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Grade 9 Physics Experiments Notes - Google Docs

The document outlines nine Grade 9 physics experiments, including Hooke's Law, pendulum motion, center of gravity, ticker tape analysis, density measurement, beam balance, heat capacity, thermometer calibration, and ATP's role in energy transfer. Each experiment includes aims, apparatus, methods, expected results, and key concepts. The experiments aim to teach fundamental physics principles through hands-on activities and observations.

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Jayathi Devireddy
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10 views7 pages

Grade 9 Physics Experiments Notes - Google Docs

The document outlines nine Grade 9 physics experiments, including Hooke's Law, pendulum motion, center of gravity, ticker tape analysis, density measurement, beam balance, heat capacity, thermometer calibration, and ATP's role in energy transfer. Each experiment includes aims, apparatus, methods, expected results, and key concepts. The experiments aim to teach fundamental physics principles through hands-on activities and observations.

Uploaded by

Jayathi Devireddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭Grade 9 Physics Experiments Notes:‬

‭1. Spring - Hooke’s Law Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To investigate the relationship between the force applied to a spring and its extension‬
‭(Hooke’s Law).‬

‭Apparatus:‬

‭●‬ ‭Spring‬
‭●‬ ‭Retort stand with clamp‬
‭●‬ ‭Weights (known masses)‬
‭●‬ ‭Meter ruler‬
‭●‬ ‭Hooke’s Law apparatus (optional)‬

‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Suspend a spring from a fixed stand.‬


‭2.‬ ‭Measure its original length without any load.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Add a known weight and measure the new length.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Repeat for multiple weights and record the extensions.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Plot a graph of force vs. extension.‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭The graph should be a straight line through the origin, indicating that extension is‬
‭proportional to force (Hooke’s Law: F = kx).‬
‭●‬ ‭The gradient of the line gives the spring constant (k).‬

‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭Hooke’s Law states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force‬
‭applied, up to the elastic limit.‬

‭2. Pendulum Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To determine the effect of string length on the period of a simple pendulum.‬
‭Apparatus:‬

‭●‬ ‭String‬
‭●‬ ‭Pendulum bob‬
‭●‬ ‭Stopwatch‬
‭●‬ ‭Clamp stand‬
‭●‬ ‭Ruler‬

‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Attach the pendulum bob to a string and suspend it from a stand.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Displace the pendulum slightly and release it.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Measure the time taken for 10 complete oscillations using a stopwatch.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Repeat with different string lengths.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Calculate the period (T) using T = total time / number of oscillations.‬
‭6.‬ ‭Plot a graph of T² vs. string length (L).‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭The period increases with the length of the string.‬


‭●‬ ‭The relationship follows the formula: T = 2π√(L/g).‬

‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭The period of a pendulum depends only on the length of the string and gravity, not on‬
‭the mass of the bob.‬

‭3. Centre of Gravity Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To determine the centre of gravity of an irregularly shaped object.‬

‭Apparatus:‬

‭●‬ ‭Cardboard sheet (irregular shape)‬


‭●‬ ‭Plumb line‬
‭●‬ ‭Pin‬
‭●‬ ‭Clamp stand‬
‭●‬ ‭Pencil‬
‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Cut an irregular shape from cardboard.‬


‭2.‬ ‭Suspend the shape from a pin through one hole.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Hang a plumb line from the same pin and mark the vertical line.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Repeat from at least two more suspension points.‬
‭5.‬ ‭The intersection of the lines is the centre of gravity.‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭The centre of gravity is the point where the object balances evenly in all directions.‬

‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭The centre of gravity is the point at which the entire weight of an object acts.‬

‭4. Ticker Tape Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To measure velocity and acceleration using a ticker tape timer.‬

‭Apparatus:‬

‭●‬ ‭Ticker timer‬


‭●‬ ‭Ticker tape‬
‭●‬ ‭Power supply‬
‭●‬ ‭Moving trolley‬

‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Attach a ticker tape to a trolley and pass it through the ticker timer.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Turn on the ticker timer and release the trolley.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Analyze the spacing of dots on the tape.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Measure distances between dots to calculate speed and acceleration.‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭Evenly spaced dots indicate constant speed.‬


‭●‬ ‭Increasing distance between dots indicates acceleration.‬
‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭The time interval between dots is constant, allowing calculation of velocity and‬
‭acceleration.‬

‭5. Irregular Shape Density Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To determine the density of an irregular solid.‬

‭Apparatus:‬

‭●‬ ‭Irregular solid object‬


‭●‬ ‭Measuring cylinder‬
‭●‬ ‭Water‬
‭●‬ ‭Balance‬

‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Measure the mass of the object using a balance.‬


‭2.‬ ‭Fill a measuring cylinder with water and note the initial volume.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Submerge the object and record the new volume.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Calculate volume displaced (final - initial volume).‬
‭5.‬ ‭Use the formula: Density = Mass / Volume.‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭The density of the object can be determined accurately using the displacement method.‬

‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭The volume of an irregular object is measured using water displacement.‬

‭6. Beam Balance Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To measure mass using a beam balance.‬

‭Apparatus:‬
‭●‬ ‭Beam balance‬
‭●‬ ‭Standard masses‬
‭●‬ ‭Object to be measured‬

‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Place the object on one side of the balance.‬


‭2.‬ ‭Add standard masses to the other side until balance is achieved.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Record the total mass used.‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭The beam should balance when equal masses are placed on both sides.‬

‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭A beam balance compares an unknown mass with known standard masses.‬

‭7. Heat Capacity Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To determine the specific heat capacity of a substance.‬

‭Apparatus:‬

‭●‬ ‭Metal block‬


‭●‬ ‭Heater‬
‭●‬ ‭Thermometer‬
‭●‬ ‭Power supply‬
‭●‬ ‭Stopwatch‬
‭●‬ ‭Water (for comparison)‬

‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Measure the mass of the substance.‬


‭2.‬ ‭Insert a thermometer and heater into the substance.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Heat for a set time, recording temperature changes.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Use the formula: Q=mcΔTQ = mc\Delta T, where:‬
‭○‬ ‭Q = heat supplied (J)‬
‭○‬ ‭m = mass (kg)‬
‭○‬ ‭c = specific heat capacity (J/kg°C)‬
‭○‬ ‭ΔT = temperature change (°C)‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭The heat capacity can be calculated from the formula above.‬

‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭Different materials have different heat capacities, affecting how quickly they heat up.‬

‭8. Temperature Calibration Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To calibrate a thermometer using known fixed points.‬

‭Apparatus:‬

‭●‬ ‭Unmarked thermometer‬


‭●‬ ‭Ice-water mixture‬
‭●‬ ‭Boiling water‬
‭●‬ ‭Beaker‬

‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Place the thermometer in ice-water and mark the 0°C level.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Place the thermometer in boiling water and mark the 100°C level.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Divide the scale into equal parts.‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭The thermometer should now have an accurate temperature scale.‬

‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭Thermometers are calibrated using fixed reference points.‬


‭9. ATP (Energy Transfer) Experiment‬

‭Aim:‬‭To demonstrate the role of ATP in energy transfer (biology connection).‬

‭Apparatus:‬

‭●‬ ‭Muscle tissue extract (or ATP solution)‬


‭●‬ ‭Reaction substrate‬

‭Method:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Observe the reaction rate with and without ATP.‬


‭2.‬ ‭Compare energy output.‬

‭Expected Results:‬

‭●‬ ‭ATP facilitates energy-requiring processes in cells.‬

‭Key Concept:‬

‭●‬ ‭ATP is the energy currency of cells, providing energy for biological processes.‬

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