CRIMINAL

JUSTICE
EDUCATION
PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT
REGIE A. FRANCISCO
MAED, MBA, LPT c. JD, PHD
Assistant Professor

AND ETHICAL
Mobile No. 09544420024
STANDARDS
https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco
 ETHICS 107
as General Education Core Subject
(CMO No. 5, s. 2018 and CMO No. 4, s. of 2018)
For Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Curriculum Description The field of criminology is the study of crime and the various agencies of justice as they operate
and react to crime, criminals and victims. It is therefore the mission of the Criminology program
to provide the community with professionally competent and morally upright graduates who can
deliver efficient and effective services in crime prevention, crime detection and investigation, law
enforcement, public safety, custody and rehabilitation of offenders, criminological research,
among others.

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) offering the Criminology program are envisioned as
significant educational institutions actively and continually involved in producing graduates who
have the knowledge, skills, attitude and values in addressing the problem of criminality in the
country and the character and competence to meet the challenges of globalization in the field of
criminology.

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

Course Description This course is an integration of values education, police ethics and police community relations
(PCR). Initially, the study covers the general concepts and foundations of ethics with emphasis on
the right Filipino values for national transformation and reformation of the Philippine police
system.

Discussions gradually focus on the effects of ethics and values in the society, the government and
especially in the PNP. Ethics and values are studied as applied to the present Law Enforcement
Code of Ethics and Police Professional Conduct as embodied under Section 1, Rule II of the PNP
Rules and Regulations. Final topics deal on the development of PCR as well as the philosophies
and foundations of good police community and human relations.

Program Objectives The program aims to:

● encourage research and inquiry on the nature, causes, treatment or punishment

of criminal behavior and how criminal justice agencies function and respond to
crime, criminals and victims.
● prepare the students for careers in crime prevention, law enforcement, scientific
crime detection, correctional administration, public safety and allied fields;
● foster the values of leadership, integrity, accountability and responsibility while
serving their fellowmen, community and country;

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

Program Outcomes The required minimum set of program outcomes are as follows:

A. Common to all programs in all types of schools

● Articulate and discuss the latest developments in the specific field of practice
(PQF level 6 descriptor)
● Effectively communicate orally and in writing using both English and Filipino
● Work effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural
teams (PQF level 6 descriptor)
● Act in recognition of professional, social and ethical responsibility
● Preserve and promote “Filipino historical and cultural heritage” (based on RA
7722)

Program Outcomes B. Common to the Criminal Justice Education

For the Criminal Justice Education program are expressed in the following minimum set of
learning outcomes:

● Conduct criminological research and further studies

● Ensure public safety and order maintenance
● Prevent, suppress and control crime
● Investigate and detect crime
● Enforce laws, rules and regulations
● Protect lives and properties

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

Program Outcomes C. Common to a horizontal type as defined in CMO No. 46, s. 2012

● For professional institutions: demonstrate a service a service orientation in

one’s profession
● For colleges: an ability to participate in various types of employment,
development activities, and public discourses particularly in response to the
needs of the communities one serves
● For universities: an ability to participate in the generation of new knowledge or
in research and development projects
● Graduates of State Universities and Colleges must, in addition, have the
competencies to support “national, regional and local development plans.” (RA
7722)

Course Outcomes At the end of the course, the students are expected to:

● Explain the foundations of ethics and values.

● Discuss the salient points of the PNP code of professional conduct.
● Evaluate the PNP core values and virtues and its impact to their performance.
● Recite the law enforcement code of ethics in today’s setting.
● Appraise the moral/ethical weaknesses of the PNP causing incompetence and
propose a solution for the problem.
● Provide specific recommendations to upgrade the PNP capabilities after
evaluating the law enforcement code of ethics, the code of professional
conduct, ethical standards, and the PCR system.

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

 Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

Lesson Outline:

SECOND
SEMESTER
COVERAGE
 Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MORALITY PNP ETHICS

01 Contextualizes character,
personality, ethics, morality
02 Interprets the five pillars and
cannons of police ethics and
and human acts tenets of discipline

DOCTRINES CUSTOMS
03 PNP stand on basic issues, 04 Police customs, courtesy
as law enforcement officer, and traditions, police power
professional conduct and and social expectations
ethical standards
02

PNP ETHICS

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

 02

TOPICS
● Introduction to Police Ethics
● Theoretical Foundations
● Cannons of Police Ethics
● Tenets of Discipline

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

The moral, spiritual and professional transformation of the PNP into an effective and efficient
organization is in line with the “thrust” of the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards. Every PNP
uniformed member is expected to act, behave and live according to the tenets of professional and ethical
standards. The PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards is envisioned to achieve and
maintain highly professional, honest, efficient and competent law enforcers worthy of the public respect
and trust, and it is the reason why the Code was drafted.

INTRODUCTION TO
POLICE ETHICS

PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL
POLICE
Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420024 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco
The Code serves as a constant reminder and guide for every member of the Philippine National Police
(PNP) to uphold the virtues of integrity, honor, and excellence. It is not merely a set of rules, but a
comprehensive framework designed to cultivate a culture of accountability and moral fortitude within the
organization. By adhering to this Code, PNP members commit themselves to the highest standards of
public service, ensuring that their actions reflect the core values of the institution they represent.

INTRODUCTION TO
POLICE ETHICS

PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL
POLICE
Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420024 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco
In essence, the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards is more than just a
document—it is the embodiment of the collective aspiration of the PNP to be a symbol of trust, reliability,
and unwavering dedication to the community it serves. Through continuous education, training, and a
steadfast commitment to these principles, the PNP strives to earn and maintain the confidence and
respect of the Filipino people, thereby contributing to the overall peace and order in the nation.

INTRODUCTION TO
POLICE ETHICS

PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL
POLICE
Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420024 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco
DISCIPLINE
The discipline of PNP members is manifested
by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and
through and spontaneous actions towards
attainment of organizational objectives guided
by moral, ethical and legal norms.

This discipline is not an arbitrary construct but

is deeply rooted in various theoretical
frameworks and historical contexts that
highlight the significance of ethical policing.
THEORETICAL
FOUNDATION
Ethical Theory in Policing: The conduct of PNP
members is influenced by ethical theories, such as
deontological ethics, which emphasizes the
importance of duty and adherence to rules, and
consequentialism, which focuses on the outcomes of
actions. These theories guide the moral compass of
police officers, ensuring that their decisions and
actions are aligned with the greater good and legal
standards.
THEORETICAL
FOUNDATION
Organizational Behavior Theories: Organizational
behavior theories, such as the Theory of Planned
Behavior and Social Learning Theory, provide
insights into how the behavior of PNP members can
be shaped and reinforced. The Theory of Planned
Behavior suggests that behavior is influenced by
attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral
control, while Social Learning Theory emphasizes the
role of observation, imitation, and reinforcement in
learning ethical conduct.
THEORETICAL
FOUNDATION
Leadership and Management Theories:
Leadership theories, such as Transformational
Leadership and Servant Leadership, play a critical
role in shaping the ethical climate of the PNP.
Transformational leaders inspire and motivate their
subordinates to achieve higher levels of ethical
behavior, while servant leaders prioritize the needs of
their subordinates and the community, fostering a
culture of service and integrity.
CHALLENGES &
REFORMS
Despite the best efforts to uphold ethical standards,
the PNP faces numerous challenges, including
corruption, abuse of power, and public mistrust.
Recognizing these challenges, the organization
continuously seeks reforms and improvements.
Efforts such as internal accountability mechanisms,
external oversight, and community engagement
initiatives are crucial in addressing these issues and
ensuring the PNP remains a trustworthy and effective
institution.
 5 PILLARS OF
CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

1. Law Enforcement:

Role: This pillar involves the police and other law enforcement
agencies responsible for investigating crimes, apprehending offenders,
and maintaining public order.

Function: Law enforcement agencies are tasked with enforcing laws,

preventing crime, and protecting citizens. They are often the first point
of contact in the criminal justice system.
2. Prosecution:

Role: The prosecution is responsible for presenting evidence and

arguments in court to prove the guilt of the accused.

Function: Prosecutors evaluate evidence gathered by law

enforcement, decide whether to file charges, and represent the state or
the public in criminal proceedings. They play a key role in ensuring that
justice is served by building strong cases against offenders.
3. Judiciary:

Role: The judiciary comprises judges and courts that hear and decide
cases based on the evidence presented and the applicable laws.

Function: Judges ensure that trials are conducted fairly and

impartially, protecting the rights of both the accused and the victims.
The judiciary interprets laws, delivers verdicts, and imposes appropriate
penalties or sanctions.
4. Penology (Corrections):

Role: This pillar involves the correctional system, including prisons,

rehabilitation centers, and probation and parole services.

Function: Penology focuses on the treatment, rehabilitation, and

reintegration of convicted offenders. The goal is to reduce recidivism by
providing opportunities for education, vocational training, and therapy,
helping offenders become productive members of society.
5. Community:

Role: The community plays a crucial role in supporting the criminal justice
system by participating in crime prevention, reporting crimes, and
supporting victims.

Function: Community involvement is essential for building trust in the

criminal justice system. Citizens, non-governmental organizations (NGOs),
and community leaders work together with law enforcement and other
pillars to create a safer and more just society. Community-based programs
and initiatives aim to address the root causes of crime and provide support
to those affected by criminal activities.
 CANNONS OF
POLICE ETHICS
Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco
CANNONS OF
POLICE ETHICS
The Cannons of Police Ethics serve
as a crucial framework for guiding
the conduct and behavior of police
officers. These cannons are designed
to ensure that officers uphold the
highest standards of moral and
ethical behavior while performing
their duties.

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

1. Respect for the Law:

Police officers must respect and uphold the law at

all times. They are entrusted with the
responsibility of enforcing laws fairly and
impartially, ensuring that their actions are always
in line with legal standards and principles.

This principle emphasizes the importance of

officers being knowledgeable about the laws they
enforce and applying them consistently, without
bias or favoritism.
2. Dedication to Duty:

Police officers must exhibit a strong commitment

to their duties and responsibilities. This includes
being diligent, reliable, and conscientious in their
work.

Dedication to duty involves going above and

beyond to serve and protect the community, even
in challenging and dangerous situations. It also
means being proactive in preventing crime and
maintaining public order.
3. Protection of
Individual Rights:
Police officers must protect the rights and freedoms
of individuals. This includes respecting the dignity
and privacy of all persons they interact with,
regardless of their background or circumstances.

Officers are expected to uphold constitutional rights,

such as the right to due process, freedom of speech,
and protection from unlawful search and seizure.
They must ensure that their actions do not infringe
upon these rights and that they treat all individuals
with fairness and respect.
4. Integrity and
Honesty:
Police officers must demonstrate integrity and
honesty in all their actions. This means being
truthful, transparent, and accountable for their
behavior.

Integrity involves resisting corruption, avoiding

conflicts of interest, and making decisions based on
ethical considerations rather than personal gain.
Honest officers build trust and credibility with the
public and their colleagues.
5. Professionalism:

Police officers must conduct themselves in a

professional manner at all times. This includes
maintaining a respectful and courteous demeanor,
adhering to the code of conduct, and demonstrating
competence in their duties.

Professionalism also involves continuous learning

and development to stay updated with best
practices, legal changes, and new challenges in law
enforcement.
6. Impartiality:

Police officers must act impartially and without

prejudice. They should enforce the law equally,
regardless of an individual's race, gender, religion, or
socioeconomic status.

Impartiality ensures that justice is administered fairly

and that officers do not allow personal biases to
influence their decisions and actions.
7. Public Trust:

Maintaining public trust is a fundamental aspect of

police ethics. Officers must strive to build and
sustain positive relationships with the community
they serve.

Public trust is earned through transparency,

accountability, and consistent ethical behavior. When
the community trusts the police, they are more likely
to cooperate and collaborate in efforts to ensure
public safety.
 IN SUMMARY…
The Cannons of Police Ethics provide a
comprehensive framework for ethical conduct in
policing. By adhering to these principles, police
officers can foster a culture of integrity,
professionalism, and trust within the law
enforcement community and the broader
society. These cannons serve as a constant
reminder of the moral and ethical
responsibilities that come with the role of a
police officer.
TENETS OF
DISCIPLINE
Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco
 TENETS OF
DISCIPLINE
The Tenets of Discipline are the
fundamental principles that guide the
behavior and conduct of PNP
members, ensuring order, efficiency,
and adherence to ethical standards.
These tenets are crucial in maintaining
the integrity and professionalism of the
police force.
1. Obedience to
Lawful
Orders:
Police officers must demonstrate strict adherence to lawful orders
and directives issued by their superiors. This obedience is
essential for maintaining the chain of command and ensuring that
operations are carried out efficiently and effectively. It emphasizes
the importance of following protocols and procedures while
respecting the hierarchy within the organization.
 2. Self-Control:

Officers must exhibit self-control in all situations, even under

stress or provocation. This tenet ensures that officers remain calm,
composed, and rational, enabling them to make sound decisions
and respond appropriately to various scenarios. Self-control also
involves managing emotions and impulses to prevent actions that
could harm the public or tarnish the reputation of the PNP.
 3. Dedication to
Duty:

Dedication to duty is a cornerstone of police discipline. It involves

a strong work ethic, commitment to responsibilities, and a
willingness to go above and beyond to serve the community.
Officers are expected to prioritize their duties, remain vigilant, and
take initiative in preventing and addressing crime.
 4.
Professionalism:

Professionalism encompasses the attitudes, behaviors, and

standards that reflect positively on the PNP. Officers must conduct
themselves with integrity, respect, and competence in all
interactions with the public and colleagues. This tenet includes
continuous learning and development, staying updated with best
practices, and maintaining a high level of expertise in law
enforcement.
 5. Integrity:

Integrity is the unwavering adherence to ethical and moral

principles. Officers must act with honesty, transparency, and
accountability in all their actions and decisions. This tenet involves
resisting corruption, avoiding conflicts of interest, and ensuring
that personal and professional conduct is beyond reproach.
 6. Respect for
Authority:

Respect for authority is essential in maintaining discipline within

the police force. Officers must acknowledge and uphold the lawful
authority of their superiors and the institution they represent. This
tenet fosters a culture of respect and cooperation, enabling
effective teamwork and collaboration within the organization.
 7. Commitment
to Public
Service:
Police officers must demonstrate a genuine commitment to serving
and protecting the community. This includes being approachable,
responsive, and empathetic to the needs and concerns of the
public. Commitment to public service involves building trust and
rapport with the community, ensuring that policing efforts are
aligned with the interests and well-being of the people.
 8. Discretion:

Discretion involves the judicious use of authority and power by

police officers. It requires careful consideration of the
circumstances, the law, and ethical principles when making
decisions. This tenet ensures that officers use their discretion to
promote justice, fairness, and the best interests of the community.
03

DOCTRINES
 03

TOPICS
● PNP Stand on Basic Issues
● Police Customs on Social Decorum
● Officer's Pledged

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

PNP STAND ON
BASIC ISSUES
Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco
1 The image of the Philippine National Police
(PNP) significantly impacts the morale, esprit de
corps, and welfare of its members. A positive
image fosters a sense of pride and belonging
within the organization.

PNP Image: All members of the PNP are expected to

conduct themselves in a manner that upholds
the dignity and reputation of the organization.
This includes living in accordance with the PNP
core values and embodying virtues such as
honor, integrity, valor, justice, honesty, humility,
charity, and loyalty to the service
 2 Effective career management is crucial for the
professionalization of PNP personnel. Proper
implementation of career management
processes, including procurement, promotion,
assignment, placement, training, awards, and
Career retirement, ensures that personnel are
Management: motivated and capable of performing their
duties efficiently.

Improper career management can lead to

prejudice and hinder the professional growth of
PNP members
 3 The effectiveness of law enforcement is
reflective of the managerial capabilities and
competent leadership of the men and women
who run the PNP organization.
Police
Management Strong leadership within the PNP is essential for
maintaining order, discipline, and the overall
Leadership: effectiveness of the police force
 4 The PNP is committed to ensuring judicious and
equitable distribution of opportunities for all its
members. This includes providing equal
chances for proving one's worth in the police
service, regardless of background or personal
Equality in connections.
the Service:
Equality in the service promotes fairness,
meritocracy, and a sense of unity within the
organization
 5 The PNP stands against political patronage and
emphasizes the importance of maintaining the
independence and impartiality of the police
force.

Political Officers are expected to perform their duties

Patronage: without undue influence from political entities,
ensuring that their actions are guided by the law
and ethical standards
 6 The PNP is dedicated to upholding and
protecting human rights in all its operations.
This commitment is reflected in the training and
conduct of PNP members, who are taught to
respect and safeguard the rights and dignity of
Human all individuals.
Rights:
Ensuring human rights is a fundamental aspect
of ethical policing and is integral to building
trust and cooperation with the community
 the PNP's stand on basic issues
encompasses a commitment to
maintaining a positive image,
effective career management, strong
In leadership, equality in the service,
independence from political
Summary patronage, and the protection of
human rights.
… These principles guide the conduct
and operations of the PNP, ensuring
that it remains a professional, ethical,
and trustworthy institution.
POLICE CUSTOMS ON
SOCIAL DECORUM

Asst. Prof. Regie Anarredo Francisco | Mobile No. 09544420924 | https://m.me/regie.anarredo.francisco

Police officers are expected to conduct themselves with
professionalism and decorum in all public interactions. This
includes displaying respect, courtesy, and dignity towards all
individuals they encounter.

Officers must maintain a neat and presentable appearance,

adhering to the prescribed uniform and grooming standards.

1. Professionalism in
Public:
Effective communication is essential in maintaining public trust
and fostering positive relationships with the community. Officers
should use polite and respectful language, avoiding any form of
abusive or derogatory remarks.

Active listening and empathy are important in understanding and

addressing the concerns of the public.

2. Respectful
Communication:
Officers must demonstrate integrity in all their actions, ensuring
transparency and honesty in their dealings with the public. This
includes avoiding any form of corruption, bribery, or misconduct.

Integrity also involves being accountable for one's actions and

decisions, accepting responsibility when mistakes are made.

3. Upholding Integrity:
Building strong relationships with the community is a key aspect of
policing. Officers are encouraged to actively engage with
community members, participating in community events, and
fostering a sense of collaboration and trust.

This engagement helps in understanding the unique needs and

concerns of the community, allowing for more effective and
responsive policing.

4. Community
Engagement:
Officers must be aware of and respect the cultural diversity within
the community. This includes understanding and appreciating
different customs, traditions, and beliefs.

Cultural sensitivity ensures that officers interact with community

members in a manner that is respectful and inclusive, avoiding any
form of discrimination or bias.

5. Cultural Sensitivity:
POLICE OFFICE’S PLEDGED
The Officer's Pledge is a solemn vow taken by police officers,
reflecting their commitment to uphold the principles and
values of the PNP. It serves as a constant reminder of their
duties and responsibilities to the community and the nation.
Officers pledge to perform
their duties with dedication,
diligence, and a strong sense
1. Commitment to
of responsibility. They vow to
Duty:
protect and serve the
community, ensuring public
safety and order.
Officers pledge to enforce the
law impartially and fairly,
without fear or favor. They
2. Upholding the
commit to respecting and
Law:
upholding the rights and
freedoms of all individuals,
adhering to legal and ethical
standards.
Officers pledge to act with
integrity and honesty in all
their actions. They vow to
3. Integrity and
avoid any form of corruption,
Honesty:
misconduct, or unethical
behavior, maintaining the trust
and confidence of the public.
Officers pledge to treat all
individuals with respect and
compassion, recognizing the
inherent dignity and worth of
4. Respect and
every person. They commit to Compassion:
showing empathy and
understanding in their
interactions with the
community.
Officers pledge to be
accountable for their actions
and decisions, ensuring
transparency in their conduct.
5. Accountability
They vow to accept and Transparency:
responsibility for their
behavior and to be open to
scrutiny and oversight.
Officers pledge to pursue
continuous learning and
professional development,
staying updated with best
practices, legal changes, and 6. Continuous
new challenges in law Learning and
Development:
enforcement. They commit to
enhancing their skills and
knowledge to serve the
community effectively.
 THANKS!
Do you have any questions?
[email protected]
09544420024

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