WORKSHEET ON DEMOCRATIC POLITICS

Class : X (CBSE) (087) 2024-25 Sub : Social Science

1. Vetal was telling a story to Vikram about ethnic composition of Belgium, but Vikram
could not follow. Can you clarify his doubt, what is correct about Belgium? [ ]
i) Dutch-speaking people constituted a minority in the country, but a majority in the capital.
ii) French-speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.
iii) Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.
iv) French-speaking people constituted a minority in the country, but a majority in the capital.
A) i and ii B) ii and iii C) iii and iv D) i and iv
Ans: C) iii and iv
2. Imagine that you are a Tamil descendant in Sri Lanka and your community launched
parties and struggles for the recognition of several demands during 1980s. Which among
the following may not be your demand? [ ]
i) Recognising Tamil as an official language
ii) Equal share in the ministries of the government
iii) Regional autonomy
iv) Equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs
A) i and ii B) Only ii C) ii, iii and iv D) ii and iii
Ans: B) Only ii
3. Identify the type of Power Sharing process from the following features. [ ]
i) It allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different
powers.
ii) Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each
organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions.
iii) In a democracy, even though ministers and government officials exercise power, they are
responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies.
iv) Similarly, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning
of executive or laws made by the legislatures.
A) Prudential Distribution B) Moral Distribution
C) Vertical Distribution D) Horizontal Distribution
Ans: D) Horizontal Distribution

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4. Consider the following statements. [ ]
Statement I : Belgium shares its borders with France, Netherlands and Luxembourg
only.
Statement II : It has a population of little over 10 million.
Statement III : The ethnic composition of the country is homogenous.
Statement IV : Majority of its population live in Flemish region and speak Dutch language.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Only the Statements I & III are true B) Only the Statements II & IV are true
C) Only the Statements I & IV are true D) Only the Statements II & III are true
Ans: B) Only the Statements II & IV are true
5. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed in a
democratic country.
Reason (R) : Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.
A) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B) Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A
C) A is true and R is false.
D) A is wrong but R is correct
Ans: A) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
6. The given picture is related to the Germany’s grand coalition government. Identify the
incorrect statement from the following with respect to that government. [ ]

A) It includes the two major parties of the country, namely the Christian Democratic Union and
the Social Democratic Party.
B) The two parties are historically rivals to each other.
C) They had to form a coalition government because neither of them got clear majority of seats
on their own in the 2005 elections.
D) They take similar positions on several policy matters after forming the government.
Ans: D) They take similar positions on several policy matters after forming the government.
7. Statement I : Ethnicity is a social division based on shared culture. [ ]
Statement II : People belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent
and they always have the same religion or nationality.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
B) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
C) Both the statements are true
D) Both the statements are false
Ans: A) Statement I is true and Statement II is false

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8. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : The distrust between the two communities in Sri Lanka turned into widespread
conflict. It soon turned into a civil war.
Reason (R) : The demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was
repeatedly denied by the Sri Lankan government.
A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation to A
B) Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A
C) A is true and R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
Ans: A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation to A
9. Observe the map and select the appropriate option about federal political system in the
world. 1 [ ]

A) Though only 35 of the world’s 193 countries have federal political systems, their citizens
make up 50 per cent of the world’s population.
B) Though only 55 of the world’s 193 countries have federal political systems, their citizens
make up 70 per cent of the world’s population.
C) Though only 45 of the world’s 193 countries have federal political systems, their citizens
make up 60 per cent of the world’s population.
D) Though only 25 of the world’s 193 countries have federal political systems, their citizens
make up 40 per cent of the world’s population.
Ans: D) Though only 25 of the world’s 193 countries have federal political systems, their
citizens make up 40 per cent of the world’s population.
10. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : The Union and State Governments have the power to raise resources by
levying taxes in order to carry on the government and the responsibilities
assigned to each of them.
Reason (R) : In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts and
the Supreme Court make a decision.
A) A is true but R is false.
B) A is false but R is true.
C) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
Ans: D) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

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11. A few subjects in various lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them
under the Union, State and Concurrent lists as provides in the table below: [ ]
i) Defence ii) Police iii) Agriculture iv) Trade Union
v) Banking vi) Forests vii) Communications viii) Trade
ix) Marriages x) currency
Union List State List Concurrent List
A) i, viii and ix ii, iii and iv v, vi and vii
B) i, v and vii ii, iii and viii iv, ix and vi
C) i, v, vii and x ii, iii, and viii iv, vi and ix
D) iii, vi and vii, v, viii and ix iv, and x
Ans: C) i, v, vii and x ii, iii, and viii iv, vi and ix
12. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : This sharing of power between the Union Government and the State
Governments is basic to the structure of the Constitution.
Reason (R) : Any change to it has to be first passed by both the Houses of Parliament
with at least two-thirds majority.
A) A is true but R is false.
B) A is false but R is true.
C) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
Ans: C) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
13. Consider the following statements on the practice of federalism in India. Identify those
which hold true for decentralisation after 1992. [ ]
a) Seats are reserved in the local elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions
for the Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes.
b) It became constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
c) The state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local
government bodies.
d) No seats are reserved in the local elected bodies for other backward classes.
A) a, b and c B) b and c C) c and d D) a and d
Ans: A) a, b and c
14. Consider the following statements with respect to the ‘role of judiciary in India’. [ ]
Statement I : It oversees the implementation of constitutional provisions and procedures.
Statement II : In case of any dispute about the division of powers, only the Supreme Court
make a decision.
Statement III : The jurisdiction of the different courts in India is different.
Statement IV : It’s assent is required to alter the basic structue of the constitution.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Statements I and III are false B) Statements II and IV are false
C) Statements I and IV are false D) Statements III and IV are false
Ans: B) Statements II and IV are false

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15. Which of the statements defends the picture given. [ ]

A) The power of the state governments undermined by the central government.

B) The authority of the state governments depends upon their support to the central government.
C) The power of the central government is dependent on the support from state governments.
D) The authority of the central government can be influenced by the regional parties won the
election.
Ans: D) The authority of the central government can be influenced by the parties won the
election.
16. Statement I : Promotion of Hindi Continues to be the official policy of the Government of
India. [ ]
Statement II : In India, States have their own official languages.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Statement I is true and Statement II is false
B) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
C) Both the statements are true
D) Both the statements are false
Ans: C) Both the statements are true
17. Consider the following statements on ‘decentralisation in India.’ [ ]
Statement I : The State Election Commission conducts both the panchayat and municipal
elections.
Statement II : Municipal chairperson is the political head of the municipal corporation.
Statement III : The State governments are required to share only the powers but not revenue
with local government bodies.
Statement IV : Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these
institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward
Classes.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Statement I and Statement II are false
B) Statement II and Statement III are false
C) Statement III and Statement IV are false
D) Statement IV and Statement I are false
Ans: B) Statement II and Statement III are false

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18. What is Patriarchy? [ ]
A) A system where mother is the head of the family
B) A system where there is no head of the family
C) A system where father is the head of the family
D) A system where grandparents have control over family matters
Ans: C) A system where father is the head of the family
19. Which of the following is prohibited by the Indian Constitution? [ ]
A) Discrimination only on the basis of gender
B) Discrimination only on the basis of caste
C) Discrimination on the basis of gender, religion and caste
D) Discrimination on the basis of literacy level.
Ans: C) Discrimination on the basis of gender, religion and caste
20. What does ‘caste hierarchy’ mean? [ ]
A) All caste are considered equal.
B) A ladder like formation in which all caste groups are placed from the highest to the lowest.
C) A ladder life formation in which all caste groups are placed from the lowest to the highest.
D) A caste system in which two or more castes are at the same level in the ladder like structure.
Ans: B) A ladder like formation in which all caste groups are placed from the highest to the
lowest.
21. If the problems of women to be given adequate attention, imagine that you are a political
leader, what type of attention you want to suggest for them? [ ]
i) More women as elected representatives ii) Women maintain proper dress code
iii) Women confine in domestic works iv) Women wield power in government
A) i and ii B) ii and iii C) i and iv D) All the above
Ans: C) i and iv
22. Now the old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down in modern India. Which is not
a proper reason for this? [ ]
i) Economic development and large scale urbanisation.
ii) Growth of literacy, education and occupational mobility.
iii) Weakening of the position of landlords in the villages.
iv) Inter-caste marriages and reservations for the low castes.
A) i, ii and iii B) ii, iii and iv C) Only iv D) All the above
Ans: C) Only iv
23. Different types of societies are there in different countries. What do you call those type
of countries where countries like India women still lag much behind men despite some
improvement since independence? Women also face disadvantage, discrimination and
oppression in various ways. [ ]
A) Multi-cultural society B) Multi-lingual society
C) Patriarchal society D) Matriarchal society
Ans: C) Patriarchal society

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24. Identify the state with least Child Sex Ratio (as per the Census-2011) from the following.
[ ]
A) Karnataka B) Assam C) Gujarat D) Uttar Pradesh
Ans: C) Gujarat
25. What type of politics do the picture indicate? [ ]

A) Gender in politics B) Caste in politics C) Religion in politics D) All the above

Ans: B) Caste in politics
26. Consider the following statements with respect to the caste system in India. [ ]
i) In most societies, occupations are passed on from one economic community to another.
ii) Caste system is an extreme form of this occupational division.
iii) What makes it different from other societies is that in this system, hereditary occupational
division was sanctioned by the Constitution of India.
iv) Members of the same caste group were supposed to form a social community that practiced
the same or similar occupation.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) i and iii are false B) ii and iv are false
C) i and ii are false D) iii and iv are false
Ans: A) i and iii are false
27. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : Every social difference commonly lead to social division.
Reason (R) : Social differences divide similar people from one another, but they also unite
very different people.
A) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Assertion is false and reason is true.
Ans: D) Assertion is false and reason is true.

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28. Observe the picture and select the correct option to the cartoon. [ ]

A) The cartoon suggest that the Chinese President controls all major institutions of the country.
B) The cartoon suggest that the Corporate America controls all major institutions of the country.
C) The cartoon suggest that the North Korean President controls all major institutions of the
country.
D) The cartoon suggest that the Sri Lankan President controls all major institutions of the
country.
Ans: B) The cartoon suggest that the Corporate America controls all major institutions of the
country.
29. “The criteria of selecting the candidates to contest elections in USA is different from
India.”
Which of the following is true with reference to this statements? [ ]
A) In the USA, the party president chooses its candidates, whereas in the India top party
leaders choose the candidates for contesting election.
B) In India members and supporters of a party choose its candidates, whereas in the USA top
party leaders choose the candidates for contesting election.
C) In the USA the members and supporters of a party choose the candidates to contest election,
whereas in India the top party leaders choose the candidates for contesting election.
D) In India the people from their constituency choose the party candidates to contest, where
as in the USA the candidate showing interest can contest election.
Ans: C) In the USA the members and supporters of a party choose the candidates to contest
election, whereas in India the top party leaders choose the candidates for contesting
election.
30. Choose the incorrectly matched pair from the following: [ ]
A) (AAP): Arvind Kejriwal.
B) (BSP): Kanshi Ram.
C) BJS (Now BJP): Syama Prasad Mukherjee
D) (NCP): P A Sangma
Ans: D) (NCP): P A Sangma

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31. There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as
per the codes provided below: [ ]
Assertion (A) : The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria for the proportion of
votes and seats that a party must get in order to be a recognised party.
Reason (R) : While the Commission treats all parties equally, it offers some special facilitie
to large and established parties.
A) Both A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of A
B) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A
C) Both A and R are wrong
D) A is wrong bur R is correct
Ans: A) Both A and R are true, R is the correct explanation of A
32. Four different statements given here are belong to various challenges to political parties.
Identify the odd one from the following. [ ]
A) Sometimes people can even elect very different leaders either, because different set of
leaders contesting one party to another.
B) Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage to favour people
close to them or even their family members.
C) They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of money.
D) In recent years, there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in
most parts of the world.
Ans: A) Sometimes people can even elect very different leaders either, because the same set
of leaders keep shifting from one party to another.
33. Identify the statement which is neither passed nor amended by any of the authorities.
[ ]
A) The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties
after winning the election.
B) The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals in
politics.
C) The Election Commission passed an order and made compulsory for political parties to
maintain a register of its members, to follow its own constitution.
D) The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold
their organisational elections and file their income tax returns.
Ans: C) The Election Commission passed an order and made compulsory for political parties
to maintain a register of its members, to follow its own constitution.
34. Which of the following statements is wrong regarding this Cartoon? [ ]

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 i) This is popularly known as Berlusconi Puppet Theatre. Berlusconi was the President of
Italy.
ii) He is also one of the top businessmen in Italy.
iii) He is the leader of the La Italia founded in 1983.
iv) His company owns TV channels, the most important publishing company, a football club
(AC Milan) and a bank.
A) i and iii B) iii and iv C) i and iv D) None of these
Ans: A) i and iii
35. Which among the below statements best represents ‘partisanship’? [ ]
Statement I - A group of people who come together to promote common beliefs.
Statement II - The affair of the state or the science of governance.
Statement III - A person who is strongly committed to a party.
Statement IV - The ruling party which runs the government.
A) Statement III & IV B) Statement II & IV C) Statement I & III D) Statement III
Ans: D) Statement III
36. Democracy is simply rule by majority. What do majority refer in democracy? [ ]
A) Majority in case of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and groups
may and can form a majority.
B) Majority religious group or race, different persons and groups may and can form a majority.
C) Majority linguistic group, different persons and groups may and can form a majority.
D) Majority of people on birth, different persons and groups may and can form a majority.
Ans: A) Majority in case of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and
groups may and can form a majority.
37. Observe the cartoon and suggest the option that best suits. [ ]

A) Accommodating sosial diversity B) Resolving the conflicts

C) Enhancing the dignity of the individual D) Showing income inequality
Ans: D) Showing income inequality
38. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : Democracies often frustrate the needs of the people and often ignore the
demands of a majority of its population.
Reason (R) : Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that
cannot be ignored.

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 A) Both A and R are true, R is a correct explanation of A
B) Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A
C) A is true and R is false.
D) A is false and R is true.
Ans: B) Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A
39. In the context of democracy which of the following ideas is/are not correct. [ ]
A) Regular, free and fair elections;
B) Open public debate on major policies and legislations;
C) Citizens’ right to information about the government and its functioning.
D) Fulfils the needs of the people and always satisfy the demands of all of its population.
Ans: D) Fulfils the needs of the people and always satisfy the demands of all of its population.
40. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : Democracies are expected to produce good governments.
Reason (R) : Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that
cannot be ignored.
A) Both A and R are true, R is a correct explanation of A
B) Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A
C) A is true and R is false
D) A is false and R is true
Ans: B
41. Study the picture and find out which expectation of the people from the government is
missing. [ ]

A) Legitimacy B) Transparency C) Competency D) Responsive

Ans: B) Transparency
42. Understand the statements and find out which is not true regarding economic development
in case of democracy. [ ]
Statement-I : The rates of economic growth, compared between the countries under
dictatorship and democracy, is better in democracy.
Statement-II : Evidence shows that in practice, many democracies did not fulfil
expectations of the people.
Statement-III : We can say that democracy is a guarantee of economic development.
Statement-IV : Economic development do not depend only on natural resources.
A) I and II B) I and III C) II and III D) III and IV
Ans: B) I and III

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43. There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
thestatements and choose the correct option. [ ]
Assertion (A) : Tyranny of the minority is not just oppressive for the majority; it often
brings ruin to the minority as well.
Reason (R) : Imposing the will of majority community over others may look like an
attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the
unity of the nation.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C) (A) is true and (R) is false
D) (A) is false and (R) is true
Ans: D) (A) is false and (R) is true
44. There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and
Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. [ ]
Assertion (A) : A legitimate government is one where citizens, through participation,
acquire a stake in the system.
Reason (R) : A democratic rule involves sharing power with those who have involved
themselves in governance. People have to follow how they are governed.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C) (A) is true and (R) is false
D) (A) is false and (R) is true
Ans: A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
45. Which one of the following is not a feature of developing country? [ ]
A) Agriculture as the major occupation B) High technological development
C) Mass poverty D) Mass illiteracy
Ans: B) High technological development
46. The most basic outcome of democracy should be that …......... [ ]
select the correct option/s
A) It has overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world.
B) It can address all socio-economic and political problems.
C) It is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.
D) It is attentive to the needs and demands of the people and is largely free of corruption.
Ans: C) It is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the
citizens.
47. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : Democracies are based on political inequality.
Reason (R) : A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth
and incomes.
A) Both A and R are true, R is a correct explanation of A
B) Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A
C) A is true but R is false
D) A is false but R is true
Ans: D) A is false but R is true
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48. In the given questions, there are sentences marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements and choose the correct option from the following: [ ]
Assertion (A) : Citizen has the right and the means to examine the process of decision making.
Reason (R) : So, the democratic government can be very quick and efficient in decision
making and implementation.
A) Both A and R are true, R is a correct explanation of A
B) Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A
C) A is true but R is wrong
D) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: C) A is true but R is wrong
49. How many recognised national parties are there in India currently? [ ]
A) 6 B) 8 C) 7 D) 9
Ans: A
50. The Nari shakti Vandan Adhiniyam (Womens’ Reservation Act, 2023) has been passed
which will give 33 percent reservation of seats for women in...................... [ ]
i) Lok Sabha
ii) Rajya Sabha
iii) State Legislative Assemblies
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Only i and ii B) Only ii and iii C) Only i and iii D) All
Ans: C

Source Based Questions

51. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
“We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the
hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores
power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy - in the hands of the people. Giving
power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency.
When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they
would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt
middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”
1. Pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this passage.
A) When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes,
they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes.
2. What is moral reasons for power sharing?
A) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power
with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a
right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.
52. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
Let us call this horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government
placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the
organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance
of power among various institutions. Last year, we studied that in a democracy, even though
ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to the Parliament or

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 State Assemblies. Similarly, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the
functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a system
of checks and balances.
1. Why the separations of powers needed in a democracy?
A) Separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ
checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions.
2. “The system of checks and balances delays the decision making process.” Do you
agree? Support your view.
A) Checks are the mechanisms which allow political institutions to limit one another’s power
– for example by blocking, delaying or simply criticising decisions. Balances, meanwhile,
ensure that a wide variety of views and interests are represented in the democratic process.
Thus the system of checks and balances delays decision making in critisicing and blocking
the decisions of the other organ or it delays in taking the wide veriety of views and
interests of different levels in the society.
53. Read the given source and answer the followings.

1. How can you say that our country has support for democracy?
A) As per the given data, around 70% of the people wish to be ruled by the people elected by
them in India. They also believe that democracy is suitable to our country.
2. What do the term “Doesn’t matter to me” indicate?
A) In the given data, ‘Doesn’t matter to me’ indicates the category of people who kept
themselves away from the government (as they do not see any difference between
democracy and dictatorship governments) that is established or ruled in their country.
54. Read the given source and answer the followings.
No society can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups. But we can
certainly learn to respect these differences and we can also evolve mechanisms to negotiate the
differences. Democracy is best suited to produce this outcome. Non-democratic regimes often
turn a blind eye to or suppress internal social differences. Ability to handle social differences,
divisions and conflicts is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes. But the example
of Sri Lanka reminds us that a democracy must fulfil two conditions in order to achieve this
outcome:
1. How do democracy handle social differences, divisions and conflicts?
A) No society can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups. But we
can certainly learn to respect these differences and we can also evolve mechanisms to
negotiate the differences. Democracy is best suited to produce this outcome.
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 2. Name the two conditions that must be ful-filled to achieve the outcomes of democracy
if we take the example of Sri Lanka.
A) i) It is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion.
The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to
represent the general view. Majority and minority opinions are not permanent.
ii) It is also necessary that rule by majority does not become rule by majority community
in terms of religion or race or linguistic group, etc. Rule by majority means that in case
of every decision or in case of every election, different persons and groups may and can
form a majority.
55. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
It was felt that if the power to decide is dispersed, it would not be possible to take quick decisions
and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy. One
basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power. In a democracy,
people rule themselves through institutions of self-government. In a good democratic overnment,
due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. Everyone has a voice in
the shaping of public policies.
1. “The decision making power is dispersed in a democracy.” Mention the disadvantage.
A) When the decision making power is dispersed in a democracy, it normally leads to the
delay in deciaion making process.
2. What is the result when due respect is not given to the diverse groups and their views
in a democracy? Give an example.
A) When due respect is not given to the diverse groups and their views in a denocracy, it may
lead to conflits among various groups in the society. Eg: As the views of Tamils were not
respected by the Sinhalese in Sri Lanka, the coutry experienced civil war till 2009.
56. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
The Belgian leaders took a different path. They recognised the existence of regional differences
and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times
so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same
country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very
innovative.
1. Who can make decision in Belgium unilaterally?
A) In Belgium, no one can take any decision unilaterally. The powers are share between
various communities living in the country. Constitution prescribes that the number of
Dutch and Frenchspeaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some
special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus,
no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
2. Why did the French speaking people accept equal representation in central
government in Brussels?
A) The French speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-
speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
57. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
Restructuring the Centre-State relations is one more way in which federalism has been
strengthened in practice. How the constitutional arrangements for sharing power work in reality
depends to a large extent on how the ruling parties and leaders follow these arrangements. For

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 a long time, the same party ruled both at the Centre and in most of the States. This meant that
the State governments did not exercise their rights as autonomous federal units. As and when
the ruling party at the State level was different, the parties that ruled at the Centre tried to
undermine the power of the States. In those days, the Central Government would often misuse
the Constitution to dismiss the Stategovernments that were controlled by rival parties. This
undermined the spirit of federalism.
1. How the spirit of federalism was undermined by the Central government when
different parties were rulling at the centre and the states?
A) As and when the ruling party at the State level was different, the parties that ruled at the
Centre tried to undermine the power of the States. In those days, the Central Government
would often misuse the Constitution to dismiss the State Governments that were controlled
by rival parties. This undermined the spirit of federalism.
2. What are the dual objectives of federalism in India?
A) The dual objectives of federalism in India is - to safeguard and promote unity of the
country, while at the same time accommodate regional diversity.
58. Read the following source and answer the questions that follow:
The result of sexual division of labour is that although women constitute half of the humanity,
their role in public life, especially politics, is minimal in most societies. Earlier, only men were
allowed to participate in public affairs, vote and contest for public offices. Gradually the gender
issue was raised in politics.
1. How did the political expression of gender division help the women in their role in
public life?
A) Political expression of gender division and political mobilisation helped to improve
women’s role in public life. We now find women working as scientists, doctors, engineers,
lawyers, managers and college and university teachers which were earlier not considered
suitable for women.
2. Why did the literacy rate among women is less?
A) The deep routed culture of male domination and lack of awareness is the main cause for
female illiteracy. The result is low literacy rate among women in India (The literacy rate
among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among men.).
59. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
Women’s movement has argued that family laws of all religions discriminate against women. So
they have demanded that government should change these laws to make them more equitable.
Gender division is an example that some form of social division needs to be expressed in
politics. This also shows that disadvantaged groups do benefit when social divisions become a
political issue.
1. What do you mean by family laws?
A) Those laws that deal with family related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption,
inheritance, etc. In our country, different family laws apply to followers of different
religions.
2. Do you think that women could have made the gains if their unequal treatment was
not raised in the political domain? Suggest your opinion.
A) No, women could have not made any gains if their unequal treatment was not raised in the
political domain. When the gender issue was raised in politics, women in different parts
of the world organised and agitated for equal rights. There were agitations in different
countries for the extension of voting rights to women. These agitations demanded
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 enhancing the political and legal status of women and improving their educational and
career opportunities.
60. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
In 1947, the boundaries of several old States of India were changed in order to create new States.
This was done to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same State. Some
States were created not on the basis of language but to recognise differences based on culture,
ethnicity or geography. These include States like Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.
1. How do the formation of linguistic States has actually made the country more
united?
A) The linguistic states has helped accommodate diversity and strengthened unity. Many
states adopted regional language as their official language which also made administration
easier. Thus, The formation of linguistic states has actually made the country more united.
2. Name some languages that are grouped together under ‘Hindi’ but not recognised
by the constitution.
A) The Languages like Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani and
many others were grouped together under ‘Hindi’.
61. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
The result of division of labour is that although women constitute half of the humanity, their
role in public life, especially politics, is minimal in most societies. Earlier, only men were
allowed to participate in public affairs, vote and contest for public offices. Gradually the gender
issue was raised in politics. Women in different parts of the world organised and agitated for
equal rights. There were agitations in different countries for the extension of voting rights to
women.
1. What do you mean by Sexual division of labour?
A) A system in which all work inside the home is either done by the women of the family, or
organised by them through the domestic helpers.
2. What was the movement that women in different parts of the world organised and
agitated for equal rights?
A) Women in different parts of the world organised and agitated for equal rights. There
were agitations in different countries for the extension of voting rights to women. These
agitations demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women and improving
their educational and career opportunities. More radical women’s movements aimed
at equality in personal and family life as well. These movements are called feminist
movements.
62. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
The problem becomes more acute when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan
terms, when one religion and its followers are pitted against another. This happens when beliefs
of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, when the demands of one
religious group are formed in opposition to another and when state power is used to establish
domination of one religious group over the rest. This manner of using religion in politics is
communal politics.
1. “Communalism is a social division.” How it develops in a society?
A) Social divisions arise when people start feeling that they belong to different communities.
If this is based on religion, then it is called communalism. This happens when beliefs of
one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions. when the demands of
one religious group are formed in opposition to another and when state power is used to
establish domination of one religious group over the rest.
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 2. How communalism is expressed in politics?
A) The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. communal mind
often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community. Political
mobi l i sation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. Sometimes
communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre.
63. Read the given source and answer the followings.

Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people in South Asia. Political parties
are one of the least trusted institutions all over the world. Yet the level of participation in the
activities of political parties was fairly high. Over the last three decades, the proportion of those
who report to be members of political parties in India has gone up steadily. The proportion of
those who say they feel ‘close to a political party’ has also gone up in India in this period.
1. The level of participation in the activities of political parties was fairly high though
Political parties are one of the least trusted institutions all over the world. How?
A) Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented
by governments. For an ordinary citizen it is easy to approach a local party leader than
a government officer. That is why, they feel close to parties even when they do not fully
trust them.
2. The proportion of the members of a political party was higher in India than many
advanced countries, name the countries.
A) Canada, Japan, Spain and South Korea.
64. Read the following source and answer the questions that follow:
The result of this division of labour is that although women constitute half of the humanity,
their role in public life, especially politics, is minimal in most societies. Earlier, only men were
allowed to participate in public affairs, vote and contest for public offices. Gradually the gender
issue was raised in politics. Women in different parts of the world organised and agitated for
equal rights. There were agitations in different countries for the extension of voting rights to
women. These agitations demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women and
improving their educational and career opportunities. More radical women’s movements aimed
at equality in personal and family life as well.
1. Women in different parts of the world organised and agitated for equal rights. Why?
A) These agitations demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women and
improving their educational and career opportunities. More radical women’s movements
aimed at equality in personal and family life as well. These movements are called feminist
movements.

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 2. What are the countries where women participation in public life is more?
A) In Scandinavian countries, such as Sweden, Norway and Finland, the participation of
women in public life is very high.
65. Read the given source and answer the followings.
If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of
coming to power either on their own strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multi-party
system. Thus in India, we have a multi-party system. In this system, the government is formed
by various parties coming together in a coalition. When several parties in a multi-party system
join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an alliance or
a front.
1. What are the demerits in an coalition government?
A) i) Instable government.
ii) More delay in decison making.
iii) Ineffective implementation of the policies.
2. Why did our country choose multi-party system?
A) i) There is social and geographical diversity in India.
ii) India is such a large country which is not easily absorbed by two or three parties.
iii) The system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political
representation.
66. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This
was done because many elected representatives were indulging in defection inorder to become
ministers or for cash rewards. The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of
money and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an
affidavit.
1. What are defection and affidavit?
A) Defection: Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected (to a
legislative body) to a different party.
Affidavit: A signed document submitted to an officer, where a person makes a sworn
statement regarding her personal information.
2. Who passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their
organisational elections and file their income tax returns?
A) The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold
their organisational elections and file their income tax returns.
67. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
secularism is not just an ideology of some parties or persons. This idea constitutes one of the
foundations of our country. Communalism should not be seen as a threat to some people in
India. It threatens the very idea of India. That is why communalism needs to be combated.
A secular Constitution like ours is necessary but not sufficient to combat communalism.
Communal prejudices and propaganda need to be countered in everyday life and religion-
based mobilisation needs to be countered in the arena of politics.
1. “India is a secular country.” Support the statement ?
A) There is no official religion for the Indian state. The Constitution provides to all individuals
and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow
any. The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.

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 2. How communalism threatens the very idea of India?
A) Due to communalism, the internal peace of the country is threatened. Communal forces
often indulge in promoting their religion and denouncing other religions.
68. Read the given source and answer the following questions.
We need political parties because they perform all these functions. But we still need to ask why
modern democracies cannot exist without political parties. We can understand the necessity of
political parties by imagining a situation without parties. Every candidate in the elections will
be independent. The government may be formed, but its utility will remain ever uncertain.
Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in the locality.
But no one will be responsible for how the country will be run.
1. What will happen if every candidate in the elections will be independent?
A) Every candidate in the elections will be independent. So no one will be able to make any
promises to the people about any major policy changes. The government may be formed,
but its utility will remain ever uncertain. Elected representatives will be accountable to
their constituency for what they do in the locality. But no one will be responsible for how
the country will be run.
2. Why modern democracies cannot exist without political parties?
A) The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies.
As we have seen, large societies need representative democracy. As societies became
large and complex, they also needed some agency to gather different views on various
issues and to present these to the government. They needed some ways, to bring various
representatives together so that a responsible government could be formed. They needed
a mechanism to support or restrain the government,make policies, justify or oppose them.
Political parties fulfill these needs that every representative government has. We can say
that parties are a necessary condition for a democracy.

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 MAP POINTING
69. Locate the following on the outline political map of India.
a) The cotton textile industry in Maharastra (Mumbai)
b) The cotton textile industry in Madhya Pradesh (Indore)
c) The cotton textile industry in Gujarat (Surat)
d) The cotton textile industry in Uttar Pradesh (Kanpur)
e) The cotton textile industry in Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore)

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70. Locate the following on the outline political map of India.
a) The Software Techno Park in Uttar Pradesh (Noida)
b) The Software Techno Park in Gujarat (Gandhi Nagar)
c) The Software Techno Park in Maharastra (Mumbai, Pune)
d) The Software Techno Park in Telangana (Hyderabad)
e) The Software Techno Park in Karnataka (Banglore)
f) The Software Techno Park in Tamil Nadu (Chennai)
g) The Software Techno Park in Kerala (Thiruvananthapuram)

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71. Locate the following on the outline political map of India.
A) Iron and steel plant of West Bengal (Durgapur)
B) The first Iron and Steel plant located in Jharkhand. (Jamshedpur)
C) Iron and steel plants of Karnataka. (Vijayanagar)
D) Iron and steel plant of Tamil Nadu (Salem)
E) Iron and steel plant of Chhattisgarh (Bilai)
F) The Iron and Steel plant of Jharkhand. (Bokaro)

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