5105-BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NATTRAMPALLI

Updated FAQ-2025

Sub code/name : CCS373 /Visual Effects Dept : IT

Staff : K.R.BUVANA,AP/IT Year/Sem : III/VI

UNIT 1 - ANIMATION BASICS

VFX production pipeline, Principles of animation, Techniques: Keyframe, kinematics, Full

animation, limited animation, Rotoscoping, stop motion, object animation, pixilation, rigging,
shape keys, motion paths.
PART-A
1. What is Animation? Write the types of animation.
2. What is the VFX Pipeline?
3. Identify two principles of animation from the VFX production pipeline. (Nov/Dec 2024)
4. Explain the pre-visualization process.
5. Define Rigging in 3D animation.
6. What are the key components of 3D rigging?
7. Mention the features of 3D Rigging.
8. What is Path animation?
9. What are Position markers and orientation markers?
10. What is Rotoscoping?
11. What is compositing?
12. Define keyframe animators. (Apr/May 2024)
13. List two techniques used in full animation besides keyframe and kinematics. (Nov/Dec 2024)
14. What changes can you make to keyframes?
15. Write the main types of keyframes.
16. What is Rotoscoping? (Nov/Dec 2023)
17. Define Pixilation. (Nov/Dec 2023)
18. Write the uses of Shape keys.
19. Difference between Relative shape key and Absolute shape key.
20. Draw the different types of interpolation in shape keys.
21. What is meant by Motion capture in animation? (Apr/May 2024)
22. What is Stop motion animation? Write the types of Stop motion animation.
23. Difference between Full animation and Limited animation.
24. What is Kinematics and give an example.
25. Difference between forward kinematics and inverse kinematics.

PART-B
1. Define visual effects with a neat diagram and explain about the Visual Effects Pipeline.
(Nov/Dec 2023)
 2. What is animation? Outline the principles of Keyframe animation with an example. (Nov/Dec
2023)
3. Explain the Rigging Process and examples of 3D Rigging use cases.
4. How the Kinematics helps in computer graphics. Explain it with neat diagrams.
5. Brief explanation of the 12 principles of animation?
6. Define motion path, and manipulate your object on the motion path animation.
7. Explain stop motion and explain any two types of stop motion techniques.
8. Illustrate a story of your own and explain the usage of stop motion, object animation, pixilation,
rigging, shape keys, motion paths. (Apr/May 2024)
9. Explain the principles of animation and their significance in the VFX production pipeline.
(Nov/Dec 2024)
10. Design a VFX production pipeline for a short animated film, outlining the key principles of
animation to be applied at each stage, and justify your choices. (Nov/Dec 2024)
11. Design an effective VFX pipeline for an animated film, integrating animation principles and
technniques like keyframes, rigging, and motion paths. Justify your choices and discuss how
each contributes to visual effects and storytelling. Evaluate challenges and solutions in
incorporating CGI, special effects, and lighting for realism and impact. (Nov/Dec 2024)
12. Explain the VFX toolkit, Visual effects layers, and principles of visual effects artists or students
of animation. (Apr/May 2024)
13. Write a note on the following:
a) Full animation
b) Limited animation
14. a) Explain the types of Rotoscoping?
b) Write the reasons for Rotoscoping with example.

UNIT II - CGI, COLOR, LIGHT

CGI – virtual worlds, Photorealism, physical realism, function realism, 3D Modeling and
Rendering: color
- Color spaces, color depth, Color grading, color effects, HDRI, Light – Area and mesh lights,
image based lights, PBR lights, photometric light, BRDF shading model
PART-A
1. Define CGI. (Nov/Dec 2023)
2. Define Rendering. (Nov/Dec 2023)
3. Define Virtual worlds. Write the applications.
4. Write the different types of Realism in Computer graphics.
5. What are the advanced techniques used in HDRI?
6. What is HDRI?
7. What are the building blocks of colors?
8. Define colors in visual effects.
9. Write the types of colors in painting with intent.
10. What are color spaces and write the key elements.
11. Define color depth in 3D modeling and rendering. (Nov/Dec 2024)
12. Define Color grading. (Apr/May 2024)
13. Write the advanced techniques in color grading.
14. Define color effects.
15. Write the benefits of color effects.
16. Define the term absolute color space.
17. What is mean by mesh light?
18. Write the conditions of PBR.
19. Difference between specular lighting and diffuse lighting.
20. What is micro facets?
21. Define BRDF.
22. List the features of photometric lights. (Apr/May 2024)
23. Write the common types of IBL used in modern rendering engines.
24. Draw the varying roughness of result in BRDF.
25. Define photorealism and physical realism. (Nov/Dec 2024)

PART-B
1. Explain Computer Generated Imagery? Write the use cases of CGI.
2. Describe about physically based rendering.
3. Discuss how color is represented and how colors interact with each other. Also explain about
color wheels, primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, and mathematical constraints of
representing proper color. (Apr/May 2024)
4. Explain about BRDF Shading model. (Nov/Dec 2023)
5. Briefly explain about image based lights with examples.
6. Write the basics of 3D modeling and explain with neat diagrams.
7. Discuss about how 3D modeling works differs from the type being used and write the real
world applications.
8. What is 3D rendering and how is it working?
9. Explain the concept of color grading and color effects.
10. Write the features of 3D rendering and explain with real time applications.
11. Describe the concept of photorealism in CGI and discuss its importance in creating immersive
virtual worlds. (Nov/Dec 2024)

12. Give a detailed note about Lighting with shadows, interacting with characters and
environment. Also explain the types of lighting. (Apr/May 2024)
13. Explain the following
i) Photometric light.
ii) Area and mesh lights.
14. Explain the following: (Nov/Dec 2023) (Nov/Dec 2024)
i. Photo realism
ii. Physical realism
iii. Function realism
 UNIT III - SPECIAL EFFECTS
Special Effects – props, scaled models, animatronics, pyrotechniques, Schüfftan process, Particle
effects – wind, rain, fog, fire
PART-A
1. What are SFX in movies?
2. Write the types of Special effects.
3. Name two types of special effects techniques involving animatronics. (Nov/Dec 2024)
4. Define the term Props.
5. Write the various categories of Props.
6. Explain the concept of Atmospheric effects.
7. Define the term Scaled models.
8. Write the various purposes of Scaled models in special effects.
9. Mention the two types of Scaled model and give examples for each.
10. What are the materials used to build Scaled models?
11.What is Animatronics?
12.How will you do reproduce animatronics? (Apr/May 2024)
13. What are the limitations were there in audio Animatronics?
14.What are the benefits of Animatronics? (Nov/Dec 2023)
15. Write the steps involved in formation of Animatronics.
16.What are Pyrotechnic effects? (Nov/Dec 2023)
17. What is Magic mirrors?
18.State Schufftan Process in filmmaking. (Apr/May 2024) (Nov/Dec 2024)
19.What is Particle Effects?
20.Write the components of particle systems.
21.What are the applications of particle systems.
22.Write the attributes used in Reeves particle systems.

PART-B
1. What is special effects? Explain the Props used in special effects.
2. Explain the use of Scaled models and props in creating special effects in films, highlighting
their role in enhancing realism. (Nov/Dec 2024)

3. i) Explain the early development of Animatronics.

ii) Write the formation of Animatronics.
4. Design a sequence involving multiple special effects such as animatronics and
pyrotechniques for a film scene. (Nov/Dec 2024)

5. Explain the Schufftan process with a neat diagram. (Nov/Dec 2023)

6. Explain the types of Particle visual effects? (Nov/Dec 2023)
7. Explain the implementation of Particle System with an example of your own.
8. How to create the rain effects in Blender, Explain it step by step with neat diagram.
9. Explain the creation Fog effects in Blender.
10. Summarize the following with appropriate special effects: Depending on the functionality of
the real-time rending engine, fogs, mists and other atmospherics can be produced as post-
process. These effects have no opportunity for interaction. (Apr/May 2024)
11. Show how Texture space scaling, offsetting, expanding, shrinking, and dynamically altering
vertex texture attributes are essential tools for animating texture images. (Apr/May 2024)
 12. Define scale in visual design. Why do scientists use scale models? How to construct a
scale model? Outline with example. (Nov/Dec 2023)
13. “A learning system based on formalized teaching but with the help of electronic resources
has to be created using the state of the art visual effects tools”. What special effects can be
added to the learning system? How these special effects will motivate learners? Outline.
(Nov/Dec 2023)

UNIT- 4 VISUAL EFFECTS TECHNIQUES

Motion Capture, Matt Painting, Rigging, Front Projection. Rotoscoping, Match Moving – Tracking, camera
reconstruction, planar tracking, Calibration, Point Cloud Projection, Ground plane determination, 3D Match
Moving

PART-A

1. What is matt painting? (Nov/Dec 2023)

2. Define rigging. (Nov/Dec 2023) (Apr/May 2024)
3. Difference between special effects and visual effects.
4. Define motion capture. (Nov/Dec 2024)
5. Write the techniques used in visual effects process.
6. Write the basic steps involved in motion capture.
7. What are the applications done through motion capture?
8. Write the 7 steps of digital matte painting.
9. What are the challenges of character rigging?
10. What does a rigger do?
11. Define Front projection effect.
12. What is Rotoscoping?
13. State the process of Matchmoving in VFX. (Nov/Dec 2024)
14. What is camera reconstruction?
15. Write the purpose of planar tracking? (Apr/May 2024)
16. What is corner pin tracking?
17. What is camera calibration? Write the types of it.
18. Write the types of distortion effects and their causes.
19. Define point cloud projections.
20. Explain the ground plane determination.
21. How will you evaluate the footage in matchmoving.

PART – B

1. What is planar tracking? Outline with an example. (Nov/Dec 2023)

2. Explain point cloud projection with an example. (Nov/Dec 2023)
3. What is motion capture and how does it work? Write its application in creating realistic
character animations in film. (Nov/Dec 2024)
4. Explain the process of Matte painting. Difference between matte painting and digital matte
painting.
5. How to rig a 3D model with neat diagram and Explain the character rigger works and
features.
6. Explain the front projection effect and write the pros and cons of it.
7. Discuss the role of rotoscoping in animation production and provide examples of how
rotoscoping is utilized in the industry. (Nov/Dec 2024)
8. (i)What are the steps to be followed in rotoscoping?
(ii) Explain the two nodes in Natron used for rotoscoping.
 9. Explain the process of matchmoving and types of matchmoving.
10. Outline the camera reconstruction pipeline and with system setup and programming
interface.
11. Describe the two camera calibration models with neat sketch.
12. Describe how virtual camera is acting as mathematical object which simulates optical
camera. Also explain how virtual camera solves Image synthesis and Calibration problems.
(Apr/May 2024)
13. Interpret the solution for the three problems of visual effects (Apr/May 2024)
(i) Camera calibration;
(ii) Global illumination; and
(iii) Image-based lighting.
14. Explain the ground plane determination with neat diagram.
15. Explain the matchmoving process workflow.
16. How the matchmoving does works in the production pipeline.
17. Design a visual effects plan for a film, integrating motion capture, rotoscoping, and match
moving. Discuss tools selection for compositing, including chroma keying and deep image
compositing. Evaluate their impact on the film’s aesthetic and narrative, proposing
strategies for seamless integration. (Nov/Dec 2024)
18. Demonstrate 3D Match Moving with real time planar tracking, Point Cloud projection,
Ground plane determination. (Apr/May 2024)

UNIT V – COMPOSITING

Compositing – chroma key, blue screen/green screen, background projection, alpha compositing, deep image
compositing, multiple exposure, matting, VFX tools - Blender, Natron, GIMP.

PART- A
1. Write a note on compositing. (Nov/Dec 2023)
2. List the usage of GIMP. (Nov/Dec 2023)
3. What are the different types of VFX compositing?
4. Mention the significance of Chroma key? (Apr/May 2024)
5. Define the concept of chroma key compositing and its use in filmmaking. (Nov/Dec 2024)
6. What skills and software knowledge are crucial for visual effects artists working with
multiple exposures in the film industry?
7. What are some challenges that VFX artists face when using Blender for creating complex
visual effects?
8. How can Natron enhance the visual effects in a video project?
9. What are the key features of Natron as a VFX tool?
10. What are some popular VFX tools available in Blender?
11. How can GIMP be used to enhance visual effects?
12. List two VFX tools used for compositing besides Blender and Natron. (Nov/Dec 2024)
13. Differentiate alpha compositing and deep image compositing. (Apr/May 2024)

PART- B
1. Briefly explain about the alpha compositing process. (Nov/Dec 2023) (Nov/Dec 2024)
2. Highlight the features of visual effects tools. Discuss with suitable example. (Nov/Dec 2023)
3. Write a short notes on chroma key and its process.
4. An interactive, visualization is almost generated as a real-time visual effect. Use appropriate
techniques and summarize the steps of scientific visualization. (Apr/May 2024)
5. i) What is Compositing? Write the different types of VFX compositing? Why we use
 compositing?
ii) Difference between blue screen and green screen.
6. Describe the work of Deep image compositing with loss function and metrics.
7. Analyze the capabilities and limitations of popular VFX tools evaluating their effectiveness
in compositing tasks and their suitability for different production requirements. (Nov/Dec
2024)
8. Write elaboratory about blue screen/green screen, background projection, multiple exposure,
and matting. (Apr/May 2024)
9. What is image matting? Write the various methodologies developed for matting.
10. How can multiple exposures be used in visual effects to create a seamless composite image
explain in brief.
11. How can Blender be used to create realistic visual effects in a movie scene?
12. What are some advanced techniques or features in Natron that can significantly elevate the
quality of visual effects produced by artists?
13. How do VFX professionals utilize GIMP as a tool in their workflow? What are the key
features of GIMP that make it a valuable tool for VFX work?
14. Develop Pre-visualization for a Concerts/Competeions/sporting events which empowers
directors to observe and interactively compose thematic scenes before sets are built and
performances are captured, saving productions phenomenal cost, and guaranteeing effective
narrative intent. (Apr/May 2024)