CONTRACT

2 mark questions

1 . O ff er a nd C ro s s O ff er
2 . C o n s id era tio n
3 . U n ju s t en ric h m en t
4 . U n d u e in flu en c e
5 . V o id a n d v o id a b le c o n tra c ts
6 . N o n es t fa c tu m
7 . R e s c is s io n o f c o n tra c ts
8 . Q u a n tu m m eru it.
9 . O ff er a nd in v ita tio n to tre a t
1 0 . In ten tio n to c rea te le g a l re la tio n s
1 1 . C o n s en s u s a d id e m
1 2 . W a g erin g a g ree m e n t
1 3 . U n c o n s c io n a b le b a rg a in
1 4 . Liq u id a te d a n d u n liq u id a ted d a m a g e s
1 5 . F ra u d a n d m is rep res e nta tio n
1 6 . P u b lic p o lic y
1 7 . D o c trin e o f a c c o rd a n d s a tis fa c tio n
1 8 . Im m o ra l A g ree m e n ts
1 9 . C o n tra c ts u b e rrim a f id e
2 0 . C o erc io n
2 1 . N o v a tio n
2 2 . E x ec u to ry o r F u tu re C o n s id era tio n
2 3 . P riv ity o f c o n tra c t
2 4 . M in o rity a s in c a p a c ity in C o n tra c ts
2 5 . E f fec t o f c o e rc io n in c o n tra c ts
2 6 . M is re p res e n ta tio n
2 7 . R e c ip ro c a l P ro m is e s
2 8 . B a lfo u r v. B a lfo u r

5 mark questions

1 . W rite a n o te o n “ d u ty to d is c lo s e ” in c o n tra c t la w .
2 . E x p la in th e la w in rela tio n to a g ree m e n ts in re s tra in t o f tra d e .
3 . E x p la in th e c irc u m s ta n c es in w h ic h c o n tra c ts a re n o t s p e c ific a lly en fo rc ea b le .
4 . W h a t is m ea n t b y te n d e r o f p erfo rm a n c e ?
5 . P riv ity o f C o n tra c t
 6 . W h a t is m ea n t b y n o v a tio n o f a C o n tra c t? W h a t is its effe c t o n a c o ntra c t?
7 . B u tle r M a c h in e T o o ls C o . v . E x -C e ll-o -C o rp n [1 9 7 9 ] 1 A ll E R 9 6 5 .
8 . C o n tin g en t C o n tra c ts .
9 . W rite a n o te o n 'm is ta k e a s to id en tif y o f p e rs o n '.
1 0 . W h a t is m ea n t b y a d e q u a c y o f C o n s id era tio n ? R efe r to d ec id ed c a s es .
1 1 . D is tin c tio n b e tw ee n fra u d a n d m is rep re s en ta tio n
1 2 . A g re em e n ts o p p o s ed to p u b lic p o lic y
1 3 . M in o rs lia b ility fo r n ec es s a ries
1 4 . A n tic ip a to ry B rea c h o f C o n tra c t
1 5 . Q u a n tu m M eru it
1 6 . W h a t a re th e in g re d ien ts o f a va lid c o n tra c t?
1 7 . E x p la in th e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f ille g a lity o f c o n trac ts .
1 8 . E v a lu a te th e ru le in H a d le y's c a s e .
1 9 . E la b o ra te o n c o n tra c ts th at n ee d n o t b e p erfo rm e d .
2 0 . D is tin g u is h b etw ee n c o e rc io n a n d u n d u e in flu e n c e .

6 mark questions

1 . M r. S a th is h b o u g h t a h o u s e a n d m o rtg a g e d it in h is n a m e fo r a n a m o u n t o f R s . 1 0
la k h s . La ter, w h en h e w a s in fin a n c ia l s trin g e n c y, h e to ld h is d a u g h te r-in - la w S ru th y
to p a y th e b a la n c e a m o u n t o f R s . 6 la k h s in res p ec tiv e in s ta llm en ts s o th a t a fter
th e p a ym en t th e o w n e rs h ip o f th e h o u s e w o u ld b e tra n s ferred to Sru th y.
A c c o rd in g ly, S ruth y s ta rted p a yin g th e in s ta llm e n ts a n d c o n tin u ed p a ym e n t fo r tw o
ye ars . In th e m ea n w h ile S a th is h d ie d a n d S a th is h 's d a ug h ters c la im e d th e h o u s e .
A d vis e S ru th y.
2 . D fin d s a n a u to g ra p h ed c o p y o f a b o o k at P 's s ec o n d h a n d b o o k s h o p . W h en h e
ta k es it to P fo r p u rc h a s in g it P re fu s es to s e ll s a yin g th a t it is n o t f o r s a le. W h a t is
D 's rem ed y?
3 . R a h u l g o t a w a tc h fro m th e ro a d w h ile h e w a s retu rn in g fro m o ffic e. F in d in g it v ery
c o s tly h e a d v ertis e d in tw o n ew s p a p ers h a v ing s u b s tan tia l c irc u la tio n . R a h u l k e p t
it fo r tw o w ee k s . T h e o w n e r c a m e a n d id en tifie d s o m e d a m a g e s to th e w a tc h
w h ic h a c c o rd in g to h im h a p p en e d w h ile th e w a tc h w a s in th e c u s to d y o f R a h u l.
D is c u s s th e rem ed ies fo r b o th p a rties .
4 . X a m e rc h a n t in D elh i, s en t h is s o n Z to K o c h i w ith a lette r fo r Y , a m e rc h a n t in
K o c h i. In th e le tte r h e o ffe re d to s e ll to Y a q u a n tity o f c lo th a n d req u ired Y to g iv e
h is rep ly to Z. Y s e n t aw a y Z w ith o u t a n y re p ly, b u t late r d ec id ed to a c c e p t th e o ffer
o f X b y te leg ra m . T h e teleg ra m rea c h ed X b e fo re Z 's retu rn . H a s a v alid c o n tra c t
c o m e in to e xis ten c e?
5 . T h e d efe n d a n t p ro m is e d to m a rry th e p la intiff o n th e d e a th o f h is fa th er. D u rin g th e
 fa th er's life -tim e th e d efe n d a n t a n n o u n c e d h is in ten tio n n o t to fu lf ill th e p ro m is e
a n d h e b ro k e o f f th e en g ag em e nt. T h e p la in tiff b ro u g ht an a c tio n a g a in s t h im a t
o n c e w ith o u t w a itin g fo r th e d ea th o f h is fa th er. C an s h e d o s o ? D is c u s s .
6 . X , a c a s h ie r o f a c o m p a n y h a d m is a p p ro p riate d R s .2 5 0 0 0 / - o f th e c o m p a n y. B e in g
th re a te n ed w ith c rim in a l p ro s ec u tio n b y th e c o m p a n y. A ex ec u te d a p ro n o te f o r th e
a m o u n t in fa v o u r o f th e c o m p a n y a n d to s e c u re rep a ym e n t o f th e s a m e, d e p o s ite d
th e title d e ed s o f th e h o u s e w ith th e c o m p a n y. T h e c o m p an y s u e d to en fo rc e th e
eq u ita b le m o rtg a g e. T h e d efe n c e o f A w a s th at it w a s in d u c ed to b y u n d u e
in flu en c e, C o u ld A s u c c ee d ?
7 . C a d b u ry C o m p a n y o f fered a m u s ic C D o f "Im a g ina ry F ire' a t d is c o u n t p ric e to
a n yo n e w h o p ro d u c ed W ra p p e rs o f D a iry M ilk C h o c o la te w o rth R s .5 0 0 / -. T h e s e
w ra p p e rs w h en rec eiv ed w ere th ro w n aw a y b y C a d b u ry C o m p an y a s th ey w e re
s h ee r w a s te . T h e M u s ic C o m p a n y c la im e d ro ya lty a t 6 .5 % o f th e a c tu a l s ellin g
p ric e o f th e m u s ic C D fro m C a d b u ry C o . C a d b u ry C o . c o n ten d e d th a t the w ra p p ers
d id n o t fo rm p a rt o f th e C o n s id era tio n a s th ey w ere o f no u s e to th e m . D ec id e .
8 . A a g re es to b u y fro m B a c e rta in h o rs e. It tu rn s o u t th a t th e h o rs e w a s d ea d at th e
tim e o f b a rg a in . B u t n e ith er p a rty w a s a w a re o f th a t fa c t. W h e th e r th e a g re em en t is
en f o rc e a b le?
9 . A c u s to m e r p ic k s u p a n a rtic le in s elf-s e rvic e s to re a n d ta k es it to th e c a s h iers
d e s k to p a y fo r it. H o w ev er c a s h ie r d o e s n o t a llo w h im to p u rc h a s e it. T h e
c u s to m e r s u e s h im f o r b rea c h o f c o ntra c t. D e c id e .
1 0 . M r. X p ro m is e s h is w ife M rs . X th a t h e w o u ld g e t h er a g o ld n ec k la c e if s h e m a k es
a s p e c ia l d is h fo r h im . M rs . X m a d e th e s p ec ia l d is h . B u t M r. X d id n o t g et h er th e
n ec k la c e . W h eth er M rs . X c a n en fo rc e th e p ro m is e . D ec id e .
1 1 . A p ro m is e s to o b ta in B a G o v ern m e n t J o b . B a g ree s to p a y 5 lak h s R u p ee s a n d
p a id a n a d va n c e o f R s . 5 0 ,0 0 0 / -. A d id n o t fu lfils th e p ro m is e a n d B w a n ts to file
s u it a g a in s t A . D e c id e.
1 2 . M r. P a p h ys ic ia n a p p o in ts a n a s s is ta n t B fo r a te rm o f 3 ye a rs a n d b ind s h im th a t
h e s h a ll n o t ta k e u p in d ep en d en t p ra c tic e o r e m p lo ym en t w ith a n y o th er p h ys ic ia n
d u rin g th is p erio d . B u t B ta k es u p in d e p e n d e n t p ra c tic e . W h a t rem e d y is a v a ila b le
to p ?
1 3 . T h e c o n tra c t w a s to p u rc h a s e a M a ru ti A lto C a r. U nk n o w n to b o th th e p a rties to
th e a g re em en t o f s a le, it w a s a lre a d y d es tro ye d in a n a c c id e n t. D e c id e the v a lid ity
o f th e c o n tra c t.
1 4 . T w o b ro th e rs o n p a rtitio n o f th e fa m ily p ro p erty a g re ed b etw ee n th e m s e lve s to p a y
R s . 5 0 0 0 /- e a c h p er m o n th to th e ir m o th e r fo r h er m a inte n a n c e. T h e y b re a c h e d
th eir a g re em en t. W h e th e r th e m o th er, w h o is n o t a p a rty to th e c o n tra c t, c a n
en f o rc e it?
1 5 . F a th er p ro m is e d to p a y h is s o n a s u m o f R s . 1 La k h if th e s o n p a s s es LL .B
 ex a m in a tio n in firs t a ttem p t. T h e s o n p a s s e d th e ex a m in a tio n in th e firs t a ttem p t
its e lf. B u t fa th er fa iled to p a y th e a m o u n t a s p ro m is e d . S o n f ile s a s u it fo r rec o v ery
o f th e a m o u n t. S ta te w h e th e r s o n c a n re c o ve r th e a m o u n t.
1 6 . X h a s a g ree d to d e liv er th e g o o d s to Y f o r c e rta in p ric e o n 1 .1 2 .2 0 1 7 . Tim e is th e
es s e n c e o f th e c o n trac t. X fa ils to d elive r th e g o o d s o n th e s p ec ifie d d a y. Y
res c in d s th e c o n tra c t a nd file s a s u it to c la im d a m a g e s . D ec id e .
1 7 . X a n d Y jo in tly o w n R s . 5 ,0 0 ,0 0 0 / - to Z . X p a id th e e n tire a m o u n t to Z. Y , n o t
k n o w in g th is fa c t p a id th e w h o le a m o u n t to Z . C a n Y re c o ve r th a t a m o u n t fro m Z .
D is c u s s th e p rin c ip le s in v o lv ed in it.

12 mark questions

1 . T h e ru le in E n g lis h la w is th a t p a s t c o n s id era tio n is n o c o n s id era tio n . Sta te th e

ex c e p tio n s to th e ru le . W h a t is th e In d ia n la w o n th e p o int?
2 . W h a t is m e a n t b y f ru s tra tio n ? D is c u s s th e s itu atio n s in w h ic h th e d o c trin e o f
fru s tra tio n a p p lie s . R ef er to d ec id ed c a s e s .
3 . E x p la in th e te rm 'R em o te n es s o f d a m a g e'. D is c u s s th e ru le in H a d le y v. B a xe n d a le
4 . D is c u s s th e p o s itio n o f a m in o r in c o n tra c t la w in res p ec t o f e n terin g in to c o n tra c ts .
R e fer to d e c id e d c a s e s .
5 . E x p la in th e c o n c ep t o f 'f re e c o n s en t'. W h a t a re th e fa c to rs th a t v itia te 'free c o n s e n t'
in C o n tra c t L a w ?
6 . E x p la in th e c a s es in w h ic h th e c o u rt m a y p ro p erly e xe rc is e d is c re tio n n o t to d ec re e
s p e c ific p erfo rm a n c e .
7 . E x p la in th e d o c trin e o f e x n u d o p a c to n o n o ritu r a c tio . W h a t a re th e e xc ep tio n s to
th is ru le?
8 . W h a t is a w a g erin g a g re em en t? W h a t a re th e es s e n tia ls o f w a g e rin g a g re em en ts ?
9 . E x p la in the p rin c ip le s o n w h ic h s p e c ific p erfo rm a n c e o f c o n tra c t m a y b e g ra n te d
a n d m a y no t b e g ra n ted .
1 0 . W h a t d o yo u u n d e rs ta n d b y vo id a b le c o n tra c ts ? W h e n d o e s a c o n tra c t b e c o m e
v o id a b le ?
1 1 . E x p la in th e d iffere n t m o d es o f d is c h a rg e o f c o n tra c ts .
1 2 . W h a t a re c o n tin g en t c o n tra c ts ? E x p la in th e ru le s reg a rd in g e nf o rc e m e n t o f th e s e
c o n tra c ts .