Sample Question Paper 14

(Detailed Answers)

Political Science
CBSE Class 12th
1. (a) Secretary General 15. In 1999, General Pervez Musharraf led a military
2. (c) Hyderabad coup that removed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
from power, marking the end of Pakistan’s
3. (b) Globalisation elective democracy phase. This military
4. (a) 80 intervention initiated another period of military
rule in the country.
5. (b) 3 2 4 1
16. The factional rivalry between the Syndicate and
6. (a) Both statement I and statement II are true.
Indira Gandhi was highlighted in 1969 during the
7. (c) K. Kamraj Presidential elections. The Syndicate nominated
8. (d) 1910 – The Berlin Wall was toppled by the people in N. Sanjeeva Reddy, while Indira Gandhi
supported V.V. Giri as an independent candidate.
9. (a) Pakistan This led to a confrontation and eventual split in
10. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation Congress.
of A.
17. The functions of International Labour
11. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of Organisation (ILO) are
A. n
Creation of coordinated policies and
12. (c) (ii), (i), (iii) and (iv) programmes, directed at solving social and
Labour issues.
13. Planning always played a crucial role in the economic n
Adoption of International Labour Standards
development of the country. Economic planning is a
in the form of convention and
strategy to achieve the goal of economic development by recommendations and control over their
pursuing a policy of planned economy. Planning opens implementation.
new opportunities for development for people and also
enhance the standard of living.
18. The coalition came to power in 2004 was UPA.
Left Front parties DMK (Dravida Munnetra
14. The two goals which everyone agreed upon after Kazhagam), RJD (Rashtriya Janata Dal), AIADMK
independence were not going to be achieved easily (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam),
because etc. supported UPA (United Progressive Alliance)
(i) India was born as a nation-state in very difficult to form a government. The UPA Government was
circumstances. Perhaps no other country by then was led by Congress party and Prime Minister was
born in a situation more difficult than that of India in Manmohan Singh.
1947. 19. The United Nations is comprised of five main
(ii) Freedom came with the partition of the country organs: the General Assembly, the Security
which caused unprecedented violence and trauma of Council, the Economic and Social Council, the
displacement. Secretariat.

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 The General Assembly The various causes of Arab Spring are as follows
The General Assembly is the primary deliberative n
The rise in the global crisis, such as the downfall
and policymaking arm of the UN, at which all 193 in the oil prices during 2008-09.
member states are represented. It meets annually n
The rise in the price of food leading to food crisis
in September to debate pressing issues and to make gave rise to the political unrest especially in poor
decisions and recommendations on important countries.
questions of peace and security, economic and n
Increase in unemployment especially among the
social development development, the protection of youths and females were one of the most
human rights, the codification of international law, important causes behind Arab Spring.
and the admission of new member states, among n
The demand for political freedom and removal of
other matters. economic inequalities was one of the major cause
behind Arab Spring.
The Security Council n
Self -immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi a street
The Security Council has primary responsibility for hawker of Tunisia gave a sudden rise to the Arab
maintaining international peace and security. It is Spring.
comprised of 15 members, five of which are 22. (a) China emerged as the third alternative to world
permanent (China, the Russian Federation, France, power since its economic reforms in 1978, as China
the U.K. and the U.S.). The other ten members are
has been the fastest growing economy since the
elected by the General Assembly to two-year terms.
reforms first began there.
The Security Council investigates acts of aggression
It can be understood with the help of the following
and other threats to peace.
points
20. Some new sources of threats have emerged about n
China is projected to overtake the US as the
which the world is concerned to a large extent. world’s largest economy by 2040. Its economic
These include terrorism, human rights, global integration into the region makes it drive of
poverty, migration and health epidemics. East-Asian growth.
n
Terrorism refers to political violence that targets n
Its strength of economy like population
civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. landmass, resources, regional location, political
n
Poverty in the South has also led to large scale influence, added to its power.
migration to seek a better life, especially better Or
economic opportunities, in the North.
(b) China has been growing as an economic power
n
Health epidemics such as H1V-AIDS, bird flu since 1978. It is estimated to overtake US as the
and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome world’s largest economy by 2040. It has enormous
(SARS) have been increasing across countries
regional influence due to its economic integration
through migration.
into the region.
21. (a) After the disintegration of the USSR in 1991, Factors like population, landmass, resources,
many countries still follow the socialist
regional location and political influence adds to its
ideology in organising their political, social
power along with a strong economy.
and economic life.
Following are the factors responsible for rise of the
For example, Cuba, Venezuela, North Korea,
Chinese economy
China, these are communist countries which n
Major policy decisions were taken in the 1970’s
are still in existence after the demise of USSR.
by the Chinese leadership. China ended its
The success of state of the USSR namely
political and economic isolation with US in 1972.
Russia is a socialist country. Thus, the end of n
Premier Zhou Enlai proposed ‘four
the USSR does not mean the end of socialism.
modernisations’ i.e. agriculture, industry, science
Or and technology and military in 1973. Later in
(b) The Arab Spring was a series of 1978, Deng Xiaoping announced the ‘Open Door
pro-democracy uprisings that developed Policy’ and economic reforms in China.
largely in the Muslim countries, including n
‘Open Door Policy’ was to generate higher
Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, Libya, Egypt and productivity by investments of capital and
Baharain. The event in these nations generally technology from abroad. Market economy was
began in the spring of 2011, which led to the adopted and their economy was opened step by
step.
name Arab Spring.

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 n
Agriculture sector was privatised in 1982 n
India, with its limited resources, had initiated
followed by privatisation of industry in 1998. development planning. However, conflicts
Trade barriers were eliminated in Special with neighbours derailed the five-year plans.
Economic Zones (SEZs) where enterprises n
The scarce resources were diverted to the
were set by the foreign investors. defence sector as India had to embark on a
n
State plays a dominant role in setting up a military modernisation drive. There was a
market based economy in China. major increase in India’s defence expenditure
23. The extent of the victory of the Congress in first three after the war.
general elections was artificially boosted by our
n
The big world powers like the US, China and
electoral system as in 1952, for example, the Congress Russia etc. came to recognise that even without
obtained 45 per cent of the total votes. But it managed the support of powerful countries and
institutions, India can resolve its conflicts with
to win 74 per cent of the seats. The Socialist Party, the
its strategic and military powers.
second largest party in terms of votes, secured more
than 10 per cent of the votes all over the country. But it Or
could not even win three per cent of the seats. This (b) The Sino-Indian War of 1962 had profound
was because in the first-past-the-post method of impact on both India’s domestic politics and
election adopted in our country, the party that gets international relations. Domestically, the war
more votes than others tends to get much more than caused a sense of national humiliation and
its proportional share. This is what worked in favour sparked widespread criticism of Prime Minister
of the Congress. Jawaharlal Nehru’s policies. India’s lack of
24. (i) (d) Both (a) and (b) military preparedness was exposed, leading to
the resignation of top military officials and the
(ii) (a) reduction in the role of state in society and
departure of Defense Minister V. Krishna
economy
Menon. Nehru himself faced severe criticism for
(iii) A minimalist state performs certain core what was perceived as his naive assessment of
functions such as maintenance of law and order China’s intentions and inadequate military
and security of its economic and social planning.
well-being.
Politically, the war eroded confidence in Nehru’s
25. Sr. No. of the Concerned leadership, culminating in a no-confidence
Information Alphabet given Name of the State motion against his government in the
Used in the map Parliament. The Congress Party, which had
(i) D Bihar dominated Indian politics since independence,
suffered setbacks in subsequent by-elections,
(ii) B Jammu and
Kashmir signaling a shift in political sentiment.
Internationally, the war strained India's relations
(iii) A Uttar Pradesh
with China and underscored the strategic
(iv) C Haryana importance of aligning with major powers for
security assistance. India turned to the United
26. (i) (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
States and the United Kingdom for military aid,
(ii) (d) Demand for linguistic states
while the Soviet Union remained neutral during
(iii) (d) All of the above the conflict. This geopolitical repositioning
(iv) (a) By creating the States Reorganisation reflected India’s efforts to balance regional
Commission in 1953. security concerns amidst the Cold War
27. (a) The impact of India’s victory in the Bangladesh dynamics.
war of 1971 is as follows Overall, the Sino-Indian War of 1962 reshaped
n
A decisive victory in the war led to national India's domestic politics and foreign policy
jubilation. Most people in India saw this as a strategies, highlighting the vulnerabilities and
moment of glory and a clear sign of India’s challenges of a nascent post-colonial nation in a
growing military prowess. volatile international arena.
n
The personal popularity of India’s Prime 28. (a) The role of environmental movements to meet
Minister Indira Gandhi soared further after the the challenge of environmental degradation is
1971 war. She had already won the Lok Sabha very important. It is justified from the points
elections in 1971. below
n
After the war, assembly elections in most n
Some of the most significant responses to
States took place, bringing large majorities for
environmental challenges have come not from
the Congress party in many states.

Sample Paper 14A

Tuesday, September 10, 2024 11:24:30 AM
 government but rather from groups of (vi) India wants that SAARC countries should
environmentally conscious volunteers adopt a common position on major global
around the world. environment issues, so that the regions voice
n
The environmental movements are amongst carries greater weight.
the most vibrant, diverse and powerful social
29. (a) The decline of Congress dominance in the 1990s
movements all over the world. These
movements create new ideas and long-term was driven by several factors: growing
visions. dissatisfaction with the party’s governance, the
rise of regional parties asserting themselves in
n
The forest movements of the South, in
Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia, state politics, and increasing public demand for
Continental Africa and India are facing lots political reforms.
of pressure. The process of forest clearing in This period saw a shift from a Congress-centric
the Third World Countries is on at an political landscape to a more fragmented one with
alarming rate, despite 30 years of multiple parties gaining prominence. Way back in
environmental activism. the late sixties, the dominance of the Congress
n
In the Philippines, a big network of groups party was challenged; but the Congress under the
and organisations campaigned against the leadership of Indira Gandhi, managed to
Western Mining Corporation. Vehement re-establish its predominant position in politics.
opposition to the company in its own The nineties saw yet another challenge to the
country Australia is based on anti-nuclear predominant position of the Congress. It did not,
sentiments and support for the basic rights of however, mean the emergence of any other single
Australian indigenous peoples. party to fill in its place.
n
Another group of movements are involved The BJP’s victories in the 2014 and 2019 Lok Sabha
in struggles against mega-dams. In every
elections marked a significant shift in Indian
country where mega-dams are being built,
politics. For the first time since the decline of
we find the environmental movements
opposing the projects. Basically anti-dam Congress dominance, the BJP secured a clear
movements are pro-river movements for majority on its own, signaling a notable shift in the
more sustainable and equitable political landscape and the emergence of a new
management of river systems and valleys. dominant party, reducing the influence of
The Narmada Bachao Andolan is one of the Congress and the era of coalition governments.
best known of these movements. Or
Or (b) The United Front government that ascended to
(b) India has a very positive stand on power in 1996 was significant in Indian political
environmental issues and plays a dominating history due to its diverse composition and broad
role among the Asian countries support base. Comprising a coalition of regional
(i) India signed and ratified the 1997 Kyoto parties and the Left Front, it reflected a concerted
protocol in August 2002. effort to form a non-Congress, non-BJP
(ii) At the G-8, Meeting in June 2005, India Government at the center. The coalition included
pointed out the per capita emission rate of parties like the Janata Dal, various regional parties
the developing countries are a tiny fraction from states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and
of those in the develop world. West Bengal, and the Left parties such as CPI(M)
(iii) India’s international negotiation position and CPI.
relies heavily on principles of historical This coalition was able to form a government with
responsibility as enshrined UNFCC. external support from the Congress Party,
(iv) India has initiated different programmes highlighting the complex dynamics of Indian
and policies. Such as National Auto Fuel coalition politics where parties with diverse
policy, Electricity Act 2003, The Energy ideologies and regional interests came together to
Conservation Act 2001. govern. The United Front’s formation marked a
(v) India has initiated various programmes and departure from single-party dominance and
policies such as National Auto Fuel policy, necessitated consensus-building among its
The Energy Conservation Act 2001, The constituents on policy matters.
Electricity Act 2003 to improve Policy-wise, the United Front focused on issues
environment. like economic reforms with a social justice agenda,

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 emphasising welfare measures and empowerment the state. These factors contributed to a
of marginalised communities. However, internal prolonged period of instability. The violence
contradictions and the need to balance regional severely impacted the political process, causing
aspirations with national governance challenges the suspension of normal political activities and
eventually led to the coalition’s instability and leading to low voter turnout in 1992 elections.
subsequent collapse in 1998, albeit it was revived Or
briefly later. Nonetheless, the United Front
(b) Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated
government of 1996 demonstrated the potential
on 31st October, 1984 outside her residence by
and challenges of coalition governance in India’s
her bodyguards. Both the assassins were Sikhs
diverse political landscape.
and wanted to take revenge for Operation Blue
30. (a) The Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord included Star which damaged the historic Golden temple
several key provisions and deeply hurt the sentiments of the Sikhs.
n
Chandigarh was to be transferred to Punjab. While the entire country was shocked by this
n
A separate commission was to be appointed to development, in Delhi and in many parts of
address the border dispute between Punjab and northern India violence broke out against the
Haryana. Sikh community.
n
A tribunal was to be established to oversee the The anti-Sikh riots resulted in the deaths of over
sharing of Ravi-Beas river water among Punjab, two thousand Sikhs in Delhi alone, with
Haryana, and Rajasthan. additional casualties reported in other cities
n
Compensation and better treatment were to be such as Kanpur, Bokaro, and Chas. Many Sikh
provided to those affected by militancy. families faced emotional trauma and severe
n
The Armed Forces Special Powers Act was to be financial losses due to the violence. The slow
withdrawn from Punjab. response by the government in restoring order
Peace did not come immediately due to the and the lack of effective punishment for those
persistent cycle of violence, including ongoing responsible for the violence further exacerbated
militancy and counter-insurgency actions. This led the Sikh community’s sense of injustice. This
to police excesses, human rights violations, issue was acknowledged in 2005 when Prime
political fragmentation of the Akali Dal, and a Minister Manmohan Singh publicly expressed
suspension of normal electoral and political regret and apologised for the violence against
processes, with President’s rule being imposed in Sikhs.

Sample Paper 14A

Tuesday, September 10, 2024 11:24:30 AM