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Qualitative Research Chap 1

This document provides guidelines on writing a well-structured research title and the essential components of qualitative research, including the background of the study, statement of the problem, significance, and scope. It emphasizes the importance of clarity, focus, and proper grammar in crafting a research title that reflects the study's aims and methodology. Additionally, it outlines steps for formulating research questions and highlights the significance of the study in contributing to knowledge and societal benefits.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views101 pages

Qualitative Research Chap 1

This document provides guidelines on writing a well-structured research title and the essential components of qualitative research, including the background of the study, statement of the problem, significance, and scope. It emphasizes the importance of clarity, focus, and proper grammar in crafting a research title that reflects the study's aims and methodology. Additionally, it outlines steps for formulating research questions and highlights the significance of the study in contributing to knowledge and societal benefits.

Uploaded by

Chat Reales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical Research I Sabang National High School

QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
CHAPTER I

Ian Albert O. Amparo


WRITING A
WRITING YOUR RESEARCH TITLE
A research title concisely summarizes the content
of the study. It is important to ensure that it
differentiates the study from other existing
research.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A WELL-
STRUCTURED RESEARCH TITLE
FOCUSED AND FORMAL
DIRECT formal tone
should not contain
should include the
abbreviations, jargons,
variables and the field
or colloquial terms
of inquiry of the study
unless these are the
provides an idea of the
main focus of the study
study’s contents
CHARACTERISTICS OF A WELL-
STRUCTURED RESEARCH TITLE
BRIEF BUT CLEAR
SUBSTANTIAL benefits those who do
not know much about
usually composed of 16
the field of inquiry
essential words
helps those looking for
consists of the most
references
important information
about the study
A research title should be able to summarize the
study in the fewest possible words.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A WELL-
STRUCTURED RESEARCH TITLE
PROPER GRAMMAR FORMAL
AND CAPITALIZATION formal tone
first letter of every word is should not contain
capitalized except for some abbreviations, jargons,
words or colloquial terms
proper use of coordinating
unless these are the
conjunctions, prepositions, and
articles main focus of the study
STEPS ON WTRITING A
RESEARCH TITLE
1. IDENTIFY THE CORE ELEMENTS
OF YOUR STUDY
1. Research Topic: What is your study about? (e.g., absenteeism among
students)
2. Population: Who are you studying? (e.g., Grade 11 students)
3. Context: Where is your study taking place? (e.g., Sabang National
High School)
4. Approach/Focus: How will you explore the topic? (e.g., phenomenological
analysis, case study)
2. DEFINE THE SCOPE AND KEY
VARIABLES
Think about the specific focus of your study:
What phenomenon are you investigating? (e.g., causes of
absenteeism)
What are the key variables or themes? (e.g., lived
experiences, perceptions, challenges)
3. EMPHASIZE THE QUALITATIVE
APPROACH OF THE STUDY
Use words that highlight the qualitative methodology, such
as:
Phenomenological Analysis
Case Study
Grounded Theory
Ethnographic Study
Narrative Inquiry
Content Analysis
4. ENSURE CLARITY AND BREVITY
Your title should:

Clearly state the main focus of the study.


Be concise but informative (avoid unnecessary jargon).
Avoid being overly broad or vague.
5. COMBINE ELEMENTS INTO A
DRAFT TITLE
Use the identified elements to construct your title. For example:

1. Topic + Population + Context:


"Lived Experiences of Grade 11 Students on Absenteeism at Sabang National
High School"
2. Topic + Approach:
"A Phenomenological Analysis of Absenteeism Among Grade 11 Students"
3. Topic + Context + Focus:
"Understanding the Root Causes of Absenteeism Among Grade 11 Students in
Sabang National High School"
6. REVISE FOR IMPACT AND
PRECISION
Polish your title to make it engaging while retaining its academic tone. For
example:

Original: "Reasons Why Students Are Absent in School"

Revised: "Exploring the Lived Experiences of Grade 11 Students Behind School


Absenteeism: A Phenomenological Study"
7. CHECK ALIGNMENT WITH
RESEARCH GOALS
Make sure your title reflects:

The qualitative nature of your study.


The main research questions or objectives.
EXAMPLE TITLES:
"Exploring Teachers' Perceptions of Classroom Management: A
Qualitative Case Study"
"Voices of Struggle: A Phenomenological Inquiry into the
Experiences of Working Students"
"Tracing the Legacy of Sabang National High School: A Historical
Qualitative Study of Alumni and Faculty Perspectives"
Decoding the Language of Identity: A Discourse Analysis of Gay
Lingo Among Filipino Youth
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE PROBLEM AND 3. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY


4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

ITS BACKGROUND 5. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION


6. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The introduction to a research paper is where you set
up your topic and approach for the reader.

It presents the background to your study, introduces


your topic and aims, and gives an overview of the
paper.

It explain your paper’s scope, context, and importance.


BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It goes beyond providing a brief overview of the
research paper topics, as it includes crucial elements
such as background, aims, objectives, and research
questions.

The introduction must answer the ‘why’ questions


related to the research, such as why the study is being
conducted, why it is important, and why this particular
topic was chosen.
1: Introduction
to the Topic/ 2: Research
Background 3: Problem
Hook
Statement
4: Rationale

10: Significance

BACKGROUND
5: Aim
OF THE STUDY
9: Thesis
Statement

8: Research 6: Research
7: Hypothesis
Questions Objectives
INTRODUCE YOUR TOPIC
The hook is the opening sentence or phrase of your
introduction that grabs the reader’s attention and
draws them in. It should be interesting, relevant, and
perhaps even surprising.
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
This could include explaining why the topic is
important, what has been done on the topic in the past,
and any relevant background information that the
reader needs to know.
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
RESEARCH PROBLEM
The problem statement is a specific, focused, and
concise statement that outlines the research problem
or questions that your study aims to address.
RATIONALE
The research rationale explains the justification for
your study and why it is important to address the
research problem.
RESEARCH AIM
It should be broad enough to encompass the scope of
your research but specific enough to provide direction
for your research objectives.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The research objectives are specific, measurable, and
achievable goals that you aim to accomplish through
your research.
HYPOTHESIS
A research hypothesis is a statement that predicts the
relationship between two or more variables in your
study. It should be testable and provide a clear
direction for your research.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Research questions are specific, focused questions
that you aim to answer through your research. They
should be closely linked to your research problem and
aim and should guide your research methodology and
analysis.
THESIS STATEMENT
The thesis statement expresses the position that the
rest of the paper will present evidence and arguments
for. It can be presented in one or two sentences.
SIGNIFICANCE
The significance section should make it clear why your
research is important and what impact it could have on
the field.
INTRODUCTION

General Legal Local scenario Felt need of the


background of basis/bases study
the topic/title
WHAT IS THE URGENCY IN THE CONDUCT OF THE STUDY?
TIPS
The overview should be
written in the present tense.
To help your readers, try to write as
clearly as possible. Use concise
Avoid one long paragraph. sentences.

Read your introduction out loud to Each page must be


catch awkward phrases. Before
you finish your paper, be sure to
limited to three
proofread, too. paragraphs only.
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE PROBLEM AND 3. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY


4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

ITS BACKGROUND 5. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION


6. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is a critical section of a research study that identifies the specific issue or
concern the research intends to address. The SOP provides clarity, focus, and
context for the study and lays the foundation for your objectives and
methodology.

A clear and concise description of the issue or phenomenon being studied.

Explains what is wrong, why it matters, and who is affected.


STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE PATTERN (GENERAL PROBLEM)

The purpose of this (phenomenological, case study,


ethnographic, content analysis) is to (understand, describe,
develop, discover) the (central phenomenon of the study) for
(the participants) at (local). Specifically, this study aims to
address the following questions:

(CRESWELL AND CLARK, 2014)


STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The general problem is followed by an enumeration of the specific problems.
These problems are usually stated as questions that the researcher seeks to
answer. Therefore, the specific problems must meet the following criteria:

1. They must be in question form.


2. They must define the population and the samples of the study (respondents).
3. They must identify the variables being studied.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE PATTERN

The purpose of this (phenomenological, case study, ethnographic, content


analysis) is to (understand, describe, develop, discover) the (central phenomenon
of the study) for (the participants) at (local). Specifically, this study aims to
address the following questions:

1. SOP 1
2. SOP 2
3. SOP 3
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING
THE RESEARCH QUESTION
1. Start with "how" or "what":

These words open the question for exploration rather than limiting it, which is key
for qualitative research.
Example for SOP: "What are the lived experiences of Grade 11 students facing
absenteeism?"
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING
THE RESEARCH QUESTION
2. Focus on discovery or understanding:

SOPs should reflect what the research intends to uncover or describe, such as
processes, experiences, or patterns.
Example: "This study seeks to explore the personal, familial, and environmental
factors contributing to absenteeism."
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING
THE RESEARCH QUESTION
3. Ask “What happened?” to describe:

This aligns with descriptive goals in the SOP, where the research seeks to
understand the phenomenon itself.
Example: "What are the main challenges faced by students that lead to
absenteeism?"
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING
THE RESEARCH QUESTION
4. Ask “What was the meaning?” to understand results:

Understanding meanings is crucial in qualitative research, especially for


phenomenological or narrative approaches.
Example: "What is the significance of absenteeism in the lives of Grade 11 students
and their families?"
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING
THE RESEARCH QUESTION
5. Ask “What happened over time?” to explore processes:

This is suitable for studies focusing on change or development, such as longitudinal


qualitative research.
Example: "How have the factors influencing absenteeism evolved over the academic
year?"
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE PROBLEM AND 3. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY


4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

ITS BACKGROUND 5. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION


6. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study is a written statement that
explains why your research was needed.

It’s a justification of the importance of your work and impact


it has on your research field, it’s contribution to new
knowledge and how others will benefit from it.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study must be stated in the
Introduction section of your research paper.

While stating the significance, you must highlight how your


research will be beneficial to the development of science and
the society in general.
WRITING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In writing the significance of the study, always refer to the
statement of the problem.
Determine the specific contribution of your thesis study to
society as well as to the individual.
Must identify who will benefit from the study and it must be
arranged from the most benefited to the least benefited.
WRITING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Discuss the reasons in conducting the research.

If your have beneficiary , you can just write it in one or two


paragraphs (Why it is important to conduct the study and all
beneficiaries and how they can benefit from the study?)
WHY IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY IMPORTANT?

The significance of the study is importance to convey to the


reader why the research work was important.
Your academic writing should clearly communicate the
significance of your research, the contributions you made,
and the benefits it offers.
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE PROBLEM AND 3. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY


4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

ITS BACKGROUND 5. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION


6. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION
FROM A GENERAL RESEARCH TOPIC “EVERYDAY EXPERIENCES OF
LOCAL FARMERS IN CALABANGA,” IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING:

1. A general purpose for conducting the study


2. Participants of the study
3. Geographical setting of the study
4. Duration of the study
5. Factors that can affect the conduct of the study
SCOPE, LIMITATION, AND DELIMITATION

In qualitative research, these elements


define the study’s focus, constraints, and
boundaries, helping to clarify its direction.
WHAT IS SCOPE?
Scope refers to how far the research area has explored and
parameters in with the study will be operating in. The type of
information to be included in the scope of a research project would
include facts and theories about the subject of the project.
SCOPE (WHAT THE STUDY COVERS)
The scope explains what the study includes—its focus, participants, setting, and method.
Example:
A case study on the challenges faced by street vendors in Naga City in maintaining their
businesses amid local government regulations.

Topic: Challenges of street vendors


Participants: Street vendors in Naga City
Setting: Naga City, Philippines
Approach: Case study
Data Collection: Interviews and observations
LIMITATION (WEAKNESSES OF THE STUDY)
Limitations refer to factors that may affect the study but are beyond the researcher’s control.
Example:
A case study on the challenges faced by street vendors in Naga City in maintaining their
businesses amid local government regulations.

The study only includes vendors willing to be interviewed, which may not reflect the views of
all street vendors.
Some respondents may hesitate to share details about illegal or unregistered businesses.
The study does not consider the perspectives of government officials who enforce
regulations.
DELIMITATION (BOUNDARIES SET BY THE RESEARCHER)
Delimitations are the intentional choices made by the researcher to narrow the study’s focus.
Example:
A case study on the challenges faced by street vendors in Naga City in maintaining their
businesses amid local government regulations.

The study only focuses on street vendors, excluding those in permanent market stalls.
It does not analyze economic trends but focuses on personal and business-related
challenges.
The study only examines vendors in Naga City, not in other areas.
POPULATION

Scope Delimitation
Rice farmers in Central Rice farmers in selected
Luzon areas in Nueva Ecija,
Central Luzon
TIME ELEMENT AND DURATION

Scope Delimitation
Elections in the postwar 2004, 2010, and 2016
period presidential elections
TOPICS OR IDEAS COVERED

Scope Delimitation
Occurrence of typhoons Occurrence and effects of
super typhoons (e.g.,
Haiyan or Yolanda)
GEOGRAPHICAL DETAILS

Scope Delimitation
Poverty in urban spaces Poverty in selected cities in
Metro Manila
THEORIES AND METHODS

Scope Delimitation
Use of qualitative methods Use of specific qualitative
instead of quantitative or research methods such as
mixed methods interviews and focus group
discussions only
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE PROBLEM AND 3. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY


4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

ITS BACKGROUND 5. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION


6. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
THEORY – an organized body of concepts synthesized from studies,
related facts or observations which serves as an acceptable
explanation to the existence or truth of something

FRAMEWORK – fundamental structures which supports and give


shape to the general body
WHAT IS THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK?
A foundational review of existing theories

Serves as a roadmap or blueprint for developing


arguments and supporting research
WHAT IS THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK?
A theoretical framework is the foundation that guides research,
providing a structured lens to analyze a problem. It consists of existing
theories that explain relationships between variables and support the
study’s direction.

Overview of the theory that the research is based on

Can be made up of theories, principles and concepts


WHAT SHOULD BE IN IT?
Theory or theories that the researcher
considers relevant for their research,
principles and concepts.
WHAT SHOULD BE IN IT?
Theory or theories that the researcher
considers relevant for their research,
principles and concepts.
EXAMPLES
1. Social and Cultural Theories
Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977) – Explains how individuals learn behaviors through
observation, imitation, and modeling.
Culture Theory – Examines how cultural values, traditions, and beliefs shape human
behavior.
Symbolic Interactionism (Mead, 1934) – Focuses on how people create meanings through
social interactions.
Social Constructivism (Vygotsky, 1978) – Emphasizes how knowledge and understanding
develop through social and cultural contexts.

✔ Example Study: The Influence of Peer Groups on the Language Development of Senior High
School Students
EXAMPLES
2. Psychological and Developmental Theories

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1943) – Explores how human motivation is driven by


fulfilling basic to higher-level needs.
Cognitive Theory (Piaget, 1952) – Examines how individuals process and use information
in learning.
Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory (1950) – Describes how individuals develop
identity through life stages.

✔ Example Study: The Impact of Parental Support on the Self-Esteem of Adolescents


EXAMPLES
3. Behavioral and Learning Theories

Behavioral Theory (Skinner, 1953) – Focuses on how external reinforcements shape


behavior.
Experiential Learning Theory (Kolb, 1984) – Suggests that learning happens through
experiences and reflection.
Transformational Learning Theory (Mezirow, 1991) – Explains how individuals change their
perspectives through learning experiences.

✔ Example Study: How Reward Systems Influence Student Engagement in Senior High School
EXAMPLES
4. Educational and Organizational Theories

Tinto’s Model of Student Integration (1975) – Explores factors influencing student


retention and dropout rates.
Communities of Practice (Wenger, 1998) – Examines how people learn and grow within
social groups.
Constructivist Learning Theory (Bruner, 1960) – Highlights how learners actively construct
their own knowledge.

✔ Example Study: The Role of Collaborative Learning in Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills
EXAMPLES
5. Environmental and Human Relations Theories

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory (1979) – Explains how different


environmental layers (family, school, society) affect human development.
Human-Environment Relations Theory – Focuses on how physical spaces influence
human behavior and well-being.
Culture Ecology Theory – Studies the relationship between cultural groups and their
physical environments.

✔ Example Study: The Effects of School Infrastructure on Student Learning


1. CULTURE THEORY
This theory examines how cultural norms, values, and traditions shape individuals'
behaviors, beliefs, and societal structures.

Cultural Influences on Learning Styles Among Indigenous Senior High School Students

Culture Theory will help analyze how indigenous students' cultural backgrounds
influence their preferred learning styles. Using ethnography, researchers can observe
students in their learning environments, conduct interviews, and document traditions
that shape their educational experiences.
2. GENDER THEORY
Gender Theory explores how social and cultural norms construct gender identities and
expectations, influencing individuals’ experiences.

The Impact of Gender Expectations on the Career Choices of Senior High School Students

Gender Theory will help interpret how societal gender norms shape students’ career
aspirations. Using phenomenology, researchers will explore students’ lived experiences,
analyzing their perspectives on gender roles and career decision-making through in-
depth interviews.
3. TRANSFORMATIONAL THEORY
This theory focuses on leadership-driven changes that inspire and motivate individuals
toward improvement.

Enhancing Student Engagement in Rural Public Schools Through Leadership Practices

Transformational Theory will guide the study in evaluating how leadership practices
influence student engagement. Using a case study, researchers will observe school
leaders, interview students and teachers, and analyze leadership strategies that foster
motivation and participation.
4. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT RELATIONS THEORY
This theory explores how physical spaces and environmental conditions affect human
behavior, well-being, and social interactions.

The Impact of School Infrastructure on Student Learning and Engagement

Human Environment Relations Theory will help examine how school design affects
student engagement and learning. Using phenomenology, researchers will collect
students’ personal experiences through interviews and observations in different school
settings.
EXAMPLE OF THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
If researching how social media affects student performance,
your theoretical framework might include Albert Bandura’s
Social Learning Theory, which explains how students model
behaviors they see online. This theory helps frame the study by
connecting social media exposure to academic habits.
EXAMPLE OF THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (1977) originally focused on
learning through observation, imitation, and modeling in face-to-face
interactions, not online.

However, the theory has since been applied to digital spaces, as media
and technology have become significant sources of observational
learning.
EXAMPLE OF THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Explanation of Social Learning Theory:
Bandura's theory states that people learn by observing others and
imitating their behaviors. This learning process involves:
1. Attention – Watching and focusing on a model's behavior.
2. Retention – Remembering what was observed.
3. Reproduction – Trying to copy the behavior.
4. Motivation – Deciding whether to repeat the behavior based on
rewards or consequences.
EXAMPLE OF THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A child watches their older Even though Bandura did not specifically
mention social media, his theory applies to
sibling politely say "thank
digital platforms. For instance:
you" when receiving a gift. A student follows influencers who promote
Later, the child does the study habits
same, learning through The student observes and remembers these
habits.
observation.
They try the technique and find it effective.
Positive results (good grades, motivation)
reinforce the behavior.
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE PROBLEM AND 3. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY


4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

ITS BACKGROUND 5. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION


6. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
WHAT IS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK?

A conceptual framework is a researcher’s way of


understanding the topic. It outlines the key concepts,
variables, and their relationships in a study.
WHAT IS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK?
Conceptual framework represents way of thinking
about a problem or a study or way of representing
how complex things are.
- Bordage, 2009

“It’s like lighthouse”


WHAT IS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK?
Conceptual framework is a structure which the researcher
believes could best explain the natural progression of the
phenomenon to be studied (Camp, 2001).

It offers a logical structure of connected concepts that


help provide a picture or visual display of how ideas in a
study relate to one another (Grant & Osanloo, 2014)
EXAMPLE
If you're researching the challenges of online learning, your
conceptual framework should explain what factors affect student
learning (e.g., internet access, motivation, teacher support) and
how these factors interact.
DIFFERENCE OF THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL

Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework

Rigid—based on an established theory. Flexible—based on different studies & perspectives.

Uses a specific theory to explain the study. Focuses on key concepts & how they relate.

Adopted from existing theories. Created by the researcher based on the research problem.
DIFFERENCE OF THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL

Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework

Rigid—based on an established theory. Flexible—based on different studies & perspectives.

Uses a specific theory to explain the study. Focuses on key concepts & how they relate.

Adopted from existing theories. Created by the researcher based on the research problem.
1️⃣ Identify the research problem
What is your study about?
Example: “Why do students struggle with online learning?”
2️⃣ Determine key concepts
What factors influence the problem?
Example: Internet access, time management, teacher support.
STEP-BY- 3️⃣ Establish relationships between concepts
STEP GUIDE How do these factors connect?
Example: Poor internet → low engagement → academic challenges.
4️⃣ Create a visual representation (Conceptual Paradigm)
Use an Input-Process-Output (IPO) model or Cause-and-Effect diagram.
\
CONCEPTUAL Input Process Output
PARADIGM
Internet Connection Conduct Interviews List of Common Challenges
For a study on
“Challenges in
Online Learning for Study Environment Record Student Answers

Senior High School Suggested Solutions


Recommendations for Better

Students” Online Learning

Teacher Support Identify Patterns


1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE PROBLEM AND 3. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY


4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

ITS BACKGROUND 5. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION


6. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The definition of terms in a research is a list of important
words or acronyms that a researcher needs to delineate in
order to fully explain or present the thesis or research
study.

It is an annex located at either the beginning or at the end


of a research paper.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

The way it is written could considerably affect how the


reader will understand the thesis. The list will likely include
terms that are not widely known outside the researcher’s
discipline.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

These terms include particular theoretical constructs,


formulas, operational definitions that differ from colloquial
definitions, schools of thought and discipline-specific
acronyms.
2 TYPES OF DEFINITIONS
THEORETICAL DEFINITION
A theoretical definition explains a concept in an abstract or
general way, based on existing theories and literature. It
provides a broad understanding but does not specify how to
measure or observe the concept.
Motivation is the internal drive that compels a person to take action (Deci & Ryan, 1985).
2 TYPES OF DEFINITIONS
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
An operational definition specifies how a concept will be
measured or observed in a study. It translates abstract
ideas into concrete, measurable terms.

In this study, motivation is measured by the number of hours students spend studying per
week.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
POINTS TO REMEMBER

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