24

2023 WUCT: Team Exam ANSWER KEY

This exam consists of 7 questions and is worth 100 points. You will complete this exam as a
team. You will have 1 hour to take the exam. The only allowed resources for this exam are a
calculator and the provided equation sheet. You may NOT use any other notes or books. You
must show your work and box your final answer to receive credit for a problem. NOTE: If you
get the answer to an early part of a question incorrect but later use that answer for a subsequent
part of the question, you can still earn full credit for those subsequent parts. Please write your
answer in the designated space on the answer sheet. If you need additional space for a problem,
you may use the blank scratch page at the end of the exam. Make sure to clearly indicate in the
problem’s designated space where the rest of your work can be found. Any work anywhere other
than the exam or the scratch page will not be graded. Dark pencil or pen is preferred.

Problem #1: (12 points)

Consider the following reaction:

◦
2𝑆𝑂3 (𝑔) ⇔ 2𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) ∆𝐻 = 2198 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

How will the concentrations of 𝑆𝑂3, 𝑆𝑂2, and 𝑂2 be affected by each of the following changes?
Fill in the blanks with the words increase, decrease, same, or N/A.

1. The temperature is increased (1 point)

𝑆𝑂3: ________________________________________ decrease

𝑆𝑂2: ________________________________________ increase
𝑂2: _________________________________________ increase
+ 1 point for having all 3 answers correct

2. The pressure is decreased through an appropriate change in volume (1 point)

𝑆𝑂3: ________________________________________ decrease
𝑆𝑂2: ________________________________________ increase
𝑂2: _________________________________________ increase
+ 1 point for having all 3 answers correct
 25

3. The concentration of 𝑂2 is increased (1 point)

𝑆𝑂3: ________________________________________ increase

𝑆𝑂2: ________________________________________ decrease
𝑂2: _________________________________________ N/A
+ 1 point for having all 3 answers correct

4. A catalyst is added (1 point)

𝑆𝑂3: ________________________________________ same

𝑆𝑂2: ________________________________________ same
𝑂2: _________________________________________ same
+ 1 point for having all 3 answers correct

State the direction each reaction will shift in when the volume of the container is decreased. Fill
in the blanks with the words left, right, or no shift. (2.5 points)

1. PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ⇆ PCl5(g)

_______________________________________ right

2. 2NBr3(g) ⇆ N2(g) + 3Br2(g)

_______________________________________ left

3. CO(g) + Cl2(g) ⇆ COCl2(g)

_______________________________________ right

4. H2(g) + B2(g) ⇆ 2HBr(g)

_______________________________________ no shift

5. MgCO3(s) ⇆ MgO(s) + CO2(g)

_______________________________________ left

+ 0.5 points for each correct answer (total of 2.5 points)

 26

Consider the reverse of the first reaction:

2𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) ⇔ 2𝑆𝑂3 (𝑔)

−5
The equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction as written is 9. 64 × 10 at 400K. If a sealed
1.0L reaction vessel contains 0.4 atm of 𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) and 1.2 atm of 𝑆𝑂3 (𝑔) (no 𝑂2 (𝑔) initially),
then what is the equilibrium partial pressure of the 𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) expressed to 4 decimal places?
(5.5 points)
2𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) ⇔ 2𝑆𝑂3 (𝑔)

I 0.4 atm 0 atm 1.2 atm

C +1.2 +0.6 -1.2

I’ 1.6 atm 0.6 atm 0 atm

C’ -2x -x +2x

E’ 1.6 - 2x 0.6 - x 2x
2
(𝑃𝑆𝑂 )
𝐾 = 2
3

(𝑃𝑆𝑂 ) (𝑃𝑂 )
2 2
2
(2𝑥) −5
𝐾 = 2 = 9. 64 × 10
(1.6−2𝑥) (0.6 −𝑥)

Because K is very small, we can assume that 𝑥 ≪ 1. 6 and 𝑥 ≪ 0. 6. Therefore, we can do

Method of Successive Approximations.
2
(2𝑥) −5
2 = 9. 64 × 10
(1.6) (0.6 )

𝑥1 = 0. 0060842
𝑥2 = 0. 0060072
𝑥3 = 0. 0060082
𝑥4 = 0. 0060082

Finally: 𝑥 = 0. 0060082 𝑎𝑡𝑚

Equilibrium partial pressure of the 𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔):
1. 6 − 2𝑥 = 1. 6 − 2( 0. 0060082) = 1. 58798359 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1. 5880 𝑎𝑡𝑚

+1.5 points for using ICE tables

+1 point for setting up correct K equation
+1 point for correctly solving for x = 0.006
+2 points for correct final answer with 4 decimal places
 27

Problem #2: (14 points)

Hemoglobin is an enzyme-like protein that transports oxygen in red blood cells. In this case,
oxygen is the ligand, or a molecule that binds to another larger molecule. Myoglobin is a protein
that facilitates oxygen storage in the muscle. The process in which a ligand (L) binds reversibly
to a site in a protein (P) can be described as follows:

ka is the association rate constant; kd is the dissociation rate constant. The equilibrium
composition is characterized by the equilibrium association constant Ka or the equilibrium
dissociation constant, Kd.

a. Represent Ka in terms of the concentrations of unbound protein, bound protein, and

ligand. (2 points)
Ka = [PL]/[P][L]
+2 points for correct answer

b. What is the relationship between Ka and Kd? (2 points)

Ka = 1/Kd
+2 points for correct answer

c. Given that the Kd of hemoglobin is 26, and that of myoglobin is 3, which protein has a
higher affinity for oxygen? Explain. (3 points)
Myoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen. Since it has a lower Kd, that signifies that
there is a lower concentration of unbound protein and ligand and a higher concentration
of bound protein at equilibrium.
+1 point for correct answer
+2 points for correct explanation

d. 2,3-BPG is an allosteric inhibitor that stabilizes the unbound, free protein version of
hemoglobin. This means that it binds to hemoglobin at a site different from that which
oxygen binds. Predict how the Ka and Kd of hemoglobin would be affected by an increase
in 2,3-BPG content. (3 points)
Ka decreases
 28

Kd increases
[P] is stabilized and therefore will be present in a greater concentration at equilibrium, in
the numerator of Kd, in the denominator of Ka
+1 point for correct Ka
+1 point for correct Kd
+1 point for correct answer

e. Why might 2,3-BPG content be higher specifically in red blood cells? Red blood cells
compose the blood that flows in the human circulatory system and helps deliver oxygen
to the body’s tissues. (Hint: relate your answer to oxygen affinity and the function of red
blood cells). (2 points)
BPG increases Kd, lowers the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, more oxygen released
+2 points for correct answer

f. 2,3-BPG is also an important intermediate in a metabolic process known as glycolysis,

which extracts energy from glucose sugar. Given the following mechanism, or steps of
the reaction, predict what would happen to the phosphoenzyme if 2,3-BPG diffuses out of
the cell. Make sure you identify the functional group that is moved in this reaction. (2
points)

The enzyme would remain dephosphorylated, inactive and would not be able to react
again.
+1 point for correct answer
+1 point for mentioning phosphate group
 29

Problem #3: (12 points)

A molecule is defined as chiral if it has a non-superimposable mirror image. A molecule is

defined as achiral if it has a mirror image that can be translated or rotated so that it is identical to
the original molecule. For example, this molecule:

is chiral, while methane (CH4) is achiral.

a. Assess whether the following molecules are chiral or achiral. (4 points)

All are chiral

+1 point for each answer (total of 4 points)

b. The coordination compound [Cr(H2O)3ClBrI]- has octahedral geometry. There are 5 total
isomers, 2 of which are chiral and 3 of which are achiral. Draw the VSEPR geometry for
the 2 chiral isomers. (4 points)

+2 points for each correct structure (total of 4 points)

 30

c. A pair of non-superimposable mirror images are also known as a pair of enantiomers.

Enantiomers have the same chemical and physical properties unless they are interacting
with something else that is chiral. Given this information, can the two chiral isomers of
[Cr(H2O)3ClBrI]- be separated by fractional distillation? Explain. (2 points)

No, they’ll have the same melting and boiling points.

+1 point for saying no
+1 point for correct explanation

d. Diastereomers, on the other hand, are defined as non-mirror image, non-identical

stereoisomers. They have a different spatial arrangement of their atoms. This gives them
different chemical and physical properties. Given this information, can diastereomers be
separated by fractional distillation? Explain. (2 points)

Yes, they’ll have different melting and boiling points so they will evaporate at different
times.
+1 point for saying yes
+1 point for correct explanation
 31

Problem #4: (15 points)

An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in which an enol or an enolate ion reacts with a
carbonyl compound to form a B-hydroxyaldehyde or B-hydroxy ketone, followed by a
dehydration reaction to form a conjugated enone.

Step by step explanation of an aldol condensation:

Step 1: The hydroxide ion deprotonates the aldehyde reversibly.

Step 2: Enolate ion 1 adds to the unreacted aldehyde.

Step 3: Alkoxide ion 2 is protonated by water.

Step 4: Aldol 3 is an enolizable aldehyde. A small amount of it is converted to the corresponding

enolate ion (4) by the hydroxide ion.
 32

Step 5: Enolate ion 4 loses a hydroxide ion.

An aldol condensation reaction forms between an acetophenone and benzaldehyde to form

1,3-Diphenylprop-2-ene-1-one. The structure of the 3 molecules are shown below.

Acetophenone Benzaldehyde 1,3-Diphenylprop-2-en-1-one

In organic chemistry, structures can be simplified into line drawings as shown above. This allows
you to omit writing out carbons and represent them as vertices when two lines intersect.

a. How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are in acetophenone? (2 points)

17 sigma, 4 pi bonds
+1 point for correct number of sigma bonds
+1 point for correct number of pi bonds
b. Why does acetophenone show partial polar and partial nonpolar properties? (2 points)

Acetophnone has a ketone group (C=O) that is polar but also has a large benzene ring,
which is nonpolar.

+2 points for correct explanation

c. What is the hybridization of the carbon that is attached to the oxygen in benzaldehyde? (2
points)

sp2

+2 points for correct answer

 33

d. Write out the empirical formula of 1,3-Diphenylprop-2-en-1-one. (2 points)

C15H12O

+2 points for correct answer

e. Write out the full mechanism of this reaction between an acetophenone and benzaldehyde
using the 5 steps that are described above given that there are plenty of hydroxide ions
and water present in solution. (Hint: in step 1, the hydroxide ion deprotonates
acetophenone) (7 points)

+1 point for using Acetophenone as the nucleophile and Benzaldehyde as the

electrophile
+2 points for correct step 1
+1 point for correct step 2
+1 point for correct step 3
+1 point for correct step 4
+1 point for correct step 5
 34

Problem #5: (22 points)

Light waves are electromagnetic waves, which consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields
that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the light’s propagation.
Electromagnetic waves can be characterized by the electromagnetic spectrum, where they are
arranged on the basis of their wavelength, frequency, and energy. The electromagnetic spectrum
is shown below.

Light in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum excites different motions in

molecules.For instance, microwaves excite molecular rotations, infrared waves excite vibrations
of chemical bonds, and visible and ultraviolet light leads to excitations of electrons.

a. Microwaves are not shown on the spectrum above. Where would microwaves fall on the
spectrum? (1 point)
Between IR and radio waves
+1 point for correct answer

b. When an atom or molecule absorbs a photon of the right energy, this leads to an
excitation from a lower energy state to a higher energy state. Depending on the energy of
light, this transition could be between vibrational states, rotational states, or electron
energy levels. The following questions will focus on different vibrations induced by the
absorption of infrared waves.
i) A photon of infrared light having a wavelength of 3.03 𝜇m is absorbed by a water
molecule. A molecule of methanol, CH3OH, absorbs an infrared photon with a
 35

wavelength of 2.67 𝜇m. Which molecule absorbs infrared light of more energy
and by how much? (4 points)
Methanol absorbs a photon of infrared light with more energy. The photon for
methanol is 8.840 x 10-21 J higher in energy than the photon for water.

−6
1×10 𝑚 −6
2. 67 µ𝑚 × 1 µ𝑚
= 2. 67 × 10 𝑚
−6
1×10 𝑚 −6
3. 03 µ𝑚 × 1 µ𝑚
= 3. 03 × 10 𝑚

ℎ𝑐
𝐸= λ
−34 8
(6.626×10 𝐽𝑠)(2.998×10 𝑚/𝑠) −20
𝐸(𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙) = −6 = 7. 43998052 × 10 𝐽
(2.67×10 𝑚)
−34 8
(6.626×10 𝐽𝑠)(2.998×10 𝑚/𝑠) −20
𝐸(𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) = −6 = 6. 55602244 × 10 𝐽
(3.03×10 𝑚)

−20
𝐸(𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙) − 𝐸(𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) = 7. 43998052 × 10 𝐽-
−20
6. 55602244 × 10 𝐽
= 8.8395808 x 10-21 J
= 8.840 x 10-21 J
+1 point for using E = hc/λ equation
+1 point for correct answer: stating that methanol absorbs more energy
+2 points for correct calculations: stating that there is a difference of 8.840 x
10-21J

ii) When you shine infrared light on a sample of a certain molecule, the molecule
will absorb photons of certain energies and let others pass through. This
information is shown on a spectrum called an Infrared Spectrum, with the units of
light often being given in wavenumbers (cm-1). The wavenumber (w) is
calculated via the following equation:
1
𝑤= (𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ)
Calculate the wavenumber of the following photons.

1) A photon with a wavelength of 4,395 nm. (2 points)

−9
1×10 𝑚 100 𝑐𝑚 −4
4395 𝑛𝑚 × 1 𝑛𝑚
× 1𝑚
= 4. 395 × 10 𝑐𝑚
1 1
𝑤= λ
= −4
(4.395×10 𝑐𝑚)
-1
= 2275.31 cm
+2 points for correct answer
 36

2) A photon with a frequency of 4.95 x 1013 Hz. (2 points)

𝑐
𝑐 = λν → λ = ν
13 1
1 ν (4.95×10 𝑠
) 1 1𝑚
𝑤= λ
= 𝑐
= 8 𝑚 = 165110. 0734 𝑚
× 100 𝑐𝑚
(2.998×10 𝑠 )

= 1651.10 cm-1
+2 points for correct answer

3) A photon with an energy of 0.434 eV. (2 points)

−19
1.6021773×10 𝐽 −20
0. 434 𝑒𝑉 × 1 𝑒𝑉
= 6. 95344948 × 10 𝐽
𝐸
𝐸 = ℎν →ν = ℎ
𝑐 𝑐 ℎ𝑐
𝑐 = λν →λ = ν = 𝐸 = 𝐸
ℎ

−20
1 𝐸 (6.95344948×10 𝐽) 1 1𝑚
𝑤= λ
= ℎ𝑐
= −34 8 = 350039. 6523 𝑚
× 100 𝑐𝑚
(6.626×10 𝐽𝑠)(2.998×10 𝑚/𝑠)
-1
= 3500.40 cm
+2 points for correct answer

c. As mentioned before, infrared waves cause molecules to go from one frequency of

vibration to a higher frequency of vibration. Picture a spring that is contracting and
expanding slowly. If you put more energy into it, that spring will contract and expand at a
faster rate. That is essentially how we can imagine chemical bonds reacting to an increase
in energy given by the absorption of infrared light. Rank the following bonds (C-C, C=C,
C≡C) from lowest to highest wavenumber of infrared light needed to excite them from
the lowest vibrational frequency to the next highest vibrational frequency. Explain your
reasoning in 2-3 sentences (3 points)
C-C < C=C < C≡C.
Single bonds are weaker than double bonds, which are weaker than triple bonds. Weaker
bonds require less energy to increase the vibrational frequency, and since energy is
directly related to wavenumber, weaker bonds will experience an increase in vibrational
frequency at a lower wavenumber of infrared light. Thus, single bonds require the lowest
wavenumber, followed by double bonds, followed by triple bonds.
+1 point for correct ranking
+2 points for correct explanation

d. A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule that is very important in

determining its chemistry. Some examples include a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and
 37

a carbon-carbon double bond (-C=C). These are shown from left to right below, with the
respective functional group in the blue circle.

Different functional groups absorb infrared light of different energies, which

again leads to a higher energy vibration of the functional group bonds. Using what
we know about which functional group absorbs light around which regions allows
chemists to identify and visualize the structure of a molecule. The following chart
shows the connection between functional group and wavenumber of the photon
absorbed.

The infrared spectrum maps which wavenumbers of infrared light are absorbed by
a certain molecule. The peaks give an idea of which functional groups are present.
i) On the infrared spectrum shown below, identify which circled peak corresponds
to which functional group. HINT: Pay attention to the size of the peaks (none of
these would be considered broad peaks). Ignore the peaks located at between
600-1500 cm-1. This region is known as the “fingerprint region,” and usually
consists of a complicated set of peaks unique to the compound being studied. (2
points)
 38

Orange circle: C-H bonds

Purple circle: C=O bonds

+1 point for correct answer for orange circle

+1 point for correct answer for purple circle

ii) Which of the following molecules could this spectrum correspond to? There may
be more than one correct answer. Justify your reasoning in 1-2 sentences.
a) 2-butanone (3 points)

b) Ethanol

c) Methyl propyl ether

d) Acetic acid
 39

A, because the spectrum shows the carbonyl (C=O) group, as well as the C-H
bonds. There are no broad peaks in the 3000s cm-1 that would indicate an acid or
alcohol OH group. In addition, C (methyl propyl ether) would not give the
carbonyl peak that does show up at the spectrum.
+1 point for correct answer
+2 points for correct explanation

iii) Given the following molecule, predict where the peaks would be on the
molecule’s infrared spectrum (in wavenumbers), as well as what their intensity
would be. (3 points)

Green circle: ____________________________________________

Blue circle: ______________________________________________

Purple circle: ____________________________________________

Green circle: 1680-1600 cm-1; medium intensity

Blue circle: 3300-2700 cm-1; medium intensity
Purple circle: 3650-3200 cm-1; strong, broad intensity

+1 point for correct wavenumbers and intensity for the green circle
+1 point for correct wavenumbers and intensity for the blue circle
+1 point for correct wavenumbers and intensity for the purple circle
 40

Problem #6: (13 points)

Glutamate is one of 20 natural amino acids found in all living things. One of the features of
glutamate (and amino acids in general) is that multiple groups can be ionized. In other words,
amino acids can acquire a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons. The
structure of glutamate at pH of 7 is shown below:

a. Circle the groups of glutamate that can be ionized on the structure above. (3 points)
+ 1 point for each correctly circled group (total 3 points)
b. The image below shows a titration curve for the amino acid glutamate with a strong base.
 41

Using the titration curve and the given pKa values of each functional group, draw the structure of
the dominant form of glutamate in each of the following ranges of pH. (4 points)

0 - 2.19:

2.19 - 4.25:

4.25 - 9.67:

9.67 - 12:

+1 point for each correct structure

 42

c. A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of acidic or basic
components. At what pH or pHs would glutamate be a good buffer? Explain why
glutamate can be a good buffer and how a buffer works. (3 points)

Glutamate would be a good buffer at the pHs of 2.19, 4.25, and 9.67. This is because a
buffer is able to resist pH change because the two components (conjugate acid and
conjugate base) are both present in appreciable amounts at equilibrium. At those pHs,
glutamate has an equal amount of conjugate acid and a conjugate base present to
neutralize small amounts of H+ and OH-.

+1 for correct pHs of the buffers

+2 for the correct explanation

d. The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which a molecule as a whole has a net charge of
zero. What is the approximate pI of glutamate? Explain your reasoning. (3 points)

2.19 + 4.25
At around 3.22 [ = 2
], the pH of the solution is only strong enough to protonate
the side chain carboxylic group and the amine but not strong enough to protonate the
carboxylic group attached to the α-carbon. Since the amine group gains a positive charge
and one of the carboxylic groups loses its negative charge, the overall charge of
glutamate is zero.

+1 for correct pH of isoelectric point

+2 for the correct explanation
 43

Problem #7: (12 points)

All particles exhibit wave-like properties. In 1924, French scientist Louis de Broglie derived an
equation that described the wave nature of a particle. This equation can be written in the form
below:
λ=h/mv
with λ being the wavelength, h being Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10-34 m2 kg/s), m being mass and
v being velocity.

a. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for an electron moving at 2% speed of light in a

vacuum (2 points)
−34 2
6.626 * 10 𝑚 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
λ= −31 8 = 1.212 * 10-10 m
9.11 * 10 𝑘𝑔 * 0.02 * 3 * 10 𝑚/𝑠

+2 points for correct answer

b. A 16,000kg bus emits a de Broglie wavelength of 2.96 x 10-39 m. At what speed is the
bust moving at? (2 points)
−34 2
ℎ 6.626 * 10 𝑚 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
v= 𝑚λ
= −39 = 13.99 m/s
16,000𝑘𝑔 * 2.96 * 10 𝑚

+2 points for correct answer

In 1927, scientist Werner Heisenberg came up with the idea of the uncertainty principle. This
principle states that we cannot precisely know the position and momentum of a particle at the
same time. The uncertainty principle can be modeled by the equation below:
ℎ
∆x∆p ≥ 4π

In the equation, ∆x represents the uncertainty in position of the particle and ∆p represents the
uncertainty in momentum of the particle.

c. The uncertainty of momentum of a baseball thrown during a game at 45m/s is 1% of its

momentum. What is the uncertainty in position? The mass of the baseball is 0.15kg. (2
points)
ℎ
∆x∆p ≥ 4π
 44

ℎ
∆x ≥ 4π * ∆𝑝
−34 2
6.626 * 10 𝑚 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
∆x ≥ 4π * 0.01 * (0.15 𝑘𝑔 * 45 𝑚/𝑠)
= 7.811 * 10-34 m

+2 point for correct answer

In quantum mechanics, a particle in a box model describes a system in which a particle is free to
move around in a small space that is surrounded by impenetrable barriers. For instance, a single
O2 molecule that is freely floating around in a 1D box with a length of 1m can be described by a
particle in a box model. The expectation value describes the most probabilistic location at which
you are most likely to find the particle in a box. This value can be described by the equation
below:

x = ∫Ψ* 𝑥 Ψ dx

In the equation, Ψ represents the wavefunction that describes the particle in a box system. Ψ* is
the complex conjugate of Ψ. A complex conjugate simple inverses complex numbers. For
instance, the complex conjugate of 2i is -2i. If an equation does not have any complex numbers,
Ψ* will be equal to Ψ. The bounds of the integral will start from the left side of the particle in a
box to the right side of the box.

2 𝑛π𝑥
d. Given that the particle in the box system is from 0 to L, and the Ψ = 𝐿
* 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝐿
), set

up the equation for solving the expectation value of position. (2 points)

𝐿
2 𝑛π𝑥 2 𝑛π𝑥
x=∫ 𝐿
* 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝐿
)𝑥 𝐿
* 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝐿
) dx
0

*** In the problem, Ψ = Ψ* because there are no complex numbers in Ψ

+2 points for correct set up
𝐿 2
2 𝑛π𝑥 𝐿
e. Given that the integral of ∫𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝐿
)= 4
, solve for the expectation value of position
0

for particles in a box. (2 points)

𝐿 𝐿 2
2 𝑛π𝑥 2 𝑛π𝑥 2 2 𝑛π𝑥 2 𝐿 𝐿
x= ∫ 𝐿
* 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝐿
)𝑥 𝐿
* 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝐿
) dx = 𝐿
* ∫𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝐿
)= 𝐿
* 4
= 2
0 0
 45

+2 points for correct answer

f. What does the answer in part (e) represent? Where are you most likely to find a particle?
(2 points)
𝐿
The length of the box is L and the expectation value is 2
, which tells us that you are

most likely to find the particle in the middle of the box.

+2 points for stating “middle of the box”