1.

30
Assignment 06 || 10 JUNE PHYSICS-Xll

Example 36. Assuming that the charge on an atom is Example 39. Two point charges of +16 pC and -9 pC are
distributed unifortnli/ in a sphere of radius 10"^*^ m, zvhat placed 8 cm apart in air. Determine the positioii of the point
zvill be the electric field at the surface of the gold atom ? at which the resultant field is zero.
For gold, Z = 79. Solution. Let P be the point at distance x cm from
Solution. The charge may be assumed to be -to
con A, where the net field is zero.
centrated at the centre of the sphere of radius 10 m.

r = 10“^®m, q = Ze=79xl.6xlO-^^C = + 16 nC = - 9 |iC

1 q 9x10^x79x1.6x10
-19
A P B
E =
♦H- 8-x
4tc£q r^ (10-10)2
= 1.138 X 10^^ Fig. 1.46
Example 37. Two point charges A and B of magnitude
+8xlO"^C and -8xlO"^C respectively are placed at a At point P, + £2 = 0
distance d apart. The electric field at the middle point O kxlSxlO^^ kx{-9)xlQ-^
between the charges is 6.4xlO‘*NC"\ Find the distance'd ' = 0
between the point charges A and B. [jEE Main June 22) (ATX 10"^)^ [(8-;r)xl0“^f
Solution. 16 9
or
E
+ 8x10
-6
C -8x10
-6
C
(8-xf
A0- 4 4 3
d/2 O d/2 or — = +
x 8-x
^-0
32
= 2-^ —
8kq or x = — cm, 32 cm
7
32
{2j
At X = — cm, both E, and will be in the same
7 ^ ^
^2 _ ^ _8x9x10^x8x10"^ =9 direction, therefore, net electric field cannot be zero.

6.4x10^ Hence x = 32 cm

rf = 3 m. i.e., electric field is zero at a point 24 cm to the right of

-9 pC charge.
Example 38. Two point charges of +lpC and -i-4pC are
kept 30 cm apart. How far from the +lpC charge on the line Example 40. Two point charges q.^= +0.2 C and
joining the two charges, will the net electric field be zero ? 4/2 = + 0.4 C are placed 0.1 m apart. Calculate the electric
(CBSE OD 20] field at
Solution.
(rt) the midpoint between the charges,
= +1 pC (j2 = + 4pC
4 {b) a point on the line joining and ^2 smc/i that it is
A £2 P £1 B
0.05 m away from <^2 and 0.15 m away from q^
0.30 - X
Solution, (a) Let O be the midpoint between the
Fig. 1.45 two charges.
The electric field at point P will be zero if 9, = + 0.2C (?2 = + 0.4 C
£,=£2 A O B
-6

or
1 lxl0~^^ 1 4x10 £j £2
M- 0.1 m M
4716^ x^ 47ieg (0.30-x)^
or (0.30-x)^=4x^ or 0.30-x=+2x Fig. 1.47
or x=0.10m or x = -0.30m

At X = - 0.30 m i.e., at 30 cm to the left of q^ both Ej Electric field at O due to q^

and £2 will be in the same direction, therefore net _^kq^ _9xl0%0.2 = 7.2 X 10^^ NC"\
electric field cannot be zero. Net electric field will be
zero at x = +0.10m i.e., at 10 cm to the right of +lpC
r^ ~ {O.OSf
charge. acting along AO
 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELD 1.31

Electric field at O due to q2> The electric field vector Ej at A due to the negative
_ kq^ _9x 10^ X 0,4 charge £^2 points towards the right and it has a
^ ~ (0.05)^ magnitude,
9x10^x10'^
= 14.4x 10'^ NC \ acting along BO ^2 = NC”’ =3.6X 10“^ NC"^
Net field at O = £2 - £^ (0.05)^
= 7.2 X 10^' NC acting along BO. Magnitude of the total electric field at A
E^=E^ + £2
{b) Electric field at P due to q^, = 3.6 X 10^^ + 3.6 X 10^ = 7.2 x 10“^ NC"^
9 X 10^ X 0.2
, acting along AP
E^ is directed towards the right.
The electric field vector £^ at B due to the positive

w
Electric field at P due to q2,
_ 9 X 10^ X 0.4 , acting along BP
charge q^ points towards the left and it has a
(0.05)^ magnitude,

Flo
9x10^x10'®
E,1 = NC’=3.6x10^ NC’
i7i=+0.2C ^2 = + 0.4 C £] ►
(0.05)2

ee
A B
£2 ►
0.1m 0.05 m
The electric field vector £2 at B due to the negative

Fr
M-

charge ^2 points towards the right and it has a

Fig. 1.48 magnitude.
9x10^x10"^
NC’ = 4x10^ NC“’
Net electric field at point P is for
ur
^2 =
0.2 0.4 (0.15)2
£= £j + £2=9x10^ +
Magnitude of the total electric field at B
(0.15)2 (0.05)2
ks

= 1.52 X 10’2 NC'’, acting along AP.

£^ = £^ - £2 = 3.2 X 10^ NC'*
Yo
oo

Efj is directed towards the left.

Example 41. Two point charges q^ and f^2 of 10 ^ C and
Magnitude of each electric field vector, at point C,
eB

-10 C respectively are placed 0.1 m apart. Calculate the

electric fields at points A, B and C shown in Fig. 1.49. of charges £jj and £^2 is
[NCERT] 9x10^x10'®
£i = £2 = = 9x 10^ NC -I
r

(0.1)2
ou
ad

The directions in which these two vectors point are

shown in Fig. 1.49. The resultant of these vectors is
Y

given by
£^=^£j2+ £^2 + 2 £j £2 cos 0
nd
Re

= ^{9 X 10^)2 + (9 X 10^)2 + 2 X 9 X 10^ X 9 X 10^ cos 120“

Fi

=9x 10^.yi+l + 2(-l/2) NC“’ = 9x 10^ NC'’

Since £^ and £2 are equal in magnitude, so their
resultant acts along the bisector of the angle
Fig. 1.49 between £j and £2, i.e., towards right.

Solution. The electric field vector £j at A due to the Example 42. ABCD is a square of side 5 m. Charges of
+ 50 C, - 50 C and + 50 C £jre placed at A, C and D
positive charge £/^ points towards the right and it has a respectively. Find the resultant electric field at B.
magnitude.
Solution. Electric field at B due to + 50 C charge at
_ cf£/i _9x10^x10"^ NC
-I
A is
rf ~ (0.05)2
= 3.6x10^ NC"’ E.y = k ~
Y
=k 5
=2k, along AB
 PHYSICS-XII

£3 Example 43. Four charges + q, + q,-q,-q arc placed

Ei
respectively at the four comers A, B, C and D of a square of
A 5 m 6X45°
+ 50C - - ►ar side 'a'. Calculate the electric field at the centre of the square.
[Punjab 96C]
E
£2 Solution. Let £'A' Eg, and £p be the electric fields
5 m
5 m
at the centre O of the square due to the charges at A, B,
C and D respectively. Their directions are as shown in
Fig.
+ 50C # -50C
D 5 m

Y
Fig. 1.50 y

AlsoElectric
revise field at B due to -50 C charge at C is
the today's topic along with derivation
£2 = k~=2k,
52
along BC

Electric field at B due to + 50 C charge at D is

50
£, = cf . —= = k, along DB Fig. 1.51

Since all the charges are of equal magnitude and at

Component of £j along x-axis =2k the same distance r from the centre O, so
(as it acts along x-axis)
Component of £2 along x-axis = 0 £^ = £g = ^ = £q = /r ~ a
2

(as it acts along y-axis)

J [●.* r^ + r^ = a^]
Component of £3 along x-axis
Because E^ and £^ act in the same direction, so
= £3 cos 45° = k V2- their resultant is
2kq 2kq _4kq
Total electric field at B along x-axis 2
a a
1 ^
= 2fc + 0 + 4 = k 2 +
Similarly, resultant of Eg and Eg, is
J2
Now, £ - £ + £ =1^2
a

Component of £j along y-axis =0

Now, the resultant of £^ and £2 will be
Component of £2 along y-axis =2k
Component of £3 along y-axis +
4kq ^2
2
a
Ey = £3 sin 45° = %/2
But the components of £, and £3 act in opposite direc
= 4^2 'i4,
a^
tions, therefore, total electric field at B along y-axis directed parallel tO/4D or BC, as shown in Fig. 1.51(fj).
k ( 1 ^
= 2k-4= = k 2- ^
^/2 I J2) cos ^p = -^£ = V2 ●. p=45°
Resultant electric field at B will be
i.e., the resultant field is inclined at an angle of 45° with AC.
£ =
Example 44. Two point charges+6q and -Sqare placedat
the vertices 'S' and 'C of an equilateral triangle ABC of side
k f 2+^
1 + k 2- ‘a' as shown in Fig. 1.52(a). Obtain the expression for (i) the
n magnitude and (ii) the direction of the resultant electric field
= 3fc =3 X 9 X 10^ NC "^ = 2.7 X 10^° NC at the vertex A due to these two charges. [CBSE OD 14C)
If the resultant field £ makes angle P with x-axis, then Solution, (i) As shown in Fig. 1.52(1?), the fields at
.._o ^ {2-lN2)k
t3n p — — — — = 0.4776 or p = 25.5°. point A due to the charges at B and C are £g^ and
£^ {2+l/^)k respectively.
 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELD

5. Two point charges +q and -2q are placed at the

vertices 'B' and 'C of an equilateral triangle ABC
of side ‘a' as shown in Fig. 1.53. Obtain the
1.33

/
expression for (i) the magnitude and (ii) the
direction of the resultant electric field at the vertex
A due to these two charges. [CBSE OD 14C1

(ii) 30° with AQ

Fig. 1.52

Their magnitudes are

w
1
.~=6E, where £ =
47TE a
0

£^c=—-^-8£

Flo
6. Find the magnitude and direction of electric field at
47te -2 0
a
point Pin Fig. 1.54.

ee
The magnitude of the resultant field is

Fr
£
net ~ -J^BA + ^AC +2 £g^ cosl20°

'(6E)^+(8£)^+2x6£x8£xf-i for
ur
I 2)

= £^/52 = 1 q-M
2
ks
4716 a
0
Yo

(if) If the resultant field makes an angle p with AC, then

oo

£^sinl20° 6£x(^^/2) 3^/3 Fig. 1.54

eB

tanp = -
+ £g^ cos 120' { =5
AC 8£+6£ - ^ 1 2q
along BP produced
4;t8r,0 '
3V3
r

p = tan ^ — 7. Three charges, each equal to q are placed at the tliree

ou
ad

s
corners of a square of side a. Find the electric field
at the fourth comer.
Y

roblems For Practice

Ans. (2v^+ 1) L
nd

HINTS
Re

1. An electron is separated from the proton through a

distance of 0.53 A. Calculate the electric field at the 1. Electric field at the location of the electron,
Fi

location of the electron.

(Ans. 5.1x10” NC"*) q _ 9x10^ x1.6x10"^9
= 5.1x10^^ NC"V
2. Determine the electric field produced by a helium 47160 ' (0.53x10"^®)^
nucleus at a distance of 1 A from it. -10
2. Here q = + 2e and r = 1 A = 10 m.

(Ans. 2.88x10” NC"’)

3. Two point charges + q and + 4q are separated by a 3. Suppose the electric field is zero at distance x from
distance of 6a. Find the point on the line joining the the charge + q. Then
two charges where the electric field is zero. _J_ 1 4q
(Ans. At a distance 2a from charge + q) 47T60 x'^ 471:60 (6a-x)^
4. Two point charges q^ and 4/2 of 2 x 10”®C and or (6a-x)^ = 4x^ or 6a X = 2x

- 2 X 10"^C respectively are placed 0.4 m apart. or x = 2a

Calculate the electric field at the centre of the line
Electric field is zero at distance 2a from the
joining the two charges. ICBSE F 94C1
charge + q.
(Ans. 900 NC~\ towards tlie -ve charge) 4. Proceed as in Exercise 1.8 on page 1.81.