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Unit 8 Design Solutions
III. SOLUTIONS TO DESIGN, SIMULATION,
AND LAB EXERCISES
Solutions to Unit 8 Design Problems

Problems 8.A through 8.S are combinational logic design problems using NAND and NOR gates.
Problems 8.A through 8.R are of approximately equal difficulty so that different students in the
class can be assigned different problems. We ask our students to use the following procedure:
(1) Derive a truth table for the assigned problem.
(2) Use Karnaugh maps to derive logic equations in sum-of-products or product-of-sums form
depending on whether NAND gates or NOR gates are required.
(3) Enter the truth table into LogicAid, derive the logic equations, and check the answers
against the results of step (2).
(4) Draw a circuit of AND and OR gates, trying to minimize the number of gates required by
using common gates where appropriate. Factoring or multiplying out is required in some
cases.
(5) Convert to NAND or NOR gates as specified.
(6) Simulate your answer to (5) using SimUaid, and verify that the circuit works correctly.
Use switches as inputs and probes or a 7-segment indicator as outputs.

In Unit 10, we ask our students to implement the same design problem using VHDL, synthesize it
and download it to a CPLD or FPGA on a hardware board that has switches, LEDs, and 7-segment
indicators.

For each design problem, the solutions that follow show a SimUaid circuit that meets the problem
specifications, but the solution does not necessarily use the minimum number of gates. Each solution
shows the truth table and the equations derived using LogicAid, and in several cases the Karnaugh
maps are shown to help identify common terms.

8.A ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = B'D' + B D + A + C D = B'D' + BC'D + A + CD (used in circuit)

X1 = B'D' + B D + A + B'C
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
X2 = B' + C'D' + C D
0001 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X3 = C' + D + B
0010 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X4 = B'D' + B'C + B C'D + C D'
0011 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X5 = B'D' + C D'
0100 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 X6 = C'D' + B C' + B D' + A
0101 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 X7 = B'C + B C' + A + C D' (used in circuit)
0110 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 X7 = B'C + B C' + A + B D'
0111 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 This solution uses 15 gates and 41 gate inputs.
1001 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
Students are allowed to use a maximum of 18 gates.

263
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.A X1 X2 X3
(cont.) A B A B A B
C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10
00 1 X 1 00 1 1 X 1 00 1 1 X 1

01 1 X 1 01 1 X 1 01 1 1 X 1

11 1 1 X X 11 1 1 X X 11 1 1 X X

10 1 X X 10 1 X X 10 1 X X

X1 = B'D' + B C'D + A + C D X 2 = B' + C'D' + C D X3 = C' + D + B

X4 X5 X6
A B A B A B
C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10
00 1 X 1 00 1 X 1 00 1 1 X 1

01 1 X 01 X 01 1 X 1

11 1 X X 11 X X 11 X X

10 1 1 X X 10 1 1 X X 10 1 X X

X 4 = B'D' + B'C + B C'D + C D' X5 = B'D' + C D' X6 = C'D' + B C' + B D' + A

X7
A B
C D 00 01 11 10
00 1 X 1

01 1 X 1

11 1 X X

10 1 1 X X

X7 = B'C + B C' + A + B D' C

D

X1
B'
D'
1 A
0
0 B
C'
A' D

1 B
0 B
0 X2
C'
B' D'

1
B' 2
X3
1 C 3
0 C D' 4
0
5
6
C' 7

C
1 D' X4
0
0 D

D' B'
C

X5

B
C'
X6

B
D'

X7

264
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.B ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = B' + C'D + C D' + A
X2 = C+B
0000 X X X X X X X
X3 = D' + C + A (used in circuit)
0001 X X X X X X X X3 = D' + C + B'
0010 X X X X X X X X4 = C'D + B'D + B C D' + A C' (used in circuit)
0011 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X4 = C'D + A'C D' + B'D + A C'
0100 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X5 = C'D + B'D
0101 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X6 = C D + A C'
0110 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X7 = A D + B C + C'D + A C' (used in circuit)
0111 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 X7 = A D + B C + A C' + B D
1000 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1001 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 This solution uses 15 gates and 38 gate inputs.
1010 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1011 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 16 gates.
1100 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

B X1
C'
D

C
D'
1
0 A
0 B' X2
C'
A'

C' X3
1
0 B D
0

1
B' 2
C'
3
X4
4
B 5
1 C C
1 6
0 D' 7

C'
X5
B'
D
1 D
1
0
X6
C
D' D

X7
D

B
C

265
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.C ABCDE W X Y Z W = A(C + D) (B + C) (C + E) = A(C + BDE) (used in circuit)
W = A(C + D) (B + C) (D' + E)
00000 0 0 0 0
W = A(C + D) (C + E) (B + D')
00001 0 0 0 0 W = A(C + D) (B + D') (D' + E)
00010 0 0 0 0 X = (C + D) (B' + C + E') (A + C) (B + C') =
00011 0 0 0 0 (B + C') (C + AD(B' + E')) (used in circuit)
00100 0 0 0 0 X = (C + D) (B' + C + E') (B + C') (A + D')
00101 0 0 0 0 X = (C + D) (B + C') (A + D') (B' + D' + E')
00110 X X X X X = (C + D) (B' + C + E') (B + D) (A + D')
00111 X X X X X = (C + D) (B + D) (A + D') (B' + D' + E')
01000 0 0 0 0 X = (C + D) (A + C) (B + C') (B' + D' + E')
01001 0 0 0 1 X = (C + D) (B' + C + E') (A + C) (B + D)
01010 0 0 1 0 X = (C + D) (A + C) (B + D) (B' + D' + E')
01011 0 0 1 1 Y = (A + B) (A + D) (B + E) (D + E) (A' + B' + D' + E') = (A + BD) (E + BD)
(A' + B' + D' + E') = (AE + BD)(A' + B' + D' + E')
01100 0 1 0 0
Z = BE
01101 0 1 0 1
01110 X X X X This solution uses 14 gates and 32 gate inputs.
01111 X X X X
10000 0 0 0 0 Student are allowed to use a maximum of 15 gates.
10001 0 0 1 0
10010 0 1 0 0
10011 0 1 1 0
B'
10100 1 0 0 0 D'
W
E'
10101 1 0 1 0 1
0 A 0
0 C
10110 X X X X
10111 X X X X A' B'
11000 0 0 0 0 E'
11001 0 0 1 1
1 B D' X
11010 0 1 1 0 0
0
C
0
11011 1 0 0 1
11100 1 1 0 0 B'
B
11101 1 1 1 1 C'
1 C
0
0
E'

C' Y
B' 0
D'
1 D
0
0
B'
D'
D' E'
Z
0
1 B'
0 E
0 E'

E'

266
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.D ABCDE W X Y Z W = AC+ABDE
X = B C + A B'D + A D E'
00000 0 0 0 0
Y = A'B D + A B'E + A D'E + B D E'
00001 0 0 0 0 Z = BE
00010 0 0 0 0 This solution uses 14 gates and 38 gate inputs.
00011 0 0 0 0 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 14 gates.
00100 0 0 0 0
00101 0 0 0 0 W X
B C B C
00110 X X X X D E 00 01 11 10 D E 00 01 11 10
00111 X X X X 00
1 1
00
1
01000 0 0 0 0 1

01001 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
A 01 A 01
01010 0 0 1 0 1 1
1

01011 0 0 1 1 0
11
X X 1 0
11
1 X X
X X X X
01100 0 1 0 0
X X 1 X X 1
01101 0 1 0 1 10 10
X X X X
01110 X X X X
01111 X X X X W = AC+ABDE X = B C + A B'D + A D E'
10000 0 0 0 0 Y Z
B C B C
10001 0 0 1 0 D E 00 01 11 10 D E 00 01 11 10
10010 0 1 0 0 00
00
10011 0 1 1 0
10100 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
A 01 A 01
10101 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1
0 X X 1
10110 X X X X 0
11
1 X X
11
X X 1
10111 X X X X X X 1
X X 1 X X
11000 0 0 0 0 10 10
X X 1 X X
11001 0 0 1 1
11010 0 1 1 0 Y = A'B D + A B'E + A D'E + B D E' Z = BE

11011 1 0 0 1 1
0
0 A W
0
11100 1 1 0 0 A'
C

11101 1 1 1 1
B
D
E
1 B
0
0

B
C X
B'
0
B'
1 D
0
0 C

D
C' E'

1 D
0
0
B'
E

D' Y
D' 0
E

1
0
0 E B
D

B
E' D
E'

Z
0
B
E

267
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.E ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = A B + A'C + B'D +
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 C'D' (used in circuit)
0001 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X1 = A C' + B C + B'D + A'D'
0010 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X1 = A D + B C + C'D' + A'B'
0011 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X1 = A C' + B D' + C D + A'B'
0100 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X1 = A B + C D + A'D' + B'C'
0101 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X1 = A D + B D' + A'C + B'C'
0110 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X2 = A' + C' + B'D' + B D
0111 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X3 = A C + B D + C'D' +
1000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 A'B' (used in circuit)
1001 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X3 = A B + B'C + A'D + C'D'
1010 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 X3 = A B + C D + A'C' + B'D'
1011 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 X3 = A D' + B D + B'C + A'C'
1100 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X3 = A D' + B C' + C D + A'B'
1101 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X3 = A C + B C' + A'D + B'D'
1110 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 X4 = A B + A'C + B'D +
1111 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 C'D' (used in circuit)
X4 = X1
X5 = B'D + B D' + C'D' +
A'B' (used in circuit)
X5 = B'D + B D' + C'D' + A'D'
X5 = B'D + B D' + A'D' + B'C'
C
X5 = B'D + B D' + A'B' + B'C'
X6 = A'B' + C'D' + A C
B'
D
X1 X7 = B C + A D + A C
C'
1
0
0 A
D'
This solution uses 17 gates and 44 gate
inputs.
A' B
Students are allowed to use a maximum of
1
18 gates.
0
0 B
B' C X2
D'
B'
B
D
1
0 0 C
1
B' 2
X3
3
C' 4
C 5
6
7

1
0 D X4
0

D'

X5
B
D'

X6

D X7

B
C

268
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.F ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = A + B'C + B'D' (used in circuit)
X1 = A + B'C + C'D'
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
X1 = A + B'D' + C D
0001 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X2 = A' + C' + D
0010 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X3 = C' + D' + A
0011 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X4 = A C' + B'D' + A B + A'C D (used in circuit)
0100 X X X X X X X X4 = A C' + A'B'C + A D' + C'D'
0101 X X X X X X X X4 = A C' + A'B'C + B'D' + A D'
0110 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 X4 = A C' + A'B'C + B'D' + A B
0111 X X X X X X X X4 = A C' + B'D' + A D' + A'C D
1000 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 X5 = A'C'D' + A'C D + A C'D + A B'C D'
1001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X6 = C'D' + B + A C' + A D'
1010 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 X7 = A'C + A C' + A D' (used in circuit)
1011 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 X7 = A'C + A C' + C D'
1100 X X X X X X X
This solution uses 18 gates and 51 gate inputs.
1101 X X X X X X X
1110 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 20 gates.
1111 X X X X X X X

B' X1
D'
1 A
0
0 B'
C

A' X2
C
D'

C X3
1 D
0
0 B
C
D

B' X4
B
1
2
C' 3
4
1 C 5
0
0 6
C' 7
C' D'
X5
C'
D

1 B'
0 D
0 C
D'
D'
B'
C'
X6
D'

C'

X7
D'

269
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.G K N3 N2 N1 N0 M3 M2 M1 M0 M3 = N2 N1 N0 + N3 + K N2 N1 = N3 + N2 N1(K + N0)
M2 = N2 N1' + K'N2 N0' + N2'N1 N0 + K N2' N1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
= N2 N1' + K' N2 N0' + N2' N1(K + N0)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 M1 = K'N1 N0' + K N1' + N1'N0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 = K' N1 N0' + N1'(K + N0)
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 M0 = K' N0' + K N0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 This solution uses 13 gates and 31 gate inputs.
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 13 gates.
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
M3
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 K
N2 N3'
0 N0'
0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 N1

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 K'

0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 N2'
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 N3
N1 M2
0
0
0 1 1 1 1 X X X X N2
N1'
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 N3'

1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
N2
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 N2
N0'

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 N2' M1
0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 N1'

1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
1 N1 N1
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
0
N0'

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 N1'
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
M0
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 N0' 1

1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
0 N0
0
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 N0
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 N0'

1 1 1 1 0 X X X X
1 1 1 1 1 X X X X

8.H ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = A'C' + D + B + A C

X2 = A' + B'C' + B C
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
X3 = B' + C + A
0001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X4 = X5 + D + A'B + A B'C
0010 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X5 = A'C' + B C'
0011 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 X6 = B'C' + D + A B' + A C'
0100 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X7 = D + A'B + A B' + B C' (used in circuit)
0101 X X X X X X X X7 = D + A'B + A B' + A C'
0110 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
0111 X X X X X X X This solution uses 17 gates and 45 gate inputs.
1000 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1001 X X X X X X X Students are allowed to use a maximum of 20 gates.
1010 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1011 X X X X X X X
1100 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1101 X X X X X X X
1110 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1111 X X X X X X X

270
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.H
C'
(cont.) B'
D'
X1

1 C
0 A
0

A' B'
C'
X2

B
C
1
0 B
0

B X3
B'
C'

B' 1
C 2
1 C
0 3
0 X5 X4
4
D' 5
C' B 6
7

1
X5
0 D B
0 C'

D'

B' X6
D'
C'

X7

D'

8.I ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 1
0
0 A
B' C X1
D'
0000 X X X X X X X A'
B
0001 X X X X X X X D

0010 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 B
B'
C
0
0011 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

C' X2
B'
0100 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 D

0101 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 B
D'
0110 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
B
C' X3
C
0111 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 D'
0
1

1000 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 C'
X4
2
3
4
1001 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 5
6

1010 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 D
7

0
1011 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 D' X5
C'
D'

X1 = B'D' + C' + B D + A
X2 = B'C + C'D + B D' (used in circuit) B X6
C
X2 = B'C + A'D' + C'D
X2 = B'D + C D' + B C'
X2 = B'D + A'C' + C D' C
X7

X3 = D + C + B' (used in circuit) B'

X3 = D+C+A
X4 = B'D' + B D + A C + C'D' (used in circuit)
X4 = B'D' + B D + A C + B C'
X4 = B'D' + B D + A C + A'C'
X5 = B'D' + C'D'
X6 = B C + A C + B'D'
X7 = B + A C + C'D' (used in circuit) This solution uses 15 gates and 38 gate inputs.
X7 = B + A C + A D' Students are allowed to use a maximum of 17 gates.

271
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.J ABCDE W X Y Z W = (A + B + C) (C + D) (B' + C + E) (used in circuit)
W = (A + B + C) (C + D) (A + C + E)
00000 0 0 0 0
X = (A + B + D) (B' + C + E') (A' + C + E) (B' + C + D) (used in circuit)
00001 0 0 1 0
X = (A + B + D) (B' + C + E') (A' + C + E) (C + D + E)
00010 0 1 0 0 X = (A + B + D) (B' + C + E') (A' + C + E) (A + C + D)
00011 0 1 1 0 Y = (A + B + E) (B' + C + D' + E') (A' + C + D) (A + D + E) (used in circuit)
00100 1 0 0 0 Y = (A + B + E) (B' + C + D' + E') (A' + C + D) (B' + D + E)
00101 1 0 1 0 Z = (A + B) (C + E) (A + D + E) (used in circuit)
00110 1 1 0 0 Z = (A + B) (C + E) (B' + D + E)
00111 1 1 1 0
01000 0 0 0 0 This solution uses 17 gates and 51 gate inputs.
01001 0 0 1 1
01010 0 1 1 0 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 19 gates.
01011 1 0 0 1
01100 1 1 0 0 B
01101 1 1 1 1 C W
1
01110 1 1 1 1 0
0 A 0
01111 1 1 1 1 B'
C
10000 0 0 0 0 A' E
10001 0 1 0 1
10010 1 0 1 0 C
10011 1 1 1 1 D
1 B
10100 1 1 1 1 0
0

10101 1 1 1 1
10110 1 1 1 1 B'
C
10111 1 1 1 1 E
X
1 B 0
0 C
0 D
B'
C' C
D
B'
C
1 D E'
0
0

D' B'
C
D'
E'
Y
1 C 0
0 E
0 D

E' B
E

D
E
Z
0

C
E

272
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.K ABCDE W X Y Z W =AB
X = B C + A B'
00000 0 0 0 0
Y = B'C D + A'B C' + A B'D + A C
00001 0 0 0 0
Z = A'C'D E + B D E + A'B'C D' + A B'C'D' + A'B C'D + A'B C'E + A C D + A C E
00010 0 0 0 0 = DE(B + A'C') + B'D'(A'C + AC') + A'BC'(D + E) + AC(D + E)
00011 0 0 0 1 = DE(B + A'C') + B'D'(A + C)(A' + C') + A'BC' (D + E) + AC(D + E)
00100 0 0 0 1
00101 0 0 0 1 This solution uses 19 gates and 47 gate inputs.
00110 0 0 1 0
00111 0 0 1 0 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 22 gates.
01000 0 0 1 0
01001 0 0 1 1
01010 0 0 1 1 W
0
01011 0 0 1 1
B
01100 0 1 0 0
01101 0 1 0 0 1
0 A X
0
01110 0 1 0 0 B'
0
A'
01111 0 1 0 1 B
10000 0 1 0 1 1
0 B
C
0
10001 0 1 0 1
B'
10010 0 1 1 0 C

10011 0 1 1 0 1 B
Y
0
0 C
10100 0 1 1 0 0 C'

10101 0 1 1 1 C' B'

D
10110 0 1 1 1 B'
C
10111 0 1 1 1 1
0
0 D
D

11000 1 0 0 0 D'
11001 1 0 0 0
Z
11010 1 0 0 0 D' C 0

11011 1 0 0 1 1
0
0 E E'

E'
C
B'
D'
C'

D
E
B'

8.L ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = (A + B' + C + D) (B' + C' + D')

X2 = (B + C) (A + B + D)
0000 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
X3 = (A + B + D) (A + C + D')
0001 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 X4 = (A + B' + C + D) (B' + C' + D') (A' + C' + D)
0010 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 X5 = (B' + D) (B' + C') (A' + D) = (B' + D) (B' + C' + D') (A' + D)
0011 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X6 = (A' + C' + D) (A + B' + D) (A + B' + C) (used in circuit)
0100 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X6 = (A' + C' + D) (A + B' + C) (B' + C' + D)
0101 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X6 = (A' + C' + D) (A + B' + D) (B' + C + D')
0110 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X7 = (A + B + C' + D') (A + B' + C + D) (A' + C' + D)
0111 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1000 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 This solution uses 18 gates and 50 gate inputs.
1001 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1010 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 18 gates.
1011 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1100 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

273
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Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.L A B A B A B
(cont.) C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10
00 0 00 0 0 00 0

01 X 01 0 X 0 01 0 0 X

11 0 X 11 X 11 X

10 X 10 0 X 10 0 X

X1 = (A + B'+ C + D) (B'+ C'+ D') X2 = (B + C) (A + B + D) X3 = (A + B + D) (A + C + D')

A B A B A B
C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10
00 0 00 0 0 0 00 0

01 X 01 X 01 0 X

11 0 X 11 0 X 11 X

10 X 0 10 0 X 0 10 0 X 0

X4 = (A'+ C'+ D) (B'+ C'+ D') (A + B'+ C + D) X5 = (B' + D) (B' + C' + D') (A' + D) X6 = (A'+ C'+ D) (A + B'+ C) (A + B'+ D)

A B
C D 00 01 11 10
00 0

01 X

11 0 X B'
C
D
10 X 0 X1
B'
1 A C'
0
0
X7 = (A'+ C'+ D) (A + B'+ C + D) (A + B + C'+ D') D'
A'
B
C
X2

B
D
1 B
0
0
X3
B'
C
D' 1
2
X4 3
4
C' 5
D 6
1 7
0 C
0

C' D

B' X5
C'

B'
1 D D
0
0

D'
B'
D X6

B'
C

X7
B
C'
D'

274
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Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.M WXYZ X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = W'(X + Z) (Y + Z)
X2 = (X' + Y + Z') (W' + Z') (W + Y' + Z ) (W + X + Y') (used in circuit)
0000 X X X X X X X
X2 = (X' + Y + Z') (W' + Z') (W + X + Y') (X' + Y' + Z)
0001 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 X2 = (X' + Y + Z') (W' + Z') (W + Y' + Z) (X + Y' + Z')
0010 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 X3 = (X + Y' + Z') (X' + Y + Z') (X' + Y' + Z) (W' + Z')
0011 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 X4 = (X + Y) (X' + Y' + Z)
0100 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 X5 = (X' + Y' + Z')
0101 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 X6 = (W' + Y') (W + Y + Z) (used in circuit)
0110 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 X6 = (W' + Y') (X' + Y + Z)
0111 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 X7 = (X + Y' + Z') (W' + Z') (W' + Y')
1000 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
1001 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 This solution uses 19 gates and 50 gate inputs.
1010 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
Students are allowed to use a maximum of 22 gates.

X
Z

Y
Z
X1
1
0 W
0

W' X
Y'

Y'
1
0 X Z X2
0
X'
X' Y
Z'

Z'
1
0 Y
0 X'
Y
Y' Z'
X' X3
Y'
Z
X
1
1 Z Y' 1
0
Z' 2
Z' X4 3
X 4
Y 5
6
7

X'
Y' X5
Z'

Y'

X6
Y
Z

X7

275
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Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.N ABCDE X Y Z X = A'BC(D + E) (D' + E')
Y = ABE(C + D) (C' + D')
00000 0 0 0
Z = (A + B) (A + C' + D' + E) (A' + B' + C + D' + E') (B' + C' + D + E')
00001 0 0 0
= (A + B) (A + C' + D' + E) [B' + E'+ (A' + C + D') (C' + D)]
00010 0 0 0
00011 0 0 0 This solution uses 17 gates and 41 gate inputs.
00100 0 0 0
00101 0 0 0 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 19 gates.
00110 0 0 0
00111 0 0 0
1 A
01000 0 0 1 0
0
B'
01001 0 0 1 A' C' X
0
01010 0 0 1
D
01011 0 0 1 1
E
B
01100 0 0 1 0
0

01101 1 0 0 B' D'

E'
01110 1 0 0
01111 0 0 1 1
0 C
0 B' Y
10000 0 0 1 E'
0
C'
10001 0 0 1 C
10010 0 0 1 D
1
10011 0 0 1 0
0 D
C'
10100 0 0 1 D' D'

10101 0 0 1
10110 0 0 1 1 E
10111 0 0 1 0
0 B Z
11000 0 0 1 E' 0
C'
11001 0 0 1 D'
E
11010 0 0 1 C'
B'
11011 0 1 0 D
E'
11100 0 0 1
C
11101 0 1 0 D'
11110 0 0 1
11111 0 0 1

8.O ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = (A + B + C + D') (B' + D) = (A + B + C + D') (B' + C' + D) (B' + C + D)

X2 = (B' + C + D') (B' + C' + D)
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
X3 = (B + C' + D)
0001 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X4 = (B + C + D') (B' + C + D) (B' + C' + D')
0010 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X5 = D' (B' + C) = D' (B' + C + D)
0011 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X6 = (A + B + D') (B + C') (C' + D')
0100 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 X7 = (A + B + C) (B' + C' + D')
0101 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
0110 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 This solution uses 18 gates and 48 gate inputs.
0111 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 19 gates.
1001 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

276
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Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.O AB AB AB AB
CD 00 01 11 10
(cont.) CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10
00 0 X 00 X 00 X 00 0 X
01 0 X 01 0 X 01 X 01 0 X 0
11 X X 11 X X 11 X X 11 0 X X
10 0 X X
10 0 X X 10 0 X X 10 X X
X1 = (A + B + C + D)(B'+ C + D)(B'+ C' + D)
X2 = (B'+ C + D')(B'+ C'+ D) X3 = (B + C'+ D ) X4 = (B'+ C'+ D')(B'+ C + D)(B + C + D')

AB AB AB
CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10
00 0 X 00 X 00 0 X

01 0 0 X 0 01 0 X 01 0 X

11 0 0 X X 11 0 0 X X 11 0 X X

10 X X 10 0 X X 10 X X

X5 = (D')(B'+ C + D) X 6 = (C'+ D')(B + C')(A + B + D') X7 = (B'+ C'+ D')(A + B + C)

To save one gate, use:

X6 = (B' + C' + D')(B + C')(A + B + D')

1 A
0
0
B
C
A' D'
B'
C' X1
1 B D
0
0
B'
B' C
D

1 C B'
0
0 X2
C
C' D'

1
0
D B X3
0 C'
D
D'

1
B 2
C
3
D' X4
4
B' 5
C' 6
D' 7

X5
D

B
D'

B X6
C'

C'
D'

X7
B
C

277
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Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.P ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = (A + C + D') (A + B')
X2 = (A' + C' + D)
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
X3 = (A + C' + D')
0001 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X4 = (A + C + D') (A + B') (A' + C' + D')
0010 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X5 = B'(A + C + D') (A + C' + D) (A' + C + D) (A' + C' + D')
0011 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 = B' (A + (C + D') (C' + D)) (A' + C + D) (A' + C' + D')
0100 X X X X X X X X6 = (A + D') (A + B + C') (C' + D')
0101 X X X X X X X X7 = (A + C) (A' + C' + D')
0110 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0111 X X X X X X X This solution uses 21 gates and 50 gate inputs.
1000 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
1001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 21 gates.
1010 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
0 A

1011 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 A'
B'

X1
1100 X X X X X X X
C
1101 X X X X X X X 1
D'
B
1110 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
0
0
X2
C'
B'
1111 X X X X X X X D

1 C
0 X3
0 C'
D'
C'
1
2
3
X4 4
1 D C' 5
0
0 D' 6
7
D'
C'
D
X5
C
B
D'

C
D

D'
C' X6
D'

B
C'

X7
C

8.Q ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = (A + B + C' + D) (A' + B + C)

X2 = (A' + B + C') (A' + B' + C)
0000 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
X3 = (A + B' + C)
0001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X4 = (A + B + C' + D) (A' + B + C) (A' + B' + C')
0010 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X5 = C'(A' + B) = C'(A' + B + C)
0011 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 X6 = (A + C' + D) (A + B' + C) (A' + B' + C')
0100 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X7 = (A + B + D) (A' + B' + C')
0101 X X X X X X X
0110 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 This solution uses 15 gates and 40 gate inputs.
0111 X X X X X X X
1000 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Students are allowed to use a maximum of 17 gates.
1001 X X X X X X X
1010 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1011 X X X X X X X
1100 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1101 X X X X X X X
1110 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1111 X X X X X X X

278
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Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.Q X1 X2 X3 X4
A B
(cont.) C D
A B
00 01 11 10 C D
A B
00 01 11 10 C D
A B
00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10
00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0

01 X X X 01 X X X 01 X X X 01 X X X

11 X X X 11 X X X 11 X X X 11 X X X

10 0 10 0 10 10 0 0

X 1 = (A'+ B + C ) (A + B + C'+ D ) X 2 = (A'+ B'+ C ) (A'+ B + C') X3 = (A + B'+ C ) X4 = (A'+ B'+ C') (A'+ B + C ) (A + B + C'+ D )

X5 X7
A B A B A B
C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10 C D 00 01 11 10
00 0 00 0 00 0

01 X X X 01 X X X 01 X X X

11 0 X X X 11 X X X 11 X X X

10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 0

X5 = (C') (A'+ B + C ) X 6 = (A + B'+ C ) (A'+ B'+ C') (A + C'+ D ) X7 = (A'+ B'+ C') (A + B + D )

1
0 A
0

A'
B X1
C
1 B
0
0 B
C'
D
B'
B
1 C C' X2
0
0
B'
C' C

B' X3
1
0 D C
0 1
2
3
X4
D' 4
B' 5
C' 6
7

X5
C

C'
D

X6
B'

B'
C'

X7
B
D

279
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Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.R ABCD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = (A + B + D') (B' + C' + D)
X2 = (B' + C' + D') (B + C + D) (used in circuit)
0000 X X X X X X X
X2 = (B' + C' + D') (A' + C + D)
0001 X X X X X X X X3 = (B' + C + D) (used in circuit)
0010 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X3 = (A + C + D)
0011 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X4 = (A + B + D') (B' + C' + D) (B + C + D') (used in circuit)
0100 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 X4 = (A + B + D') (B' + C' + D) (A' + C + D')
0101 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 X5 = (D') (B' + C') = D'(B' + C' + D)
0110 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 X6 = (B + C + D') (A + B + D') (A + C) (used in circuit)
0111 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 X6 = (A + B + D') (C + D') (A + C)
1000 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 X6 = (A + B + D') (C + D') (B' + C)
1001 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 X7 = (A + B) (B + C + D') (used in circuit)
1010 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X7 = (A + B) (A' + C + D')
1011 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
This solution uses 15 gates and 37 gate inputs.
Students are allowed to use a maximum of 16 gates.

AB AB AB AB
CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10
00 X X 00 X X 0 00 X 0 X 00 X X

01 X X 01 X X 01 X X 01 X X 0

11 0 X 11 0 X 11 X 11 0 X

10 0 X 10 X 10 X 10 0 X

X1 = (B'+ C'+ D ) (A + B + D') X2 = (B'+ C'+ D') (B + C + D) X4 = (B'+ C'+ D ) (A + B + D') (B + C + D')
X3 = (B'+ C + D )

AB AB AB
CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10
00 X X 00 X 0 X 00 X X

01 X 0 X 0 01 X 0 X 0 01 X X 0

11 0 0 X 0 11 0 X 11 0 X

10 0 X 10 0 X
10 X

X5 = (D') (B'+ C' + D) X7 = (A + B ) (B + C + D')

X 6 = (B + C + D')(A + B + D')(A + C)

1 A
0
0
B
A' D'
X1
B'
C'
D

1 B'
0 B C'
0
D' X2
B' B
C
D
1 C
1
0 B'
C X3
C' D
1
2
1 3
0 D B X4 4
0
C 5
D' 6
D' 7
X5
D

C X6
D'

X7
B

280
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Unit 8 Design Solutions
8.S A1A2 A3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X1 = (A1 + A2 + A3) (A1' + A3')
X2 = (A2 + A3') (A1' + A3')
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
X3 = 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 X4 = 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 X5 = 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 X6 = (A2' + A3') (A1' + A3')
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 X7 = (A1 + A2' + A3) (A1' + A3')
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 This solution uses 9 gates and 20 gate inputs.
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Students are allowed to use a maximum of 11 gates.

1
0 A1
0

A1'
A3'
X1
A2
A3
1 A2
0
0
X2
A2'
A2 1
A3' 2
3
4
5
1 6
0 A3 X6
0 7
A2'
A3' A3'

X7

A2'
A3

281
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Unit 8 Design Solutions

282
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Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
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