ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV

ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS WE-2 Find the approximate value of

SYNOPSIS 3
 x  2   x  3 when x  3.05
Infinitesimals:
df
 If x is a quantity  x (change in x ) is a small f df  . x
dx
quantity when compared to x and 2 3
 3  x  2   x  3    x  2   . x
 
x x, x x 2 , x x 3 ,.......... are small quantities
 1 0.05   0.05
(when compared to x and  x ) in the decreasing 2
f  x   3  2 3  3  0
order of magnitude , then these quantities are
 approximate value = 0 + 0.05 = 0.05
called infinitesimals of order 1,order 2 and order Error ,Relative Error , Percentage
3 ..... Error:
 If y  f  x  ,  x is any change in x then the  Let y=f( x ) be a function defined on an interval
corresponding change in y is  y . It is given by A and x  A . Let  x be any change in x and
 y  f  x   x  f  x
 y be the corresponding change in y.Then
 dy 
   x is called differential of y It is denoted by i)  y is called error in y.
 dx 
dy or df. y
ii) is called relative error in y.
1
y
 dy  f  x   x y
iii) X 100 is called percentage error in y.
 The approximate value of the function is y
 If y  f  x   K .x n then the approximate relative
f  x   x   f  x   f 1  x  x
error (or percentage error) in y is 'n' times the
  y  dy relative error (or percentage error) in x where n
WE-1 The approximate value of log  9.01 when and k are constants.
WE-3: Pressure 'p' and volume 'v' are connected
log3  1.0986
by the relation PV n  c (constant). Then the
Sol:  log3  1.0986 percentage error in the pressure is ___ times
the percentage error in the decreasing
 log9  log3 2 volume.
 2log3  2 1.0986   2.1972 Sol: Given PV n  c  p  c.v  n
 percentage error in pressure is 'n' times the
let x  9 &  x  0.01 percentage error in the decreasing volume
and y  f  x   log x  Circle If r is the radius , x is the diameter , p is
perimeter (circumference ) and A is the area of a
Then, log  9.01  f  x   f '  x  . x circle then
i) x = 2r
1 ii) p  2 r or p   x
 log9   0.01  2.1972  0.0011  2.1983
9
 x2
iii) A   r 2 or A=
4

102 Velammal Bodhi IIT Academy

 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS
JEE MAIN - VOL - I VOL-IV JR MATHS
ERRORS - IB
AND APPROXIMATIONS

 Sector: If r is the radius, l is the length of the 3. The approximate value of 1.02 is
arc and  is the angle , p is the perimeter and A 1) 1.01 2) 1.001 3) 1.0001 4) 1.1001
is the area of a sector, then 4. The approximate value of 5 33 is
i) l  r 1) 2.0125 2) 2.1 3) 2.01 4) 3.258
ii) p  l  2r or p  r  2r  r   2  5. The approximate value is cos 610 is
1 1 2 1) 0.4848 2) 0.4849 3) 0.4948 4) 0.5059
iii) A  lr or A  r  6. ABC is not a right angled and is inscribed
2 2
 Cube: If x is the side , S is the surface area and in a fixed circle . If a, A,b,B be slightly varied
V is the volume of a cube then a b
keeping c, C fixed then  
· S  6x2 · V  x3 cos A cosB
 Sphere: If r is the radius , S is the surface 1) 2 2)1 3)0 4)5
area V is the volume of a sphere then 7. If log4=1.3868 ,then the approximate value
of log (4.01)
4 3 1)1.3968 2)1.3898 3)1.3893 4) 1.9338
· S  4 r 2 · V  r 8. The diameter of a circle found by
3
 Cylinder: If r is the radius (of cross section) h measurement 5.2cms with a maximum error
0.05cms. The maximum error in its area is
is the height , L is the lateral surface area, S is the 1) 4.1 sq cms 2) 0.041 sq.cms
total surface area, V is the volume of a cylinder 3) 0.41 sq.cms 4) 0.5 sq.cms
(right circular) then 9. A circular plate expands when heated from a
radius of 5cms to 5.06 cm then the
· L  2 rh , S  2 rh  2 r 2 · V   r 2 h
percentage increase in its area is
 Cone: If r is the base radius , h is the height, 1) 0.6 2) 1.2 3) 2.4 4) 0.12
l is the slant height ,  is the semivertical angle 10. In measuring the circumference 100cm of a
 is the vertical angle , L is the lateral surface circle, there is an error of 0.05 cm then the
area , S is the total surface area and V is the percentage error in its area is
volume of a (right circular ) cone then 1 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4) 1
r 10 5 100
i) l 2  r 2  h 2 , ii) Tan  11. When the radius of a sphere decreases from
h
3 cm to 2.98 cm then the approximate
iii)   2 , iv) L   rl (or) L   r r 2  h 2 decrease in volume of sphere is
1 2 1) 0.002  cm3 2) 0.072  cm3
v) S   rl   r 2 vi) V   r h
3 3) 0.72  cm3 4) 0.008 cm3
 Simple pendulum: If l is the length, T is the 12. If the percentage error in the surface area
period of oscillation of a simple pendulum and g is of sphere is k, then the percentage error in
the acceleration due to gravity then, T  2 l / g its volume is
 An electric current 'C' is measured by tangent 3k 2k k 4k
galvonometer. If  is the deflection of the 1) 2) 3) 4)
2 3 3 3
galvonometer then C  Tan  1 
13. If an error of   % is made in measuring
 10 
LEVEL - I : EXECISE-I the radius of a sphere then percentage error
x2 in its volume is
1. If f x    3 x where
1) 0.3 2) 0.03 3) 0.003 4) 0.0003
2
x  2,  x  0.05 then df = 14. The area of square is 9sq cms and the error
1) 2.5 2) 0.25 3) 2.635 4) 2.652 in its is 0.02 sq.cm The percentage error in
the measurement of the length of the diagonal
1 of the square is
2. If y  2 ; x  1; x  0.01 then approximate
x 2 1 4 1
error in 'y' is. 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) -0.02 2) 2 3) 0.06 4) 0.02 9 9 9 3

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 ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV
15. The height of a cylinder is equal to its radius.  a  2 R cos A A,  b  2 R cos B B
If an error of 1% is made in its height. Then
the percentage error in its volume is a  2 R sin A, b  2 R sin B ,  A   B  0
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 7. f  x   log x, x  4,  x  0.01
16. If the period of oscillation of a simple
pendulum is increased by a% then the f  x   x f  x  f 1  x  x
percentage increase in its length is  2
1) a/2 2) a 3) 2a 4) 1/2 8.  A  dA, A  x , x  dia meter
17. Pressure P and Volume V of a gas are 4
connected by the relation 9. A   r 2 , r  5,  r  0.06
1
4
10. 4 A  C 2
PV  C (constant).The percentage increase
4
1 11. V   r 3 , r  3,  r  0.02,  v  dv
in p corresponding to a diminition of % in 3
2
1
 s  2 , V %  3  s% 
3
the volume is V
12.
1 1 1 1 6  2
1) 2) 3) 4) V %  3 S %
2 4 8 16 13.
18. The voltage E of a thermo couple as a
function of temperature T is given by 14. A=9,   2x ,  A  0.02 , A  x 2
E  6.2T  0.0002T 3 when T changes from 2 1A
A  , 1%  100
1000 to 1010 the approximate change in E is 2 2 A
1) 12 2) 12.1 3) 12.12 4)12.2 15 h  r and v   h3 , V %  3  h% 
19. The percentage error in measuring the side
of a cube is 0.5 percentage error in volume  1
is 16. T  2 , T %   % 
g 2
1) 1/2 2) 1 3) 3/2 4) 2
20. If there is an error of 0.04cm in the  1   1 
17. P%     
measurement of the diameter of sphere then  2  4 
the percentage error in its volume, when
radius is 10 cm (EAM-2014) 18. T  1000 ,  T  1 ,  E  6.2 T  0.0006T 2 . T
1) 1.2 2) 0.06 3) 0.006 4) 0.6 19. v  x3
EXECISE-I-KEY v x 
 100  3   100 
01) 2 02) 4 03) 1 04) 1 05) 2 06) 3 v  x 
07) 3 08) 3 09) 3 10) 1 11) 3 12) 1 0.04
20. Given r    0.02; r  10
13) 1 14) 2 15) 3 16) 3 17) 3 18) 4 2
19) 3 20) 4 4 3
Volume , V   r
EXECISE-I-HINTS 3
Take log on both sides & diff.
1. df  f 1  x   x V r
  100  3. 100  0.6
2.  f  f 1  x x V r
3. f  x   x , x  1,  x  0.02 EXECISE-II
1
f  x   x f  x  f  x x 1. If f(x)= 3x 2  x where x =1 and  x  0.02
4. f  x   x , x  32,  x  1
5
then  f =
f  x   x f  x  f 1  x  x 1) 0.1012 2) 1.012 3) 0.101 4) 0.1
2 x
5. f  x   cos x, x  60,  x  10 2. The differential of f  x   at x=0 and
1
2x
f  x   x   f  x  f  x x  x  0.15 is
6. A  B  C  180 1) 0.07 2) 0.075 3) -0.075 4) 015

104 Velammal Bodhi IIT Academy

 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS
JEE MAIN - VOL - I VOL-IV JR MATHS
ERRORS - IB
AND APPROXIMATIONS

3. The approximate value of 50 is error of 0.02 cm in both the measurements

1) 7.0704 2) 7.0741 3) 7.0714 4) 7.0785 then the error in its volume is
1 1) 2.5 c.c. 2) 25 c.c
4. Approximate value of 3 is 3) 0.25 c.c 4) 0.025 c.c
8.08
1) 0.49 2) 0.4983 3) 0.48 4) 0.483 16. If the length of simplependulum decreases
5. If 10 =0.01745 radians .Then the approximate by 3% then the percentage error in the period
T is decreased by
value of tan 460 is 1) 2 2) 2.5 3) 1.8 4) 1.5
1) 1.0259 2) 1.0394 3) 1.0349 4) 1.0493 17. The pressure p and volume v of a gas are
6. If the sides of ABC are changed slightly connected by the relation PV=C (constant).
but its circum radius remains constant then If  p and  v are the errors respectively in p
a b c C . v
   and v.Then the approximate value of 2 is
cos A cos B cos C v
1) 0 2) a+b+c 3) A+B+C 4) 2R
1 1
7. If log 3  1.0986 then the approximate value 1)  p 2)  p 3) 4)
of log  3.01 is p p
1) 1. 1109 2) 1.1019 3) 1.0019 4) 1.1119 18. In a tangent galvanometer the current is
8. In a circle the relative error in the area is ... proportional to the tangent of angle of
times the relative error in its circumference deflection. If the defelction is 450 and error
1 of 1% is made in reading it , the percentage
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) error in the current is
2
9. If the relative error in the radius of a circle   
1)  2) 3) 4)
is 0.2 then the relative error in its area is 2 3 4
1) 0.2 2) 0.1 3) 0.4 4) 0.3 EXECISE-II-KEY
10. The circumference of a circle is measured as
28cm with an error of 0.01 cms. Then the 01) 1 02) 3 03) 3 04) 2 05) 3 06) 1
percentage error in the area of the circle is 07) 2 08) 2 09) 3 10) 4 11) 3 12) 1
2 1 2 1 13) 3 14) 3 15) 1 16) 4 17) 1 18) 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
21 7 7 14 EXECISE-II-HINTS
11. The diameter of a sphere is measured to be
9cm with possible error of 0.05 cms. Then 1.  f  f  x   x  f  x 
the relative error in the volume of sphere is 2. use formula df  f 1  x   x
1) 1.67 2) 0.16
3. f  x   x , x  49,  x  1
3) 0.0167 4) 0.000167
12. If there is an error 0.01 cm in the diameter of f  x   x   f  x  f 1  x  x
a sphere when its radius is 5 cm. The 1
percentage error is its surface area = ......... 4. f  x   3 , x  8,  x  0.08
x
1) 0.2 2) 0.6 3) 0.5 4)  /10
13. If there is an error of 0.01% in the radius of f  x   x   f  x   f 1  x  x
a sphere then the percentage error in its 5. f  x   tan x, x  450 ,  x  10
volume
6. A  B  C  1800 ,  A   B   C  0
1) 0.005 cu.cms 2) 0.05 cu.cms
3) 0.03 cu.cms 4) 0.2 cu.cms a  2 R sin A , b  2R sin B , c  2r sin C
14. The approximate increase in area of a square  a  2Rcos A A,  b  2R cos B B
plate when the side expands from 3 cm to 3.01 a
 c  2Rcos C C , cos A  2 R A,
cm is
1) 0.001 sq .cms 2) 0.006 sq.cms b c
 2R B,  2R C,
3) 0.06 sq .cms 4) 0.01 sq .cms cos B cos C
15. The radius and height of a cylinder are a b c
   2R  A   B   C   2R 0  0
measured as 5 cm and 10 cm and there is an cos A cos B cos C

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 ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV

7. Let f  x   log x  x  3;  x  0.01 5 

1) cot 630 2) cot 630
36 36
 log  3.01  f  x   f   x  .  x 2 4
0.01 3) cot 630 4) cot 630
 1.0986  36 36
3
 1.0986  0.0033  1.1019 5. In a triangle ABC, the sides b,c are given . If
8. Observe the formula 4 A  C 2 there is an error  A in measuring angle A.
9. A   r2 Then error  a in the side a is
 c  100 . A 2. A 3. A
10. 4 A  c 2 , A%  2 1) 2) 3) bc sin A A 4)
c 2a a a
v x 6. If there are 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% errors in
11.  3. , x = diameter r , r1 , r2 , r3 then find the % error in area of
v x
triangle
s r  1) 10 2) 5 3) 6 4) 8
12. s  4 r 2 , s 100  2  r 100  7. The focal length of a mirror is given by
4 1 1 2
13. V   r 3  V %  3r %   . If equal errors  are made in
3 v u f
14. A  x 2 , x  3cm,  x  0.01cm measuring u and v. Then relative error in f is
2
(EAM-2013)
15. V   r 2 h ,  v    2rh r  r  h  2 1 1 1 1 3
1) 2)     3)     4)
  u v u v 
16. T  2 8. A circular hole of 4 cms diameter and 12 cms
g
deep in a metal block is rebored to increase
17. pv  c  p v  v p  0 the diameter to 4.12 cm. then the amount of
v v metal approximately removed is
c 2 p   p
v v 1) 2.88 cu.cms 2) 3.99  cu.cms
18. c tan  , c  k tan  3) 3.79  cu.cms 4) 3.725  cu.cms
  9. A balloon is in the form of right circular
 100  1    cylinder of radius 1.5 m and length 4m and is
 100 surmounted by hemispherical ends. If the
radius is increased by 0.01 m and the length
LEVEL - II : EXECISE-I by 0.05m, the percentage change in the
volume of the balloon is
1. The radius and height of a cone are measured 1) 2.389 2) 2.489 3) 2.0389 4) 2.589
as 6cms each by scale in which there is an EXECISE-I-KEY
error of 0.01 cm in each cm. Then the
approximate error in its volume is 1) 2 2) 4 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2
1) 216 c.c 2) 2.16 c.c 6) 2 7) 2 8) 1 9) 1
3) 21.6 c.c 4) 0.216 c.c
2. The height and slant height of a cone are EXECISE-I-HINTS
measured as 15cms and 25cms. Errors 2% 1. r  h  6cm   r   h  6  0.01  0.06cm
are to allowed in both of these lengths. The 1
possible error in its volume is V   r 3  V   r 2  r
3
1) 30  c.c 2) 60  c.c 3)100  c.c 4)120  c.c 2h 2l
3. If there is an error 0.04 sq.cms in the surface 2. h  15cm,  h  , l  25cm   l  ,
area of a sphere then the error in its volume 100 100
when the radius is 30cms is
1 
1) 0.06.c.c 2) 0.006c.c 3) 0.6 c.c 4) 0.0006 c.c v   r 2h ,  v 
3 3
r 2
 h  h .2 r r 
4. The area of triangle is measured in terms of 3
b,c, A. If A= 630 and there is an error of 151 1 2
3. v s
in A; the percentage error in the area is 6 
106 Velammal Bodhi IIT Academy
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS
JEE MAIN - VOL - I VOL-IV JR MATHS
ERRORS - IB
AND APPROXIMATIONS

1 6. The possible percentage error in computing

0 1
4. Area S  bc sin A, A  63 ,  A  15 the parallel resistance R of three resistances
2 1 1 1 1
15   s
   100  cot A  A 100
R1 , R2 , R3 from the formula R  R  R  R ,
, 1 2 3
60 180 s
15  5 if R1 , R2 , R3 are each in error by 1.2%
 cot 63  100  cot 630
60 180 36 1) 1.2 2) 1.3 3) 1.3 4) 1.7
5. a 2  b2  c 2  2bc cos A , 2a a  2bc sin A A 7. The distance S travelled by a particle is
1 2
calculated using the formula S  ut  at .
6.  2  rr1r2 r3 , 2%  r %  r1 %  r2 %  r3 % 2
If there is 1% error in t, the approximate
7.  x   v    21  v  u12  u  22  f percentage error in S is
v f
 u  at   u  at 
8. D=4cm, h=12cm,  D  0.12cm , v   r 2 h 1)  2u  at  2) 2  2u  at 
   
 v   h  2 r  (h is constant) 1  u  at   u  at 
3) 2  2u  at  4)  3u  at 
   
2 2 3 2 3 8. In measuring the circumference of a circle,
9. Volume V   r h   r   r
3 3 there is an error of 0.05 cm. If with this error
2 4 3 v the circumference of the circle is measured
  r h   r , Find  100
3 v as c cm, then the error in area is
0.025c 0.25c
EXECISE-II 1) sq cm 2) sq cm
 
1. The radius and height of a cone are measured 0.0025c 0.00025c
3) sq cm 4) sq cm
as 8cm , 8cm by a scale in which there is an  
error of 0.01cm in each cm. The error in the 9. The maximum error in T due to possible
volume of the cone is errors upto 1% in l and 2.5% in g where
1) 512 c.c 2) 51.2 c.c period T of a simple pendulum is
3) 5.12 c.c 4) 0.512 c.c T  2 l / g
2. If the ratio of the base radius and height of a 1) 1.75% 2) 1.57% 3) 1.68% 4) 1.73%
cone is 1:2 and percentage error in the
radius is k then percentage error in volume EXECISE-II-KEY
is 1) 3 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 5) 4
1) k 2) 2k 3) 3k 4) 4k 6) 1 7) 2 8) 1 9) 1
3. The radius of a cylinder is half of its height.
Error in the measurement of the raidus is EXECISE-II-HINTS
0.5% then percentage error in its surface 1 
1. v   r 2 h ,  v   r 2 h  2hr r 
area is 3 3
1) 5 2) 1 3) 1.5 4) 2 r 1
2.  , r%  k ,
4. The area of a triangle is calculated by 1/2 h 2
bcsinA. The angle A is found to be 300 with 1 2
an error of 10 minutes then the percentage v   r 2 h , v   r 2h , v % =3r% =3k.
3 3
error in its area is h
1) 0.504 2) 0.5 3) 5.04 4) 0.54 3. r  , s  2 rh  2 r 2
5. The length of a wire is 3 cms and the error in 2
it is 0.01 cm . If the wire is bent to form an r %  0.5% s  6 r 2 , s%  2r %
equilateral triangle, error in its area is 1
4. A  300 , B  bc sin A
0.1 0.01 0.01 2
1) 0.01 2) 3) 4) 1
2 3 3 2 3  A   0.01745  ,  %  cot A. A 100 
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 ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-IV
measurement of c, is
3 2  3 2
5.   3 x, A  x , x  ,A
4 3 4 9  1 1 1 1 
1 1 1 1
1)      c
4  s s  a s b s c 
6.   
R R1 R2 R3
differentiation on both sides 1 1 1 1 1 
2)      c
1 1 1 1 4 s sa sb sc 
 2 R   2 R1  2 R2  2 R3
R R1 R2 R3  1 1 1 1 
R 3) 4  s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
100  
Find
R
7. taking logarithms and differentiate  1 1 1 1 
4)      c
c 0.05 s s a s b s c 
8. 2 r  c,  c  0.05cm , r  , sr 
2 2 LEVEL-III-KEY
c 0.05 0.025c
 A  2 r .sr  2 . .  1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1
2 2 
9. T  2 l / g LEVEL-III-HINTS
log T  log 2  1/ 2log l 1/ 2log g 1. 1/3
f  x , taking x  0.008 , x  0.001
LEVEL - III 2. f  x 2  y 2  z 2 , taking
1. The approximate value of  0.007 
1/3 x  2, y  4, z  4
x  0.03, y  0.02, z  0.02
1) 0.1919 2) 0.1619 3) 0.1816 4) 0.1716
3. x  4, y  2 , x  0.08, y  0.1
2. The approximate value of 4 1/6
2 2 2
f   x2  3 y 
1.97    4.02    3.98 a b
4.  differentiate
1) 5.99 2) 5.099 3) 5.009 4) 5.734 sin A sin B
3. The approximate value of 5.   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
1/6
 3.92 2
 3  2.1
4
 1
log   [(log s  log  s  a 
2
1) 2.0466 2) 2.755 3) 2.345 4) 2.732 a bc
4. In an acute angled triangle ABC, if sides a, b  log  s  b   log  s  c ] , S 
2
be constants and the base angles A and B
vary then LEVEL - IV
A B
1)  1. If the side of a cube is 10 cm and error in it is
a 2  b2 sin 2 A b2  a 2 sin 2 B
0.05cm then match the following and
A B
2)  Choose correct answer
2 2 2
b  a sin A a  b2 sin 2 B
2

A B I: Error in surface area of cube A)15

3) 
2 2
a sin A  b 2
a sin 2 B  b2
2 II:Percentage error in surface area B) 6
A B III:error in volume C)1.5
4) 
a 2  b 2 sin 2 A b 2  a 2 sin 2 B IV. Percentage error in volume D) 0.05
5. With the usual meaning for a, b, c and s if 
be the area of a triangle then the error in  E)1
resulting from a small error in the 1) B,D,E,A 2) A,C,E,D 3) A,C,B,E 4) B,E,A,C
108 Velammal Bodhi IIT Academy
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS
JEE MAIN - VOL - I VOL-IV JR MATHS
ERRORS - IB
AND APPROXIMATIONS
2. Assertion (A): If semi vertical angle of a cone 6. Observe the following statements
is 450 and height is 30.05 cm then I: If the radius of spherical ball is increased
1
approximate volume of cone is 9045.08  c.c by % then approximate increase in
2
Reason (R): When semi vertical angle is 450 volume is 1%
approximate error in volume is dv   r 2  h II: In measuring the radius and height of a
1) A is false R is true 2) A is true R is false cone as 5 cm, 10 cm there are errors 0.02
3) A, R are true and R  A, 4) A, R both false cm, 0.01 cm respectively. Then error in
3. Assertion(A): Approximate value of volume approximately is 2.25 c.c
3000
1.0002  is 1.6 Correct statement is
Reason(R): For the differentiable function 1)only I 2)only II 3)both I and II 4)neither I nor II
1
f  x   x  f  x  f  x  . x where  x is LEVEL-IV - KEY
change in x. 1) 4 2) 1 3) 1 4) 4 5) 3 6) 4
The correct answer is LEVEL-IV - HINTS
1) A,R are true and R  A 1. x = 10 cm ,  x  0.05
2) A,R are true R  A 2. θ  450 , h  30,  h  0.05
3) A is true R is false 4) A is false R is true 1
v   h3 ,  v   h 2  h  45
4. Assertion(A): If the length (l) of the simple 3
pendulum is decreased by 4% then decrease 3. Assertion : f  x  x3000 , x 1, x  0.0002
in its time period (T) is 2%
f  x   x f  x  f 1  x   x
n
Reason(R): If y  x ratio of percentage = 1 + 3000 x 0.0002=1.6
errors in y and x is 1: n l
 100  4
1) Both A ,R are true and R is correct explanation 4. Assertion :
l
of A. 2 1
log T  log  log l
2) Both A,R are true but R is not correct g 2
explanation of A. 5. i. use a 2  b2  c 2  2bc cos A
3) A false R is true, 4) A is true R is false 1 2
ii.   450 , r  h , v   r h
5. Which of the following statements are true 3
I: In ABC ,b,c are fixed and error in A is 1
v   r 3   v   r 2 r
2  . A 3
 A then error is a  r 1 4
a 6. i.  100  , v   r 3
r 2 3
II: If semi vertical angle of a cone is 45 then
0

4
error in volume is base area times of error  log v  log  3log r
3
in radius
ii. r  5, h  10cm,  r  0.02,  h  0.01
1) only I 2) only II
1 
3) both I and II 4) neither I nor II v   r 2 h ,   v   2rh r   r 2 h 
3 3

Velammal Bodhi IIT Academy 109