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Algebra operations on functions

Algebra Operations on Functions

Doris Emali

Instructor: Dr. Trushitkumar Patel

Course: MATH 1201-01 College Algebra - AY2025-T2

Date: 28th November 2024

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Task 1

If f: R→ Rand g: R→ R defined by f(x) = 2x+1 and g(x) = 3x+1.

(i) Find the functional values to the algebraic operations \frac{f}{g} \binom {x} , (fg)
(x), fog(x), and gof(x) by explaining the way of performing operations. Show all steps
of calculations.

Given functions:

1. f(x)=2x+1
2. g(x)=3x+1

(i) Functional values for operations:

f
1. Division: (x)
g

The division of functions is defined as:

f f (x ) 2 x +1
(x)= =
g g (x) 3 x +1

Steps:

 Substitute f(x)= 2x+1 and g(x)=3x+1:

f 2 x +1
(x)=
g 3 x +1

2. Multiplication: (fg)(x)

The multiplication of functions is defined as:

(fg)(x)=f(x)⋅g(x)=(2x+1)(3x+1)

Steps:

 Expand (2x+1)(3x+1):
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(fg)(x)=6x2+2x+3x+1=6x2+5x+1.

= (fg)(x)=6x2+5x+1.

3. Composition: f∘g(x)

The composition f∘g(x) is defined as f(g(x)), meaning substitute g(x) into f(x):

f(g(x))=f(3x+1)=2(3x+1)+1.

Steps:

 Replace x in f(x) with g(x)=3x+1:

f(g(x))=2(3x+1)+1=6x+2+1=6x+3.

= f∘g(x)=6x+3.

4. Composition: g∘f(x)

The composition g∘f(x) is defined as g(f(x)), meaning substitute f(x) into g(x):

g(f(x))=g(2x+1)=3(2x+1)+1.

Steps:

 Replace x in g(x) with f(x)=2x+1:

g(f(x))=3(2x+1)+1=6x+3+1=6x+4.

= g∘f(x)=6x+4.

(ii) (ii) Are fg, fog, and gof equal? Please explain your answer.

Compare results:

1. (fg)(x)=6x2+5x+1
2. f∘g(x)=6x+3
3. g∘f(x)=6x+4
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Conclusion:

 (fg)(x) involves multiplication and results in a quadratic function.

 f∘g(x) and g∘f(x) are linear but differ: f∘g(x)=6x+3 and g∘f(x)=6x+4.
 They are not equal because they produce different results.

(iii) (iii) Find the domain and ranges of each of the 4 operations. Explain the procedure of
finding the domain and range for each of above 4 operations.

f 2 x +1
1. Division: (x)=
g 3 x +1

 Domain: g(x)≠ 0, so 3x+1≠0:

1
x≠− .
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1
The domain is all real numbers except x =− .
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2 x +1
 Range: Analyze
3 x +1
2 x +1 2
o As x→±∞, → (horizontal asymptote).
3 x +1 3
2
o The range is all real numbers except .
3

2. Multiplication: (fg)(x)=6x2+5x+1

 Domain: Both f(x) and g(x) are defined for all real numbers. So, (fg)(x) is defined for all
x∈R.
 Range: The leading coefficient determines the minimum and maximum values of
quadratic functions. Here a=6>0, so it opens upward. Range is [minimum value,∞). The
minimum value occurs at:

b 5 5
x=− ==− = .
2a 2.6 12

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Substitute x=− = into 6x2+5x+1 to find the minimum value:
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5 5 5
f = 6(− )2 + 5(− )+1=(calculated value).
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The range starts at this minimum value and extends to ∞.

3. Composition: f∘g(x)=6x+3

 Domain: g(x) is defined for all x, and f(x) is defined for all g(x). Thus, f∘g(x) is defined
for all x∈R.
 Range: Linear function 6x+3 has a range of all real numbers R.

4. Composition: g∘f (x) = 6x+4

 Domain: f (x) is defined for all x, and g(x) is defined for all f (x). Thus, g∘f (x) is defined
for all x∈R.
 Range: Linear function 6x+4 has a range of all real numbers R.

Summary:

f 2 x +1 1 2
1. (x) = , Domain: x ≠ − , Range: R \{ }.
g 3 x +1 3 3
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2. (fg)(x) = 6x2+5x+1, Domain: R, Range: Based on minimum value f(− ).
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3. f∘g(x) = 6x+3, Domain: R, Range: R.
4. g∘f(x) = 6x+4, Domain: R, Range: R.
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Task 2. In a cutting-edge greenhouse, an advanced climate digital control system is

installed based on a DC inverter that maintains the desired temperature in the green house.
The system's temperature control function is described by T(C) = \sqrt{ \frac{20C+15}
{15C+16}

where T represents the temperature inside the greenhouse in degrees Celsius, and C
represents the desired control setting on the climate control system of DC inverter.

Based on that information, please provide answers to the following questions:

(i) Using the concept of the inverse function, determine the control setting (C) as
a function of greenhouse temperature (T). Please outline all the steps clearly.
The given function is:

T(C)=
√ 20 c+15
15 c +16

We need to find the inverse function, C(T), such that C is expressed in terms of T. Here
are the steps:

Next Step

T=
√ 20 c+15
15 c +16

Square both sides

20 c+ 15
T2 =
15 c+16

Elimination of fractions through multiplication of both sides by 15c + 16

T2 (15c + 16) = 20c + 15

Expanding the left side

15CT2 + 16T2 = 20c + 15

Next Step

Rearrangement of equation into a standard linear form

Group terms involving C on one side and constants on the other:

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15CT2−20C=15−16T2

Factor out C on the left-hand side:

C(15T2−20)=15−16T2

Step 4: Solve for C

Divide both sides by 15T2−20:

15−16 T ²
C=
15T ²−20

Thus, the control setting C as a function of T is:

15−16 T ²
C(T)=
15T ²−20

(ii)Discuss any practical limitations or considerations that may impact the functionality of the
inverse function within the context of the greenhouse climate control system.

Domain Restrictions for TTT:

 The square root in the original function T(C) requires the argument to be non-negative:

20 c+ 15
≥0
15 c+16

 Since 15C+16>0 (as a denominator cannot practically be zero), this means 20C+15≥0.
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Solving 20C+15 ≥0, we find C ≥− =−0.75. Therefore, the original function only
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outputs valid T(C) for C≥ −0.75. This must be reflected in the inverse function's domain.

Range Restrictions for T:

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 The numerator 15−16T2 in the inverse function suggests that T must satisfy T2≤ , i.e.,
16
∣T∣ ≤
√15 ≈ 0.968. Thus, the temperature T is bounded within a range for the inverse
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function to make physical sense.

Physical Constraints in the Greenhouse System:

 Climate control systems in real life frequently function within particular temperature
ranges, such as 10°C to 30°C. Beyond these operational bounds, the function and its
inverse may not be valid.
 Although mathematically, control settings (C) can have any value, they may be discrete
or constrained by hardware.

Nonlinear Behavior:

 Due to the function's nonlinearity, minor changes in T may cause significant changes in
C, particularly in the vicinity of critical points (such as the point at which 15T2−20
approaches zero). This can make the control system more sensitive or unstable..

Accuracy of the Model:

 Since the mathematical model is only an approximation, it may not account for all
dynamics that occur in the real world, such as heat exchange or outside environmental
influences on greenhouse temperature.
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Task 3

(i) Graph Drawing

range y ∈ (−∞,∞). Its graph passes through the origin (0,0) and is symmetric about the origin.
The transformations involve the base function f(x) = √5 x , which has the domain x∈(−∞,∞) and

1. Transformation 1: √5 x +6
o Graph shifts vertically upward by 6 units.
2. Transformation 2: √5 x −6
o Graph shifts vertically downward by 6 units.
3. Transformation 3: = √5 50 x
1
o Graph compresses horizontally by a factor of .
√50
5

4. Transformation 4: √5 x /50
o Graph stretches horizontally by a factor of √ 50.
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(ii) Explanation of the Transformations

1. Vertical Shift Upward: √5 x +6

o The graph of √ x shifs upward by 6 units.
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o Each point (x,y) on √ x moves to (x,y+6).

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2. Vertical Shift Downward: √5 x −6

o The graph of √ x shifts downward by 6 units.
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o Each point (x,y) on √ x moves to (x,y−6).

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3. Horizontal Compression: √5 50 x
1
o The graph horizontally compresses by a factor of , making it steeper.
√50
5

o Each point (x,y) on √5 x moves closer to the y-axis, effectively transforming x to

x/50.

4. Horizontal Stretch: √5 x /50

o The graph stretches horizontally by a factor of √ 50, making it less steep.
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o Each point (x,y) on √ x moves farther from the y-axis, effectively transforming x
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to 50x.

(iii) Observations on the Domain and Range

1. Base Function: f(x)=√5 x

o Domain: x∈(−∞,∞)
o Range: y∈(−∞,∞)
2. Transformation 1: √5 x +6
o Domain: x∈(−∞,∞)
o Range: y∈(−∞,∞)
o Range shifts upward by 6 units.
3. Transformation 2: √5 x −6
o Domain: x∈(−∞,∞)
o Range: y∈(−∞,∞)
o Range shifts downward by 6 units.
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4. Transformation 3: √5 50 x
o Domain: x∈(−∞,∞)
o Range: y∈(−∞,∞)
o Domain or range is not affected by the Horizontal compression.
5. Transformation 4: √5 x /50
o Domain: x∈(−∞,∞)
o Range: y∈(−∞,∞)
o The domain or range is not affected Horizontal stretching.
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Task 4

10 t ³
The analysis of the g(t) = , displacement function can be done as follows
12t ²+53

To analyze the displacement function g(t)=10t312t2+53g(t) = \frac{10t^3}{12t^2 +

53}g(t)=12t2+5310t3, we can examine its mathematical and graphical properties. Here's the
breakdown:

(a) Understanding Even Function

1. Definition of an Even Function: If a function g(t) meets the condition g(−t) = g(t) for
every t in its domain, then it is even. All functions are symmetric with regard to the y-
axis graphically.
2. Mathematical Test for Evenness: To determine if g(t) is even:
o Replace t with −t in the function.
o Check if g(−t) = g(t).

10 t ³
For g(t) = :
12t ²+53

10(−t )³ 10 t ³
o g(−t)= = ,
12(−t)²+53 12t ²+53
o Clearly, g(−t) ≠ g(t), as the numerator changes sign while the denominator
remains unchanged.

Therefore, the function is not even.

(b) Graphical Analysis of Symmetry

1. Odd Function Test: A function g(t) is odd if g(−t)=−g(t) Graphically, odd functions are
symmetric about the origin.
10 t ³
o For g(−t)= , observe that g(−t)=−g(t).
12t ²+53
o This satisfies the condition for odd symmetry.

Conclusion: The function g(t) is odd, as g(−t)=−g(t).

2. Graphical Symmetry Analysis:

o The g(t) graph will exhibit symmetry with respect to the origin. This implies that
the graph will seem exactly the same if it is mirrored over the y-axis and then over
the x-axis.
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References

Mathisfun. (n.d.). Operations with functions. https://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/functions-

operations.html

Stitz, C., & Zeager, J. (2013). College algebra. Stitz Zeager Open Source
Mathematics. https://stitz-zeager.com/szca07042013.pdf