Total No. of Printed Pages—4 4 SEM TDC MTMH (CBCS) C 8 2022 ( June/July ) MATHEMATICS (‘Core ) ~ Paper’: C-8 ( Numerical Methods ) Full Marks : 60 Pass Marks:: 24 Time : 3 hours The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions Use of scientific catculator is allowed 1. (a) Write True or False : - 1 An exact number may be regarded as an approximate number with error zero. (®) Define round-off error and truncation error, . 141-2 22P/1274 { Turn Over )2. 22P/1274 (o (@) (} (¢) fa), (2) ‘The number x =37-46235 is rounded off to four significant figures. Compute the absolute error and relative error. 141-2 Write True or False : A transcendental equation may have no roots. Find a real root of the equation x3-3x+1=0 -by the method of bisection correct up to three decimal places. Or Find a real root’ of the equation x3 -x-10=0 by the method of secant, correct up to three decimal places. Describe Newton's method for solution of an algebraic équation. Or Determine the real root of 2x~3sinx-5=0 by Newton’s method correct up to three decimal places. Solve X) $X_— xy =2 2x, +3x2 +5x3 =-3 Bx, +2x -3xq =6 by Gaussian elimination method. 1 5 ( Continued } (3) or Find the solution of the system 83x41 ly-42=95 7x +52y+132=104 3x+8y+292=71 by Gauss-Seidel method (obtain three iterations). (b) Describe Gauss-Jordan method. Or Solve by Gauss-Jacobi method S$x+2y+e=12 x+4y+2z2=15 x+2y+5z=20 4. (a) Show that A~V=AV. (b} Deduce- Lagrange’s: —_ interpolation formula. (c) Applying — Newton’s _ interpolation formula, compute../5-5° (given . that V5 =2-236, ¥6=2-449, V7 =2-646, V8 =2-828). Or Define. interpolation. Write the underlying assumptions for the validity of the ‘various methods used’ for interpolation. 22P/1274 { Turn Over }C4) 5. (a) Deduce trapezoidal rule for. numerical: integration... 5 () Bvatuate f° x%dx, by using Simpson's } rule. . 5 (Evaluate “the integral of Fls)=1+e™* sin4x over the interval (0, 1 using Boole's ule fusing exactly. five functional evaluations). : 5 Or Use the” midpoint’ rule with: M=5 to approximate the integral fi (t+ x2) "ate. 6. (a) Describe Euler's: method for first-order and first-degree differential equation. 5 (b) Using the Runge-Kutta method of fourth, © cerder, find. the numerical’ solution’ at ds x=0-8: for Yixsy, 4)=0-41, or TY YO-A)= assume the step length. h =0-2: 5 Or Given Morey, yO) =1, . compute’ y0.-3) by Buler’s method taking A= 0-1. ke 22P-2500/1274 4 SEM TDC MTMH (CBCS} C8Total No. of Printed Pages—4 4 SEM TDC MTMH (CBCS8) C 9 2022 (June/July } MATHEMATICS (Core ) Paper: C-9 ( Riemann Integration and Series of Functions ) Full Marks : 80 Pass Marks : 32 Time : 3 hours ‘The figures in the margin indicate full marks ° for the questions 1. (a) ‘State two partitions of the interval (1, 2] such that one is a refinement of the other. 1 (©) Consider the function’ f(x) =x on: [0, 1} and the partitions Onixy-Z, j-042 3,4, 5, 6} Determine the lower sums and upper sums of fwith respect to P and @. State the relations between Lif, Pland Lf, Q} UY, P) and Ulf, OQ). 4 22P/1275 { Turn Over )(2) Or For a bounded function f on [a, b] with its bounds m and M, show that mba} < Lf, P) SUL, P)< Mb~a) ” for any partition P of [a b). 2. (a) Define a tagged portion of @ closed interval. Define Riemann sum of 4 bounded function. 11-2 (b), Let f:[a 6}2R be integrable. Then show that” |fEeroaae! < Piyeatde fo) Answer any four questions from the following : 5x4=20 fj Let f za b|+R be bounded and monotonic. ‘Then show that f is integrable: fi) Let ff )>R be continuous. ++ Then show that fis integrable. fii) Let f sla} 3R be integrable. Define F on [a, b| as Fixj= [reoat; x¢ [@, bl, Show that Fis continuous on [a bh fv) Let f be continuous on fa, |. Show that there exists'é¢ [@, b such that 1 pyliwes0 3 22P/1275 ( Continued ) fa) (b) @ (@ 0} @ @ 22P/1278 (3) (vy) Show that if f:[a bJoR- is integrable, then | fis integrable on [a B). . (vi) Let f:[ab)>R be’ Riemann integrable. Then ‘show that“ is bounded on [a, H. Discuss the convergence of [° = for x various values of p. Attempt any one : Show thai— @ Bim, n) = Ber, m fi) T n+) =n; meN Show that [> x" ""e*de exists. Define pointwise convergence of sequence of functions. Define uniform convergence of sequence of functions. State and prove Weierstrass M-test for the series of functions. State and prove Cauchy’s criterion for uniform convergence of a’ series of functions. . Or Let fy 1 GRR converge uniformly on Jto f. Let f, Vn is continuous at ae J. Then show that f is continuous at a { Turn Over )(e) (9) @) C) fd) 22P—2500/1275 (4) Let {fa} be a sequence .of continuous functions on (a, and f, > f uniformly on (a, # Show that fis continuous and therefore integrable. Establish that Preade = tim Pf, bbe 4 Let fa: (@ b)>R be differentiable. Let there exist functions f and g defined on. (a5) such that f,3f and fig uniformly on (@ 8). Show that f is differentiable and f’ = on (a 4). Consider the function” f, :ROR defined by f,() =". show that ifn) converges pointwise and uniformly to the zero function. 5 Define a power series around a real number.c. Give an example of power series around the origin. 141=! Define radius of convergence of a power series. Show that the radius of convergence R of a power series ¥\a,x" is given by 1 =tim| 21 R ay State and prove Cauchy-Hadamard theorem. Show that if the series Sia, converges, then the power Series S'a,.x" converges: uniformly on 0, 1}. ek 4 SEM TDC MTMH (CBCS) C 9Total No, of Printed Pages~7 4 SEM TDC MTMH (CBCS) C 10 2022 { June/July } MATHEMATICS (Core } Paper : C-10 ( Ring Theory and Linear Algebra—I) Full Marks : 80 Pass Marks : 32 Time : 3 hours The figures in the margin indicate full marks Jor the questions 1. (a) Give an example of a ring without unity. 1 fb) Define unit element in a ring. L (} .1f the unity and the zero element of a ring R are equal, show that R={0}, where 0 is the zero element of R. 2 22P/1276 (Turn Over }@ fe) @ 22P/1276 (2) Give an example of a subring which is not an ideal. 2 If Z is an ideal of a ring R with unity such that 1¢ J, show that I=R. 2 Show that Z,, is not an integral -domain. 2 Show that every field is an integral domain. Give an example to show that every integral domain is not necessarily a field, 44195 Or Define characteristic of a ring. Prove that the characteristic of an integral domain is 0 or a prime. 14-5 Show that if A and B are two ideals of ring R, then A+B is an ideal of R containing both A and B, where AtB=(atblae A beB 5 Or Show that in a Beolean ring R, every prime ideal P#R is maximal. 5 ( Continued j (3) fa) Define kernel of a ring homomorphism. 1 () If f:R-R’ be a ring homomorphism, show that f-a) =-f(a- 2 fc) Let R be a commutative ring with char (R)=2. Show that ¢: R-»R defined by (x)= x? is a ring homomorphism. 2 id) Let a aff ha ner} and ¢:R>Z defined by a (sh Find ker 2 fe) let f:R->R’ be an onto homomor- phism, where ® is a ring with’ unity. Show that /(l) is the unity of FR’. 3 Or Prove that a homomorphism f:R->R’ is one-one if and only if ker f = {0}. 3 { Turn. Over } 22P/127622P/1276 ) (a) {4) Show that the relation of isomorphism in rings is an equivalence relation. Or Let A, B be two ideals of a ring R. Show that A+B B A AnB Is Ra vector space over C? Define zero subspace of a vector space. For x = (x, Xg) and y= (th, Yo) of R? and aeR, let x+y=(1 +4, X2+¥2) and ax = a(x, X9) = (0, 0). Is R? a vector space with respect to above operations? Justify your answer. Let V be a vector space of all 2*2 matrices over the field. R of real numbers. Show that the set Sof all 2x2 singular matrices over R is not a subspace of V. 1e1=2 fe @ 4. @ (b) 22P/1276 (5) Consider the vectors 4 =(1,2,3) and vp =@ 3,1) in R3(Q), Find k so that u=(l,k4) is a linear combination of vy and v2. 2 Show that the. vectors 1 =(, 1,0), v2 =(1,3, 2) and v2 = (4,9, §) are linearly dependent in R°4). 3 Prove that any basis ‘of a finite dimensional vector space is finite. 4 Or Let W, and Wp be two subspaces of a finite-dimensional vector space. Then show that dim(W, + Wp) =ditn W; +dim Wp dim (WA Wa) 4 Let T be a linear transformation from a vector space U to a vector space V over the field #. Prove that the range of Tis a subspace of V. 3 Examine whether the mappings are linear or not : following 242R4 @ 7T:R* 4R? defined by Tx, 4 2) = (lah yt {Turn Over }@ (@ fe) 22P/1276 (6) (i) 7 :R? +R? defined by Tx v=e+ yx) If T:R? 5 R® defined by Tes y= K+ x-u ) is a linear transformation, find the rank and nullity of 7. 444-8 Let T be a linear operator on R? defined by Tx, x2) =(x, 0}. Find the matrix of T with respect to the basis {vy, Ua}, where ¥% =(,1) and vz =Q,-1). Let T: V-+U be a linear transformation. Show that dim = rank T+ nullity 7 Or Prove that a linear transformation T:V 3 U is non-singular if and only if T carries each linearly independent subset of V onto a linear independent subset of U. { Continued } (7) Define isomorphism of vector spaces. Prove that the mapping a b ( grease from M,(R) to R* is an isomorphism. 5 Or Prove that every n-dimensional vector space over a field F is isomorphic toF™. 5 Re 22P-2500/1276 4 SEM TDC MTMH (CBCSj C 10