need for additional resources, time, and space, as well as the need to
balance kinesthetic activities with other learning modalities. Assessing the outcomes of
kinesthetic learning can also be a complex task, requiring the use of alternative
assessment methods.

For educators, the implications of embracing kinesthetic learning are significant. By

incorporating hands-on experiments, simulations, manipulatives, and other kinesthetic
techniques into their teaching practices, educators can create more engaging, inclusive,
and effective learning environments that cater to the diverse needs and preferences of
their students.

Similarly, curriculum designers play a crucial role in shaping the future of education by
integrating more experiential, project-based, and multisensory learning elements into
educational programs. By doing so, they can ensure that kinesthetic learning
opportunities are made available to students across all grade levels and subject areas.

As we look to the future, the vision for education should embrace a dynamic, interactive
system that values hands-on learning and the diversity of student learning styles. By
empowering educators to implement kinesthetic strategies and designing curricula that
foster experiential, multisensory learning, we can create an educational landscape that is
more inclusive, engaging, and impactful, ultimately preparing students to thrive in the
21st century and beyond.

References
1. Battalio, John. “Success in Distance Education: Do Learning Styles and Multiple
Formats Matter?” American Journal of Distance Education 23, no. 2 (May 15, 2009):
71–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640902854405.
2. Lambropoulos, Niki, and Charikleia Pitsou. “Blended Collaborative Learning
Supporting Pedagogy Students’ Reflective Practice.” Creative Education 11, no. 10
(January 1, 2020): 1930–46. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2020.1110141.
3. Cassidy, Simon, and Peter Eachus. “Learning Style, Academic Belief Systems, Self-
Report Student Proficiency and Academic Achievement in Higher Education.”
Educational Psychology 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 307–22.
https://doi.org/10.1080/713663740.
 4. Demirbas, O. Osman, and Halime Demirkan. “Learning Styles of Design Students
and the Relationship of Academic Performance and Gender in Design Education.”
Learning and Instruction 17, no. 3 (April 12, 2007): 345–59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.02.007.
5. Pitsou, Charikleia, and Niki Lambropoulos. “PEDAGOGY STUDENTS’
REFLECTIVE PRACTICE: A BLENDED LEARNING INTERVENTION.”
European Journal of Education Studies 7, no. 12 (November 9, 2020).
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v7i12.3418.
6. Kolb, Alice Y., and David A. Kolb. “Learning Styles and Learning Spaces:
Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education.” Academy of Management
Learning and Education 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 193–212.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2005.17268566.
7. Charikleia, Pitsou. “FUTURE AND ACTIVE EDUCATORS’ TRAINING IN
HUMAN RIGHTS THROUGH AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE.” International Journal
of Advanced Research 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 1315–23.
https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6558.
8. Newton, Philip M. “The Learning Styles Myth Is Thriving in Higher Education.”
Frontiers in Psychology 6 (December 15, 2015).
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01908.
9. Lazaros, Samartzis, and Charikleia Pitsou. "REPRESENTATIONS OF
PRESCHOOL TEACHERS ON CHILDREN'S GENDER AS A FACTOR IN
DIFFERENTIATING THEIR FREE PLAY IN THE SCHOOLYARD." European
Journal of Social Sciences Studies 10, no. 4 (2024).
10. Sims, Ronald R., and Serbrenia J. Sims. The Importance of Learning Styles:
Understanding the Implications for Learning, Course Design, and Education, 1995.
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA25491278.
11. Pitsou, Charikleia, and Stathis Balias. “HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION: AN
ANALYSING STUDY OF THE PROGRAMS OF STUDY OF GREEK
PEDAGOGICAL DEPARTMENTS.” Problems of Education in the 21st Century 59,
no. 1 (April 15, 2014): 68–76. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/14.59.68.
12. Zapalska, Alina, and Dallas Brozik. “Learning Styles and Online Education.”
Campus-Wide Information Systems 23, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 325–35.
https://doi.org/10.1108/10650740610714080.

View publication stats