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Chapter: Chapter 7

Learning Objectives

LO 7.1.0 Solve problems related to kinetic energy

LO 7.1.1 Apply the relationship between a particle’s kinetic energy, mass, and speed.
LO 7.1.2 Identify that kinetic energy is a scalar quantity.

LO 7.2.0 Solve problems related to work and kinetic energy

LO 7.2.1 Apply the relationship between a force (magnitude and direction) and the work done on
a particle by the force when the particle undergoes a displacement.
LO 7.2.2 Calculate work by taking a dot product of the force vector and the displacement vector,
in either magnitude-angle or unit-vector notations.
LO 7.2.3 If multiple forces act on a particle, calculate the net work done by them.
LO 7.2.4 Apply the work–kinetic energy theorem to relate the work done by a force and the
resulting change in kinetic energy.

LO 7.3.0 Solve problems related to work done by the gravitational force

LO 7.3.1 Calculate the work done by the gravitational force when an object is lifted or lowered.
LO 7.3.2 Apply the work–kinetic energy theorem to situations where an object is lifted or
lowered.

LO 7.4.0 Solve problems related to work done by a spring force

LO 7.4.1 Apply the relationship (Hooke’s law) between the force on an object by a spring, the
stretch or compression of the spring, and the spring constant of the spring.
LO 7.4.2 Identify that a spring force is a variable force.
LO 7.4.3 Calculate the work done on an object by a spring force by integrating the force from the
initial position to the final position of the object or by using the known generic result of that
integration.
LO 7.4.4 Calculate the work by graphically integrating on a graph of force versus position of the
object.
LO 7.4.5 Apply the work–kinetic energy theorem to situations in which an object is moved by a
spring force.

LO 7.5.0 Solve problems related to work done by a general variable force

LO 7.5.1 Given a variable force as a function of position, calculate the work done by it on an
object by integrating the function from the initial to the final position of the object, in one or
more dimensions.
LO 7.5.2 Given a graph of force versus position, calculate the work done by graphically
integrating from the initial to the final position of the object.
LO 7.5.3 Convert a graph of acceleration versus position to a graph of force versus position.
LO 7.5.4 Apply the work–kinetic energy theorem to situations where an object is moved by a
variable force.
LO 7.6.0 Solve problems related to power
LO 7.6.1 Apply the relationship between average power, the work done by a force, and the time
interval in which that work is done.
LO 7.6.2 Given the work as a function of time, find the instantaneous power.
LO 7.6.3 Determine the instantaneous power by taking the dot product of the force vector and an
object’s velocity vector, in magnitude-angle and unit-vector notations.

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following bodies has the largest kinetic energy?

A) Mass 3M and speed V
B) Mass 3M and speed 2V
C) Mass 2M and speed 3V
D) Mass M and speed 4V
E) All four of the above have the same kinetic energy

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

2. Two trailers, X with mass 500 kg and Y with mass 2000 kg, are being pulled at the same
speed. The ratio of the kinetic energy of Y to that of X is:
A) 1:1
B) 2:1
C) 4:1
D) 9:1
E) 1500:1

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

3. An 8000-N car is traveling at 12 m/s along a horizontal road when the brakes are applied.
The car skids to a stop in 4.0 s. How much kinetic energy does the car lose in this time?
A) 4.8  104 J
B) 5.9  104 J
C) 1.2  105 J
D) 5.8  105 J
E) 4.8  106 J

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

4. An object is constrained by a cord to move in a circular path of radius 0.5m on a horizontal

frictionless surface. The cord will break if its tension exceeds 16N. The maximum kinetic
energy the object can have is:
A) 4 J
B) 8 J
C) 16 J
D) 32 J
E) 64 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

5. The weight of an object on the moon is one-sixth of its weight on the Earth. The ratio of the
kinetic energy of a body on the Earth moving with speed V to that of the same body moving with
speed V on the moon is:
A) 6:1
B) 36:1
C) 1:1
D) 1:6
E) 1:36

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

6. Which of the following is the correct combination of dimensions for energy?

A) MLT
B) LT2 /M
C) ML2/T2
D) M2L3T
E) ML/T2

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

7. Which of the following is NOT a correct unit for work?

A) erg
B) ftlb
C) watt
D) newtonmeter
E) joule

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.0

8. Which of the following groups does NOT contain a scalar quantity?

A) velocity, force, energy
B) displacement, acceleration, force
C) acceleration, speed, energy
D) energy, force, distance
E) energy, weight, time

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.2

9. A boy holds a 40-N weight at arm's length for 10 s. His arm is 1.5 m above the ground. The
work done by the force of the boy on the weight while he is holding it is:
A) 0 J
B) 6.1 J
C) 40 J
D) 60 J
E) 90 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

10. A crate moves 10 m to the right on a horizontal surface as a woman pulls on it with a 10-N
force. Rank the situations shown below according to the work done by her force, least to
greatest.

A) 1,2,3
B) 2,1,3
C) 2,3,1
D) 1,3,2
E) 3,2,1,

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

11. A 2-kg object is moving at 3 m/s. A 4-N force is applied in the direction of motion and then
removed after the object has traveled an additional 5 m. The work done by this force is:
A) 9 J
B) 18 J
C) 20 J
D) 29 J
E) 38 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

12. A sledge (including load) weighs 5000 N. It is pulled on level snow by a dog team exerting
a horizontal force on it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between sledge and snow is 0.05. How
much work is done by the dog team pulling the sledge 1000 m at constant speed?
A) 0 J
B) 2.5  105 J
C) 5.0  105 J
D) 2.5  106 J
E) 5.0  106 J

Ans: B
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

13. Camping equipment weighing 6000 N is pulled across a frozen lake by means of a
horizontal rope. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05. The work done by the campers in
pulling the equipment 1000 m at constant velocity is:
A) 0 J
B) 1.5  105 J
C) 3.0  105 J
D) 2.9  106 J
E) 6.0  106 J
Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

14. Camping equipment weighing 6000 N is pulled across a frozen lake by means of a
horizontal rope. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05. How much work is done by the
campers in pulling the equipment 1000 m if its speed is increasing at the constant rate of 0.20
m/s2?
A) –1.2  106 J
B) 1.2  105 J
C) 3.0  105 J
D) 4.2  105 J
E) 4.1  106 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

15. A 0.50-kg object moves in a horizontal circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An external
force of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes around. The
work done by the external force as the mass makes one revolution is:
A) 7.5 J
B) 24 J
C) 47 J
D) 94 J
E) 120 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

16. A crate is initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless table. A constant horizontal force F is
applied. Which of the following five graphs is a correct plot of work W as a function of crate
speed v?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

17. An object moves in a circle at constant speed. The work done by the centripetal force is
zero because:
A) the displacement for each revolution is zero
B) the average force for each revolution is zero
C) there is no friction
D) the magnitude of the acceleration is zero
E) the centripetal force is perpendicular to the velocity

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.2

18. An object of mass 1 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius 0.5 m at a constant speed
of 2 m/s. The work done on the object during one revolution is:
A) 0 J
B) 1 J
C) 2 J
D) 4 J
E) 16 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.2

19. A particle moves 5 m in the positive x direction while being acted upon by a constant force
⃗ = (4 N) ̂ + (2 N ̂) – (4 N) . The work done on the particle by this force is:
A) 20 J
B) 10 J
C) –20 J
D) 30 J
E) is impossible to calculate without knowing other forces

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.2

20. A man pulls a sled along a rough horizontal surface by applying a constant force ⃗ at an
angle above the horizontal. In pulling the sled a horizontal distance d, the work done by the
man is:
A) Fd
B) Fd cos 
C) Fd sin 
D) Fd/cos 
E) Fd/sin 

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.2

21. A 100-kg piano rolls down a 20° incline. A man tries to keep it from accelerating, and
manages to keep its acceleration to 1.2 m/s2. If the piano rolls 5 m, what is the net work done on
it by all the forces acting on it?
A) 60 J
B) 100 J
C) 600 J
D) 1000 J
E) 4900 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.3

22. An 8-N block slides down an incline. It has an initial speed of 7 m/s. The work done by the
resultant force on this block is:
A) 20 J
B) 28 J
C) 56 J
D) impossible to calculate without more information
E) none of these

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.3

23. The mechanical advantage of any machine is:

A) the efficiency of the machine
B) the work done by the machine
C) the ratio of the work done by the machine to the work expended on it
D) the ratio of the force exerted by the machine to the force applied to it
E) the ratio of the force applied to the machine to the force exerted by it

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.0

24. In raising an object to a given height by means of an inclined plane, as compared with
raising the object vertically, there is a reduction in:
A) work required
B) distance pushed
C) friction
D) force required
E) value of the acceleration due to gravity

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.0

25. Two objects with masses, m1 and m2, have the same kinetic energy and are both moving to
the right. The same constant force ⃗ is applied to the left to both masses. If m1 = 4m2, the ratio
of the stopping distance of m1 to that of m2 is:
A) 1:4
B) 4:1
C) 1:2
D) 2:1
E) 1:1

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

26. At time t = 0 a particle starts moving along the x axis. If its kinetic energy increases
uniformly with t the net force acting on it must be:
A) constant
B) proportional to t
C) inversely proportional to t
D) proportional to √
E) proportional to 1/√

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

27. At time t = 0 a 2-kg particle has a velocity of (4 m/s) ̂ – (3 m/s) ̂. At t = 3 s its velocity is
(2 m/s) ̂ + (3 m/s) ̂. During this time the work done on it was:
A) 4 J
B) –4 J
C) –12 J
D) –40 J
E) (4 J) ̂ + (36 J) ̂

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

28. A particle starts from rest at time t = 0 and moves along the x axis. If the net force on it is
proportional to t, its kinetic energy is proportional to:
A) t
B) t2
C) t4
D) 1/t2
E) none of the above

Ans: C
Difficulty: H
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

29. The velocity of a particle moving along the x axis changes from vi to vf. For which values
of vi and vf is the total work done on the particle positive?
A) vi = 5m/s, vf = 2m/s
B) vi = 5m/s, vf = –2m/s
C) vi = –5m/s, vf = –2m/s
D) vi = –5m/s, vf = 2m/s
E) vi = –2m/s, vf = –5m/s

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

30. The amount of work required to stop a moving object is equal to the:
A) velocity of the object
B) kinetic energy of the object
C) mass of the object times its acceleration
D) mass of the object times its velocity
E) square of the velocity of the object

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

31. A 5.0-kg cart is moving horizontally at 6.0 m/s. In order to change its speed to 10.0 m/s, the
net work done on the cart must be:
A) 20 J
B) 40 J
C) 90 J
D) 160 J
E) 400 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

32. A 4-kg cart starts up an incline with a speed of 3 m/s and comes to rest 2 m up the incline.
The total work done on the cart is:
A) –6 J
B) –8 J
C) –12 J
D) –18 J
E) impossible to calculate without more information

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4
33. A Boston Red Sox baseball player catches a ball of mass m that is moving toward him with
speed v. While bringing the ball to rest, his hand moves back a distance d. Assuming constant
deceleration, the horizontal force exerted on the ball by his hand is:
A) mv/d
B) mvd
C) mv2/d
D) 2mv/d
E) mv2/(2d)

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

34. A 0.50-kg object moves in a horizontal circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An external
force of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes around. If it
starts from rest its speed at the end of one revolution is:
A) 5.5 m/s
B) 14 m/s
C) 15 m/s
D) 18 m/s
E) 21 m/s

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

35. A 0.50-kg object moves on a horizontal frictionless circular track with a radius of 2.5 m.
An external force of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes
around. If it starts from rest, then at the end of one revolution the radial component of the force
of the track on it is:
A) 19 N
B) 38 N
C) 47 N
D) 75 N
E) 96 N

Ans: B
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

36. An 80-N crate slides with constant speed a distance of 5.0 m downward along a rough
slope that makes an angle of 30 with the horizontal. The work done by the force of gravity is:
A) –400 J
B) –200 J
C) –69 J
D) 200 J
E) 400 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

37. A 1-kg block is lifted vertically 1 m at constant speed by a boy. The work done by the boy
is about:
A) 1 ft lb
B) 1 J
C) 10 J
D) 0.1 J
E) 0 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

38. The work done by gravity during the descent of a projectile is:
A) positive
B) negative
C) zero
D) depends for its sign on the direction of the y axis
E) depends for its sign on the direction of both the x and y axes

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

39. A man pulls a 100-N crate up a frictionless 30 slope 5 m high as shown. Assuming that
the crate moves at constant speed, the work done by the man is:

A) –500 J
B) –250 J
C) 0 J
D) 250 J
E) 500 J

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

40. A man pushes an 80-N crate a distance of 5.0 m upward along a frictionless slope that
makes an angle of 30 with the horizontal. His force is parallel to the slope. If the speed of the
crate decreases at a rate of 1.5 m/s2, then the work done by the man is:
A) –200 J
B) 61 J
C) 140 J
D) 200 J
E) 400 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

41. A man pushes an 80-N crate a distance of 5.0 m upward along a frictionless slope that
makes an angle of 30 with the horizontal. The force he exerts is parallel to the slope. If the
speed of the crate is constant, then the work done by the man is:
A) –200 J
B) 61 J
C) 140 J
D) 200 J
E) 260 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

42. A man moves the 10-g object shown in a vertical plane at a constant speed from position X
to position Y along a circular track of radius 20 m. The process takes 0.75 min. The work done
by the man is about:
A) 1J
B) 2J
C) 4J
D) 6J
E) 12 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

43. A woman lifts a barbell 2.0 m in 5.0 s. If she lifts it the same distance in 10 s, the work
done by her is:
A) four times as great
B) two times as great
C) the same
D) half as great
E) one-fourth as great

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

44. A line drive to the shortstop is caught at the same height as it was originally hit. Over its
entire flight the work done by gravity and the work done by air resistance, respectively, are:
A) zero; positive
B) zero; negative
C) positive; negative
D) negative; positive
E) negative; negative

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.2

45. A baseball is hit high into the upper bleachers of left field. Over its entire flight the work
done by gravity and the work done by air resistance, respectively, are:
A) positive; positive
B) positive; negative
C) negative; positive
D) negative; negative
E) unknown since vital information is lacking

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.2

46. A block is attached to the end of an ideal spring and moved from coordinate xi to
coordinate xf. The relaxed position is at x = 0. The work done by spring is positive if:
A) xi = 2 cm and xf = 4 cm
B) xi = –2 cm and xf = 4 cm
C) xi = –2 cm and xf = –4 cm
D) xi = 2 cm and xf = –4 cm
E) xi = –4 cm and xf = –2 cm

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.1

47. An ideal spring, with a pointer attached to its end, hangs next to a scale. With a 100-N
weight attached, the pointer indicates "40" on the scale as shown. Using a 200-N weight instead
results in "60" on the scale. Using an unknown weight X instead results in "30" on the scale. The
weight of X is:

A) 20 N
B) 30 N
C) 40 N
D) 50 N
E) 75 N

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.1
48. A spring of spring constant k is attached to a block of mass m. The spring moves the block
through a displacement x. How can you calculate how much work the spring does on the block?
A) Multiply the spring force, kx, by the distance x.
B) Multiply the spring force, ½ kx2, by the distance x.
C) Integrate the spring force, kx, over the distance x.
D) Integrate the spring force, ½ kx2, over the time it takes the block to move.
E) You cannot calculate this without knowing the acceleration of the block.

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.2

49. This plot shows an object being moved by a series of forces. Which segments of the motion
could have been caused by fixed springs?

A) None of the segments could represent work being done by springs.

B) Any of the segments could represent work being done by springs.
C) Segments A and C only.
D) Segments B and D only.
E) Segment A only.

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.2

50. An ideal spring is hung vertically from the ceiling. When a 2.0-kg mass hangs at rest from
it, the spring is extended 6.0 cm from its relaxed length. A downward external force is now
applied to the mass to extend the spring an additional 10 cm. While the spring is being extended
by the force, the work done by the spring is:
A) –3.6 J
B) –3.3 J
C) –1.0 J
D) 3.3 J
E) 3.6 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.3

51. Three identical springs (X, Y, Z) are arranged as shown. When a 4.0-kg mass is hung on X,
the mass descends 3.0 cm. When a 6.0-kg mass is hung on Y, the mass descends:

A) 2.0 cm
B) 4.0 cm
C) 4.5 cm
D) 6.0 cm
E) 9.0 cm

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.3

52. An ideal spring is hung vertically from the ceiling. When a 2.0-kg mass hangs at rest from
it, the spring is extended 6.0 cm from its relaxed length. An upward external force is then applied
to the block to move it upward a distance of 16 cm. While the block is being raised by the
force, the work done by the spring is
A) –1.0 J
B) –0.52 J
C) –0.26 J
D) 0.52 J
E) 1.0 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.3

53. When a certain rubber band is stretched a distance x, it exerts a restoring force of
magnitude F = Ax, where A is a constant. The work done by a person in stretching this rubber
band from x = 0 to x = L is:
A) AL2
B) AL
C) A + 2L2
D) A/L
E) AL2/2

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.3

54. In the plot shown of force vs. distance, approximately how much work is done in moving an
object from x = 5 m to x = 15 m?

A) 10 J
B) 55 J
C) 125 J
D) 275 J
E) cannot be calculated without knowing the mass of the object

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.4

55. A 2-kg block is attached to a horizontal ideal spring with a spring constant of 200 N/m.
When the spring has its equilibrium length the block is given a speed of 5 m/s. What is the
maximum elongation of the spring?
A) 0 m
B) 0.5 m
C) 5 m
D) 10 m
E) 100 m
Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.5

56. A 1.5 kg crate falls from a height of 2.0 m onto an industrial spring scale with a spring
constant of 1.5  105 N/m. At its greatest compression the reading on the scale is:
A) 15 N
B) 29 N
C) 1.5  103 N
D) 2.1  103 N
E) 3.0  103 N

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.5

57. When a certain rubber band is stretched a distance x, it exerts a restoring force F = ax +
bx2, where a and b are constants. The work done in stretching this rubber band from x = 0 to x =
L is:
A) aL2 + bLx3
B) aL + 2bL2
C) a + 2bL
D) bL
E) aL2/2 + bL3/3

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-5
Learning Objective 7.5.1

58. The plot shows the force on an object as it moves from x = 0 m to x = 20 m. How much work
is done on the object?
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
intéressant comme un roman. A propos de M. Louis Figuier, je suis bien
en retard avec lui, ou du moins avec ses Vies des savants illustres qu'il
publie en volumes in-18 (ce sera l'édition définitive); je devais depuis de
longs mois l'annoncer.

Je ne reviendrai point sur La Comédie de notre temps, texte et dessins

par Bertall. Je tiens seulement à ajouter, en manière de post-scriptum,
après la notice de l'autre jour, que le livre fait son chemin et que l'auteur
y a trouvé son plus grand succès. L'éditeur, M. Eugène Plon, nous a
adressé depuis un joli volume signé Mustapha, et qui s'appelle Voyage
autour de ma tente. Ce sont de petits croquis militaires d'une valeur rare.
Ce pseudonyme de Mustapha cache, je crois, M le capitaine Lung,
l'auteur d'un très-beau travail sur le Masque de fer. Ce sont là des
souvenirs du temps où le soldat avait le droit de rire. «Recueillons-les,
semble dire Mustapha, et amusons-nous-en encore jusqu'au jour où il
nous sera permis de rire des autres.»

M. Plon est encore l'éditeur d'une magnifique publication, aujourd'hui

terminée, le Musée des Archives nationales, où l'on retrouve catalogués,
analysés, reproduits très-souvent en fac-similé, les incomparables trésors
historiques conservés à la rue du Chaume. Tout le inonde n'a pas le loisir
d'aller visiter le musée des Archives et surtout d'en étudier les richesses.
Eh bien, là, on retrouve le Musée lui-même, on le possède dans ces
pages savantes qui composent, à dire vrai, un monument littéraire et
historique tout à fait unique. Passer des sceaux à l'aspect étrange et des
signatures bizarres des premiers rois à l'écriture des Henri IV et des Louis
XIV, pour s'arrêter à Bonaparte, après avoir regardé les morceaux de
papier déchiré trouvés sur le cadavre de Pétion, quel réve! quelle
fantastique réalité! Or, c'est cela, ce sont ces surprises et cette science
que ce beau volume, le Musée des Archives nationales, tient en réserve.
Il ne nous suffira pas de l'avoir loué ainsi, rapidement, nous y
reviendrons à coup sûr.

Il en est, il en sera de même des Fables de La Fontaine, que vient

d'éditer M. Jouaust. La Fontaine illustré par Millet, Stevens, J.-L. Brown,
Detaille, Emile Lévy, etc., et illustré de façon à ce que le dessin original
de l'artiste soit reproduit, si je puis dire, dans sa réalité même, voilà
l'étonnement que nous réservait ce maître ès-bibliophilie. Il a réussi et
nous prédisons, dés à présent, un vif succès à ces Fables de La Fontaine,
que nous rangeons dans la catégorie des livres d'étrennes, quoique le
livre n'ait pas besoin, pour être apprécié, d'être un livre d'actualité.

Jules Claretie.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE
La pluie et le beau temps, météorologie usuelle, par Paul Laurencin.--A
lire le titre de ce charmant petit volume, on pourrait croire à une œuvre
fantaisiste, mais le sous-titre est là pour rectifier cette impression
première et déterminer le domaine dans lequel l'auteur introduit le
lecteur à son grand profit.

C'est donc de météorologie qu'il s'agit, c'est-à-dire de ces phénomènes

curieux dont l'atmosphère est le théâtre et qui influent sur ce que, dans
le langage familier, on appelle le Temps. L'ouvrage, publié par J.
Rothschild, éditeur, et orné de 110 gravures et cartes, est divisé en vingt
chapitres, où M. Laurencin, en un style clair, précis et d'une élégante
simplicité, traite successivement de la composition de l'air, de la chaleur
et des courants atmosphériques, de l'eau dans l'atmosphère, de la pluie,
de ses bienfaits et de ses méfaits, des orages, du cyclone, de l'arc-en-
ciel, des climats, des saisons, etc., etc., et montre finalement que tous
les phénomènes de la pluie et du beau temps dérivent d'une cause
unique: la chaleur solaire, et que, jusqu'à un certain point, on peut
prévoir les variations atmosphériques. Cette possibilité de se rendre
compte des chances probables de pluie et de beau temps, pour une
époque déterminée, intéresse aussi bien l'homme de plaisir que l'homme
de travail. Aussi sommes-nous convaincus que La pluie et le beau temps,
ce résumé aussi succinct que substantiel de toutes nos acquisitions
touchant la science météorologique, recevra de tout le monde l'accueil
qu'il mérite à tous les titres, c'est-à-dire le plus favorable et le plus
empressé.

P.
Au nombre des étrennes les plus belles et les plus utiles, les plus
intéressantes et les plus instructives, nous devons placer en première
ligne un magnifique volume: le Jardin d'acclimatation illustré.

L'auteur, M. Pierre Pichot, le sympathique directeur et rédacteur en chef

de la Revue britannique, a eu le talent de vulgariser la zoologie, et son
remarquable ouvrage, apprécié des savants, est écrit dans un style clair
et facile, qui le met à la portée de tout le monde.

Ce splendide livre renferme 25 gravures coloriées et d'innombrables

vignettes; ce n'est pas seulement un excellent guide du Jardin
d'acclimatation; l'auteur a poursuivi un but plus élevé et a réussi à faire
un traité complet de zoologie.

Le Jardin d'acclimatation illustré se trouve chez Hachette et au bois de

Boulogne, à la librairie du Jardin d'acclimatation. Son prix est plus
modique qu'on ne pouvait s'y attendre pour une publication aussi
importante. (Broché, 15 fr.; richement relié, 20 fr.)

Il y a deux mois, nous avons vu plusieurs fabricants de machines à

coudre faire grand bruit avec les récompenses qu'ils avaient obtenues à
l'Exposition de Vienne. Sans vouloir diminuer en rien la valeur attachée
aux médailles de progrès et à celles de mérite, que ces maisons ont
affichées, il nous sera permis de leur opposer une maison qui a été
l'objet de distinctions tout exceptionnelles, dont elle s'est peu vantée.
C'est la Compagnie Wheeler et Wilson, de New-York (qui a son siège à
Paris, chez M. H. Séeling, 70, boulevard Sébastopol).

Cette importante Compagnie, en outre des médailles de progrès et de

mérite qui lui ont été décernées, a seule été recommandée par le jury
international pour le grand diplôme d'honneur. Et dernièrement M.
Nathaniel Wheeler, président de cette Compagnie, a été décoré de l'ordre
de François-Joseph, comme récompense de services éminents rendus à
l'industrie de la machine à coudre,--la seule décoration accordée à
Vienne à un fabricant de machines à coudre.

Cette double distinction place évidemment la Compagnie Wheeler et

Wilson au-dessus de toutes les compagnies rivales, et comme à Paris en
1867, où l'unique médaille d'or pour ce genre de fabrication lui a été
décernée, elle a remporté la victoire sur tous ses concurrents.

LA NATURE
REVUE DES SCIENCES EN 1873

La nouvelle publication que M. G. Tissandier a fondée cette année, avec

le concours de nombreux écrivains scientifiques, a obtenu de la part du
public l'accueil dont elle était digne. Nous sommes persuadé que le
premier volume qui vient de paraître, et qui comprend le tableau du
progrès en 1873, comptera parmi les livres les plus appréciés de l'époque
du jour de l'an. Les principaux collaborateurs de La Nature: MM. le Dr.
Bertillou, H. Blerzy, Ch. Boissay, Bontemps, P.-P. Dehérain, C.
Flammarion, W. de Fonvielle, C.-M. Gariel, F. Garrigou, J. et M. Girard, A.
Guillemin, Dr. Joly, S. Meunier, E. Margollé, E. Menault, Vignes, Zurcher,
etc., sont trop connus du public pour que nous ayons à faire l'éloge de
leurs travaux. Nous préférons emprunter à La Nature la description fort
intéressante de la nouvelle bouée de sauvetage à lumière inextinguible,
dont un de nos compatriotes, M. Silas, est l'inventeur.
 Nouvelle bouée de sauvetage lumineuse (système Silas).
Gravure extraite du journal la Nature.

Cette bouée est formée, comme l'indique la gravure contre, d'une sphère
métallique contenant du phosphure de calcium. Un homme tombant à la
mer pendant la nuit, on jette à la surface de l'eau la bouée Silas. L'eau
pénètre dans la sphère creuse, décompose le phosphure de calcium
donnant naissance à un dégagement abondant d'hydrogène phosphoré.
Ce gaz s'échappe par un tube supérieur, mais il a la propriété
remarquable de brûler spontanément au contact de l'air, sans que l'eau
puisse l'éteindre. Une flamme vive, brillante éclaire le naufragé et le
guide tandis qu'il serait irrévocablement perdu si nulle lumière
n'apparaissait au milieu des ténèbres!

La Nature abonde en faits de ce genre, elle nous donne l'exposé complet

des événements scientifiques récents, des découvertes importantes, ses
belles et nombreuses illustrations en font une publication éminemment
attrayante, et digne à tous égards des plus grands éloges.
EXPLICATION DU DERNIER RÉBUS:

Le commerce est le lien des nations.

 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK L'ILLUSTRATION,
NO. 1609, 27 DÉCEMBRE 1873 ***

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