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Motion in a Straight Line Formulas

This document provides formulas and concepts related to motion in a straight line, including definitions of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, average speed, average velocity, instantaneous speed, acceleration, and equations of motion with constant acceleration. It also covers motion under gravity and relative velocity, detailing how to calculate these quantities in various scenarios. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for class 11 physics students.

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officialakshayanand
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27 views

Motion in a Straight Line Formulas

This document provides formulas and concepts related to motion in a straight line, including definitions of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, average speed, average velocity, instantaneous speed, acceleration, and equations of motion with constant acceleration. It also covers motion under gravity and relative velocity, detailing how to calculate these quantities in various scenarios. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for class 11 physics students.

Uploaded by

officialakshayanand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Page 1

Motion in a straight-line class 11


formulas
• Distance - The total length that is travelled between different positions.

• Displacement - Distance between two points in a particular direction.

– Formula :-  =  − 

–  → Displacement

–  → final position

–  → initial position

• Speed - the total distance covered divided by the time taken to cover that
distance.
Total Distance Covered
– Formula :- Speed = Time Taken

– Unit - / , /ℎ or ℎ(mile per hour)

– Dimensions -    

• Velocity - the displacement divided by the time it takes for the displacement
 !"#$%&%'(
– Formula :-  = )&%

– Unit - / , /ℎ or ℎ(mile per hour)

– Dimensions -    

• Average Speed - the total distance covered divided by the time taken to
cover that distance
Total Distance Covered *+
– Formula :- Average Speed = =
Time Taken *(

– Body covering different distances with different speeds


/ / /.... . / 0 / 1 /....
• ,‾ = (. /(0/(1/.... = 3. 30 31
. 0 1 / / /.....
4. 40 41

This document is prepared by physicscatalyst.com and is for your personal and


non-commercial use only.
Page 2

– If the body covers first half of the total distance with speed , and
second half with the speed ,5 , then the average speed is given by
56. 60
• ,‾ =
6. /60

• In this case average speed is harmonic mean of individual


speeds.

– Body is moving with different speeds in different time intervals then


Total distance travelled = ,  + ,5 5 + ,8 8 +. . ..
Total time taken =  + 5 + 8 +. . ..
6. (. /60 (0 /61 (1 /....
• ,‾ =
(. /(0 /(1 /....

– If  = 5 = 8 =. . . . = ' =  then,
96. /60 /61 /....:( 96. /60 /61 /....:
• ,‾ = =
'( '

– In this case average speed is arithmetic mean of the individual speeds.

• Average Velocity - the total displacement covered divided by the time taken
for that displacement
Displacement *+⃗
– Formula :- Average Velocity = Time Taken
 , ,‾ = *(

– Finding position from velocity -  =  + ,‾

• Instantaneous Velocity - defined as velocity of an object at a particular


instant of time.
>+9(:
– Formula :- ,9: =
>(

• Instantaneous Speed - defined as speed of an object at a particular instant


of time. It is absolute value of instantaneous velocity.

– Formula :- Instantaneous speed = |,9:|

• Acceleration - The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration.


A⃗
*6 6B 6C
– Formula :- @ = =
*( (B (C

• Instantaneous acceleration - acceleration of a particle at a particular


instant of time
This document is prepared by physicscatalyst.com and is for your personal and
non-commercial use only.
Page 3

*6 >6
– Formula :- @ = lim*→ *( =
>(

• Equations of motion with constant acceleration

– First Equation of motion - finding velocity from acceleration –

• , = , + @

– Second Equation of motion - finding position from velocity and


acceleration –

•  =  + ,  + @ 5
5

– Third Equation of motion - finding velocity from distance and


acceleration –

• , 5 = ,5 + 2@9 −  :

– Equation for finding distance travelled in H(I second of object's journey


–

• J' = K + @ LH − 5M

• Motion under gravity

– Equations of motion for freely falling body

• , = K + N

• = K + 5 N 5

• , 5 − K5 = 2N

– For body falling freely under the action of gravity, N is taken as


positive.

– For body thrown vertically upwards, N is taken as negative.

– When the body is just dropped, K = 0

– For a body thrown vertically up with initial velocity K


P0
– Maximum height reached is, ℎ = 5Q

This document is prepared by physicscatalyst.com and is for your personal and


non-commercial use only.
Page 4

P
– time of ascent = time of descent =
Q

5P
– total time of flight =
Q

– velocity of fall at point of projection = K

– velocity attained by a body dropped from height ℎ, , = R2Nℎ

• Relative Velocity

– Relative velocity of object S w.r.t. object T is, ,UV = ,U − ,V

– When two objects are moving in the same direction, ,UV = ,U − ,V

– When two objects are moving in opposite direction, ,UV = ,U + ,V

– When ,U and V are inclined to each other at an angle W

• ,⃗UV = R,U5 + ,V5 − 2,U ,V cosW

– If ,UV makes an angle [ with ,U , then


6_ `abc
• tan[ = 6
d 6_ ef`c

This document is prepared by physicscatalyst.com and is for your personal and


non-commercial use only.

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