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english 9 -q1

The document discusses the use of modals to express permission, obligation, and prohibition, providing examples and explanations for each type. It also covers conditional sentences, detailing their structure and types, including zero, first, second, and third conditionals. Additionally, it describes various communicative styles, ranging from casual to formal, and their appropriate contexts.

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15 views

english 9 -q1

The document discusses the use of modals to express permission, obligation, and prohibition, providing examples and explanations for each type. It also covers conditional sentences, detailing their structure and types, including zero, first, second, and third conditionals. Additionally, it describes various communicative styles, ranging from casual to formal, and their appropriate contexts.

Uploaded by

marieclaire200023
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Expressing Permission, Obligation, and Prohibition

Modals
- Are helping verbs that denote intension or feeling of the speaker.
- It is always accompanied with a verb in its base form
- Modal + v(base form) – can eat, should walk
- Are auxiliary or helping verb
Examples:
1. I believe I can fly.
2. Kobe must call the police after the incident
3. Jen has to prepare for her exam.
Types of modal
Permission
- Is an act of giving consent or authorization.
- Can, may, and could
- Least formal of the modal verbs used to ask or to give permission
A.Can
- Is used to ask for and give permission.
- Least formal
Examples:
1) Can I call you back later?
2)Can she have a cookie?
B. Could
- Used as a more polite and more formal in asking permission (which
may not be given)
Examples:
1)Could I interview the mayor?
2)Could you lend me your books?
C. May

- The most polite and formal modal


Examples:
1)Teachers may now distribute modules to the learner.
2)May I borrow your books, please?
Obligation
- Expresses commitment or duty
- Have to (has to) and must
D. Has to/have to
- used when obligation comes not from the speaker
- set by an authority, rule, or law
Examples:
1)I have to be in the airport before the flight departure.
2)She has to submit her report on time.
E.Must
- Used when expressing obligation comes from the speaker or from
and authority.
Examples:
1)I must call my husband now.
2)We must finish the report on time.
No obligation
F. Don’t have to
Prohibition
- Act of disallowing or prohibiting someone in performing or doing
something
- Can’t, must not/mustn’t, couldn’t
G. Can’t
- Used in dealing with something rules, laws, signs
- Speaker is not the one who sets the rules
Examples:
1)You can’t go out during bad weather.
2)The company can’t apply for motion for reconsideration.
H. Must not/mustn’t
- Used in dealing with something that is not permitted
Examples:
1)You must not turn off your camera during online class.
2)Sand must not tell my secret to her friends.
Conditionals
CONDITIONALS DEPENDENT CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
IF/WHEN CLAUSE RESULTS
ZERO CONDITIONAL SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT

FIRST CONDITIONAL SIMPLE PRESENT WILL+BASE FORM


SECOND CONDITIONAL SIMPLE PAST WOULD+BASE FORM
THIRD CONDITIONAL PAST PERFECT WOULD+HAVE
(HAD/HAD BEEN) BEEN+PAST
PARTICIPLE
Conditional
- What could happen. What might happened, and what we wish
would happen
- Statements that express the result of a particular condition
- Conditional sentence is used to talk about a result that may happen
only if a condition happens first
- Affirmative – positive
- Negative - bad
Zero Conditional
- Deals with habits and general truths
Examples:
1)When you pray, God listens.
2)The road closes if it is already curfew.

First Conditional
- Things that are possibly or likely to happen in the future
Examples:
1)If you don’t pass the test, I’ll hire a tutor for you.
2)The student will get a scholarship if he passes the interview.
Second Conditional
- These are imaginary situations in the present and future
Examples:
1)If I only passed the test, I would celebrate and party.
2)I would buy a new phone if I received a lot of money.
Third Conditional
- These are imaginary situations in the past
Examples:
3)If they had only arrived on time, they would have not missed the
flight.
4)If they hadn’t been drunk, the doorman would have let them in.
Communicative style
Speech style
- Communicative style which portrays how a language is
characterized in terms of degree of formality.
Types of communicative style
Casual
- Informal language used by friends and peers
- Slang, vulgarities and colloquialism, informal, contractions
- Group language that the members of the group can only
understand it
- Nicknames are used in addressing one another
- Phone calls, group text
Consultative
- Semi-formal communication, sentences is shorter and spontaneous
- Two-way participations
- Unplanned speech
- Noral style for speaking to others
- Group discussion, business meetings trade, and asking someone
who is more knowledgeable than you about certain matters such as
doctors, lawyers, pharmacists and teachers
Formal
- Straight forward speeches
- Used in speaking to large groups and is impersonal in nature
- Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are
delivered
- Avoid using slang terminologies and uses formal English
- Comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary
structured complex sentences and noun phrases
- Meetings, speeches, school lesson, job interviews, research papers
Frozen
- Rarely or never changes
- Frozen in time and content
- Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are
delivered
- Avoid using slang terminologies and uses formal English
- Comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary
structured complex sentences and noun phrases
- Respectful situations or forma; ceremonies – weddings, funerals,
national pledges, school creeds, national anthem and miranda
rights.
Intimate
- usually done in private
- conversational experiences between and/or among people who
share intimate relationship
- shows no social boundaries among the speaker considering their
intimacy
- employs informal and intimate language
- couple talking about their relationship goals, family sharing things
about each other, best friends sharing secrets, special moment and
so on.

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