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cover (1)
Pacific
Department of Civil Engineering
Course title: Engineering Materials
Lab (CE 202)
Project report
Submitted to:
Dr. A.K.M. Jasim Uddin
Professor, Department of History
Jahangirnagar University.
Submitted by:
Mir Taskia Tasnim Aishi
ID: 22105058
Section- B
Introduction:
A multi storied hospital will be built with ordinary concrete at Savar, Dhaka. To obtain
the best quality of cement and concrete for the project, tests are to be carried out at
UAP using various sand combinations and several cement manufacturing companies to
achieve the required compressive strength. Compressive strength of mortar is
determined by using 2 inch or 50mm cubes as per ASTM C109 / C109M - Standard
Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars. Mortar is a
combination of cement, sand mixed with water. It is used for masonry works such as
brick masonry and stone masonry and for plastering walls, columns etc. Common
mix ratio of mortar used in masonry works are 1:3, 1:4 and 1:6 of cement to sand
ratio. For important masonry structures such as brick walls, 1:3 ratio is used.
Aim:
To achieve the best quality of cement mortar for the proposed structure.
Objective:
To determine the initial setting time of cement.
To determine the unit weight f coarse aggregate by Rodding procedure.
To determine the compressive strength of concrete.
Report Organization:
1. Introduction
2. Project background
3. Methodology
4. Result analysis and discussion
5. Conclusion
Project background:
Significance:
The Compressive Strength Test assesses the ability of cement mortar or
concrete to withstand axial loads, which is crucial for determining the structural
integrity and load-bearing capacity of a building or structure.
It helps in ensuring that the cement mortar or concrete used in construction
meets the required strength standards, ensuring safety and durability.
Specific gravity is important for calculating the percentage of voids and solid
volume in aggregates. This information is essential for designing concrete
mixtures with the right proportions of cement, aggregates, and water.
Aggregate absorption is crucial for calculating the water-cement ratio accurately.
The absorbed water by aggregates affects the overall water content in a concrete
mix.
Accurate determination of absorption helps in producing concrete with the right
workability and strength properties.
Sieve analysis is used to determine the particle size distribution of fine
aggregates. This information is critical for grading fine aggregates to meet
specific requirements.
Uses of cement mortar: Cement mortar composite has wide application in masonry
work, plastering, repairing damaged concrete, patching or filling, rendering, floor
leveling, and the development of precast products.
Effect of sand combination on compressive strength of cement mortar:
Sand Particle Size and Gradation:
The particle size and gradation of sand can have a substantial effect on the
compressive strength of mortar. Well-graded sand with a balanced distribution of fine
and coarse particles is generally preferred.
An excess of fine sand may result in a lack of workability and reduced strength, while an
excess of coarse sand may lead to a decrease in cohesion and workability.
Sand Quality:
The quality of sand, including its cleanliness and absence of impurities, is crucial.
Contaminants such as silt, clay, or organic materials can weaken the mortar and reduce
its compressive strength.
Sand-Cement Ratio:
The proportion of sand to cement in the mortar mix is a critical factor. A higher sand-
cement ratio typically results in a weaker mortar with reduced compressive strength.
A lower sand-cement ratio, on the other hand, can increase the compressive strength
but may affect workability. The right balance is essential.
Type of Sand:
The type of sand used in the mortar mix matters. Common types include natural sand,
crushed sand, and manufactured sand. Each type has different characteristics that can
affect compressive strength.
Natural sand is often preferred, but the availability and quality can vary.
Curing Conditions:
Proper curing of the mortar, including moisture retention, temperature, and curing
duration, can significantly affect the development of compressive strength. Inadequate
curing can lead to weaker mortar.
Admixtures and Additives:
The use of admixtures or additives in the mortar mix, such as plasticizers or air-
entraining agents, can influence the compressive strength. These should be used
carefully and according to specifications.
Mixing and Workmanship:
Proper mixing techniques and workmanship play a crucial role in ensuring a
homogeneous mortar mix. Inadequate mixing can lead to weak spots and affect
strength.
Aging and Moisture Content:
The age of the mortar and its moisture content can also affect compressive strength.
Mortar that is allowed to cure for an appropriate duration and maintain adequate
moisture levels tends to develop higher strength.
Methodology:
Materials:
3. Mixing pans
4. Temper
5. Trowels
6. Testing machine
10. Sieves
11. Coating release agents (oils)
Procedure:
I. First, placing 388gm of water in dry mixing bowl, 800gm of cement, 440 gm Local
sand, 1760gm Sylhet sand was added and mixed for 30 seconds.
II. In the second step, approximately one-half of the sand was added and mixed for 30
seconds.
III. The remainder sand was added and mixed vigorously for 2 minutes. A total of
440gm local sand and 1760gm Sylhet sand was used during the procedure.
IV. After the mixing procedure, a layer of mortar about 1 inch was placed in all of the
cube compartments. Each cube compartments was tamped for 32 times in about 10
sec in 4 rounds, each round to be right angles to other and consisting of eight
adjoining strokes over the surface of specimens.
V. After the tamping of the first layer, the compartment was filled with remaining
mortar and tamped like the previous method. This procedure was continued for all of
the specimens.
VI. At this point the mortar was slightly above the top of the mold. The excess mortar
flush was carefully cut with the edge of steel trowel.
VII. Thereafter, the cubes were placed in a moist room for 24 hours.
VIII. After 24 hours the 9 specimens were removed from the molds and inserted into
water bath until the designated time for compressive strength test.
1 2 3 4 4 5
8 7 6 5 3 6
2 7
1 8
Result analysis and discussion:
Experimental data obtained by Group-06
Sand Combination Age Average
Group Brand of Compressiv
Name Cement Local Sylhet e strength
(days)
Sand (%) Sand (%) (psi)
3 2871
Shah
Group-1 20 80 7 3072
Cement
14 3090
3 2469
Shah
Group-5 20 80 7 3187
Cement
14 4498
3 2012
Fresh
Group-6 40 60 7 2355
Cement
14 2564
3 1535
Crown
Group-7 60 40 7 1906
Cement
14 1868
Seven 3 1495
Group-8 Rings 80 20 7 2073
Cement 14 2592
3 1543
Shah
Group-9 20 80 7 1886
Cement
14 2652
3 2279
Fresh
Group-10 40 60 7 2414
Cement
14 2638