CCMM 907: Spread Spectrum

Commun|cat|ons
Lecture 10
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
S. Mu|t|carr|er Spread Spectrum Systems
(Cont.)
FH/BFSK System over AWGN Channel - MC
1ransmlLLer:
{ } 1 , 1
k
a
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
Block diagram of the MC-FH/BFSK transmitter
BFSK
Mod. 1
BFSK
Mod. 2
Hopper 1
S(t)
( ) [ ] ) ( 2 exp 2 ) (
,
1
b T d l k l
k
L
l
kT t P t f a f j P t s
b
+ =

Tx. Sig.
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
Serial to
parallel
converter
BFSK
Mod. L
Hopper 2
Hopper L
.
.
.
Information
Bit
L copies of
.
.
.
The transmitter block diagram of MC-FH system with coherent BFSK
FH/BFSK System - Transmitted Signal of MC
The transmitted frequency hopped signal is given by
( ) [ ] ) ( 2 exp 2 ) (
, b T d l k l
L
kT t P t f a f j P t s
b
+ =

Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications

Where:
is the spacing between carrier frequencies
,
1
b T d l k l
k l
b

=
d
f
In]8ISk rece|ver - 8|ock d|agram of the MC
Dehopper 1
+
-
+
Re( . ) Decision
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
Dehopper 2
Dehopper
r(t)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
+
-
Z
k
Re( . ) Decision
block
The receiver block diagram
of MC-FH system with
coherent BFSK
In]8ISk rece|ver (Cont.) - 8|ock d|agram of the MC
MC-lP/8lSk recelver:
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
The real part of the sum of the difference output, , of these correlators
of all sub bands gives the decision variable, , which is then compared to
zero threshold to make a decision about the information bit corresponding
to that interval.
m k
Z
,
k
Z
erformance of MC-In]8ISk over AWGN Channe|
WlLhouL loss of generallLy, we wlll conslder Lhe recelved slgnal ln
Lhe lnLerval correspondlng Lo Lhe zero blL. ln Lhe blL lnLerval zero,
Lhe recelved slgnal ls glven by
( ) ) ( 2 exp 2 ) (
, 0
1
t n t f a f j P t r
d l l
L
l
+ + =

=

Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications

ConsequenLly Lhe ouLpuL of Lhe lLh dehopper, , ls glven by
( ) t q
i
) 2 exp( ) ( ) ( 2 exp 2
) 2 exp( ) ( ) (
, 0
1
t f j t n t f a f f j P
t f j t r t q
i d l i l
L
l
i i

+ + =
=

=
In]8ISk over AWGN Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC
1he ouLpuL of Lhe -Lh subband correlaLor, , ls glven by
i
Z
, 0
( ) [ ]dt t f f j t n
T
dt t f f a f f j P
T
Z
d i
T
T
L
l
d d l i l
b
i
b
b
+ +
+ =
}
}

2 exp ) (
1
] ) ( 2 exp[ 2
1
0
1
, 0 , 0
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
( ) [ ]
( ) ( )dt t f f j t n
T
dt t f f a f f j P
T
dt t f f j t n
T
d i
T
b
T
L
l
d d l i l
b
d i
b
b
b

+ +
+ +
}
}

}
=

2 exp ) (
1
] ) ( 2 exp[ 2
1
2 exp ) (
0
0
1
, 0
0
In]8ISk over AWGN Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC
As Lhe dlfferenL carrlers are orLhogonal, Lhe lnLegral ln Lhe flrsL
Lerm of Lhe prevlous equaLlon ls nonzero only for and
oLherwlse equal Lo zero. Assumlng LhaL Lhe LransmlLLed blL aL Lhe
lnLerval number zero, , ls equal Lo, 1, where ,
consequenLly we have:
l
a
, 0
L l 1
i l =
i i
n P Z + = 2
, 0
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
where ls Lhe complex nolse componenL aL Lhe lLh subband
correlaLor and lL ls glven by:
i i
n P Z + = 2
, 0
i
n
( ) [ ] ( )
(

+ =
} }
dt t f f j t n dt t f f j t n
T
n
d i
T
d i
T
b
i
b b
) 2 exp( ) ( 2 exp ) (
1
0 0

In]8ISk over AWGN Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC
1he declslon varlable ls equal Lo
Where
As Lhe carrlers are orLhogonal, are lndependenL and ldenLlcally
dlsLrlbuLed (l.l.d.) Causslan random varlables. ConsequenLly, ls
k
Z
N P L Z Z
L
i
i k
+ =
)
`

=

=
2 Re
1
, 0

=
=
L
i
i
n N
1
) Re(
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
dlsLrlbuLed (l.l.d.) Causslan random varlables. ConsequenLly, ls
Causslan random varlables wlLh zero mean and varlance,
(See Appendlx for proof)
b
N
T
L N
0
2
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
2
N
z
e
k
Q P

In]8ISk over AWGN Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
0
2
2
2
2
2
LN
L PT
Q
Q P
b
N
z
e
k

Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.

\
0
0
0
2
N
L E
Q
N
L PT
Q
LN
b
b
bit per energy the is PT E
b b
=

Compare w|th s|ng|e carr|er and d|fferent L

13 10 3 0 Sn8
(d8)
Fill the following Table and plot the curves of
Pe versus SNR=Eb/No
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
(d8)
e
e
e
L=5
L=10
L=1
In]8ISk over I|at Iad|ng Channe| - MC
1he same LransmlLLer
1he recelver assumes perfecL channel esLlmaLlon and lLs
block dlagram ls shown ln Lhe followlng flgure.
1he recelver ls slmllar Lo Lhe non-fadlng case, buL Lhe
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
1he recelver ls slmllar Lo Lhe non-fadlng case, buL Lhe
dlfference ls we mulLlply by Lhe con[ugaLe of Lhe fadlng
parameLers where

L
g g g ..., , ,
2 1
In]8ISk rece|ver over Iad|ng Channe| - MC
( ) ( ) t f a f j P t s
d l k l k ,
2 exp 2 ) ( + =
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
) ( ) ( ) (
1

=
+ =
L
l
l l
t n g t s g t r
erformance of MC-In]8ISk over Iad|ng Channe|
WlLhouL loss of generallLy, we wlll conslder Lhe recelved slgnal ln
Lhe lnLerval correspondlng Lo Lhe zero blL. ln Lhe blL lnLerval zero,
Lhe recelved slgnal ls glven by
( ) ) ( 2 exp 2 ) (
, 0
1
t n g t f a f j g P t r
l d l l l
L
l
+ + =

=

Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications

ConsequenLly Lhe ouLpuL of Lhe lLh dehopper, , ls glven by
( ) t q
i
) 2 exp( ) ( ) ( 2 exp 2
) 2 exp( ) ( ) (
, 0
1
t f j t n g t f a f f j g P
t f j t r t q
i l d l i l l
L
l
i i

+ + =
=

=
In]8ISk over Iad|ng Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC
( ) [ ]dt t f f j t n g g
dt t f f a f f j g g S
T
Z
d i
T
l l
T
L
l
d d l i l l l
b
i
b
b
+ +
+ =

}
}

2 exp ) (
1
] ) ( 2 exp[ 2
1
0
1
, 0 , 0
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
( ) [ ]
( ) ( )dt t f f j t n g g
T
dt t f f a f f j g g S
T
dt t f f j t n g g
T
d i
T
l l
b
T
L
l
d d l i l l l
b
d i l l
b
b
b

+ +
+ +
}
}

2 exp ) (
1
] ) ( 2 exp[ 2
1
2 exp ) (
0
0
1
, 0
0
In]8ISk over Iad|ng Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC
As Lhe dlfferenL carrlers are orLhogonal, Lhe lnLegral ln Lhe flrsL
Lerm of Lhe prevlous equaLlon ls nonzero only for and
oLherwlse equal Lo zero. Assumlng LhaL Lhe LransmlLLed blL aL Lhe
lnLerval number zero, , ls equal Lo, 1, where ,
. ConsequenLly we have:
l
a
, 0
L l 1
i l =
n P Z + =

2
2

Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications

where ls Lhe complex nolse componenL aL Lhe lLh subband
correlaLor and lL ls glven by:
i
n
i i i
n P Z + =

2
2
, 0

( ) [ ] ( ) ( )
(

+ =
} }
dt t f f j t n dt t f f j t n
T
n
d i
T
d i
T
b
i
i
b b

2 exp ) ( 2 exp ) (
0 0
2
In]8ISk over Iad|ng Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC
1he declslon varlable ls equal Lo
Where
k
Z

=
=
L
i
i
n N
1
) Re(
N P Z Z
L
i
i
L
i
i k
+ =
)
`

=

= = 1
2
1
, 0
2 Re
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
As Lhe carrlers are orLhogonal, are lndependenL and ldenLlcally
dlsLrlbuLed (l.l.d.) Causslan random varlables. ConsequenLly, ls
Causslan random varlables wlLh zero mean and varlance,
b
L
i
i
N
T
N

=
=
1
2
0
2
2

In]8ISk over over Iad|ng Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC

{ } ( )
|
|
|

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

=
=
2
2
1
2
0
1
2
2
2
2
2
/
PT
N
PT
Q Q e P
L
i b
L
i
i
L
i
i b
N
z
i
k

Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications

bit per energy the is PT E
b b
=

|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
|
|
.

\
=

=
=
0
1
2
0
1
N
E
Q
N
PT
Q
L
i
i b
i
i b

In]8ISk over Iad|ng Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC

0
2
N E
b i i

=
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
In]8ISk over Iad|ng Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
Using the previous equations,
In]8ISk over Iad|ng Channe| (Cont.) - erformance of MC
1
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
(**)

5 . 0 1
5 . 0
+
=
Compar|son w|th s|ng|e carr|er
in (**)
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications

5 . 0 1
5 . 0
+
=
Compare with single carrier and different L
13 10 3 0 Sn8
(d8)
Fill the following Table and plot the curves of
Pe versus SNR=Eb/No
Dr. Ahmed El-Mahdy Spread Spectrum Communications
(d8)
e
e
e
L=5
L=10
L=1