Definite Integrals

01 02
Properties of Definite Integrals Walli’s Formula
b b
∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ f (t )dt
π/ 2 π/ 2
(i ) • ∫ sin xdx = ∫ cos xdx n n
a a 0 0
b a a
(ii ) ∫ f ( x)dx = − ∫ f ( x)dx in particular ∫ f ( x)dx =0  n −1 n − 3 n − 5 2
a b a
 ⋅ ⋅  ⋅ , when n is odd
b c b n n−2 n−4 3
(iii ) ∫ f= ( x)dx ∫ f ( x)dx + ∫ f ( x)dx where a < c < b = 
a a c
 n − 1 ⋅ n − 3 ⋅ n − 5  ⋅ 3 ⋅ 1 ⋅ π when n is even
b
(iv) ∫ f ( x)=
b
dx ∫ f (a + b − x)dx  n n − 2 n − 4 4 2 2
a a
a a
(v ) ∫ f = ( x)dx ∫ f (a − x)dx (m − 1)(m − 3)…(n − 1)(n − 3)….
π/ 2
• ∫ sin x cos xdx =
0 0 m n
a a (m + n)(m + n − 2)…(2 or 1)
0
(vi ) ∫ f ( x)dx = 2 ∫ f ( x)dx if f ( x) is an even function
−a 0
[If m, n are both odd positive integers or one odd positive integer]
a
(vii ) ∫ f ( x)dx = 0, if f ( x) is an odd function
−a
(m − 1)(m − 3)…………(n − 1)(n − 3) π
π/ 2
• ∫ sin x cos xdx
m n
2a a a = ⋅
(viii ) ∫ f ( x)dx= ∫ f ( x)dx + ∫ f (2a − x)dx (m + n)(m + n − 2)…….(2 or 1)
0 2
0 0 0
2a a
(ix=) ∫ f ( x)dx 2 ∫ f ( x)= dx if f (2a − x) f ( x) [If m, n are both even positive integers]
0 0

0,if f (2a − x) =
= − f ( x)

03
Periodic Properties

If f(x) is a periodic function with period T, then

nT T a + nT T
1. = 2.
∫ f ( x)dx n ∫ f ( x)dx, n ∈ Z
0 0 ∫a
f ( x)dx n ∫ f ( x)dx, n ∈ Z , a ∈ R
=
0

nT T a + nT a
3. ∫
mT
(n − m) ∫ f ( x)dx, m, n ∈ Z
f ( x)dx =
0
4. ∫nT
( x)dx
f= ∫
0
f ( x)dx, n ∈ Z , a ∈ R
 Questions

π 4
dx
1. ∫ 4
−π is equal to 6. The value of ∫ [ x]dx , where [x] is greatest integer less than x, is
4 1 + cos 2 x (a) 6 0 (b) 5
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 10
(c) 3 (d) 4
π/ 4 dx
π 7. What is the value of ∫
π /6 sin x cos x
?
2. ∫0
2
1 − sin 2x dx is equal to
(a) 2ln 3 (b) ln 3
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 ( 2 + 1) (c) 2 ln 3 (d) 4 ln 3
(c) 2 (d) 2 ( 2 − 1)
2 1 1 
1
8. What is the value of ∫
1
e x  − 2  dx ?
x x 
3. What is the value of integral
= I ∫ 0
x(1 − x)9 dx ?
e 
(a) e  − 1 (b) e(e – 1)
(a) 1 (b) 1 2 
110 111 1
(c) e − (d) 0
1 1 e
(c) (d)
112 119 1

1
9. What is the value of the integral ∫−1
|x | dx ?
4. What is the value of ∫−1
x | x | dx ? (a) 1 (b) 0
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –1
1
(c) (d) 0 tan −1 x
4 10. What is ∫0
1
dx equal to ?
1 + x2
b f ( x)dx
5. The value of ∫a f ( x) + f (a + b − x)
is π2 π2
(a) (b)
8 32
(a) a + b (b) b – a π π
2 (c) (d)
4 8
b−a
(c) (d) a + b
2
 Answer Key

1. (a)

2. (d)

3. (a)

4. (d)

5. (c)

6. (a)

7. (b)

8. (a)

9. (a)

10. (b)