EE1101 : Signals and Systems JAN-MAY 2018

Tutorial 9 Solutions

1. (a) e−2t cos(3t)u(t) (c) (e−4t + e−5t sin t)u(t)

Z∞
Z∞
X(s) = x(t)e−st dt
X(s) = x(t)e−st dt
−∞
−∞
Z∞
Z∞
= e−2t cos(3t)u(t)e−st dt
= (e−4t + e−5t sin t)u(t)e−st dt
−∞
−∞
Z∞
1 Z∞ Z∞
e−2t ej3t + e −j3t
e−st dt


= −(s+4)t
2 = e dt + e−(s+5)t sin tdt
0
0 0
Z∞
1 Z∞ Z∞
e−(s+2−j3)t + e−(s+2+j3)t dt


= −(s+4)t 1
2 = e dt + e−(s+5)t (ejt − e−jt )dt
0 2j
0 0
1  1 1 
= × + 1 1 1 1 
2 (s + 2 − j3) (s + 2 + j3) = + −
s + 4 2j (s + 5 − j) (s + 5 + j)
(s + 2)
= 1 1
(s + 2)2 + 9 = +
s + 4 (s + 5)2 + 1

Since the signal is right sided, ROC is Re{s} > -2.

The poles are at s = −4 and s = −5±j. Since the
(b) f (t) = sin(t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 and f (t) = 0, elsewhere signal is right sided, ROC is to the right of the
rightmost pole i.e. Re{s} > -4
Z∞
F (s) = f (t)e−st dt (d) e−2t u(t − 1)
−∞
Z1
Z∞
= sin(t)e−st dt
X(s) = x(t)e−st dt
0
−∞
Z1
1 jt −jt

−st Z∞
= e −e e dt
2j = e−2t u(t − 1)e−st dt
0
−∞
1 n e−(s+j) e−(s−j)   1 1 o
= − − − Z∞
2j s+j s−j s+j s−j
= e−2t e−st dt
1 n e−(s+j) e−(s−j)   2j o
= − + 2 1
2j s+j s−j s +1 Z∞
1 n e−s (s(e−j − ej ) − j(e−j − ej ))   2j o = e−(s+2)t dt
= + 2
2j s2 + 1 s +1 1
1 − e−s (s sin 1 + cos 1) e−(s+2)
= =
s2 + 1 (s + 2)

Since the signal is of finite duration, ROC is the

entire s - plane. Since the signal is right sided, ROC is Re{s} > -2.

1
(e) e−2(t−1) u(t − 1) Since x(t) is two sided, ROC is -2 < Re{s} < 2.
Z∞ Given signal f (t) = tx(t)
X(s) = x(t)e−st dt dX(s)
F (s) = −
−∞ ds
Z∞ 8s
=−
= e−2(t−1) u(t − 1)e−st dt (4 − s2 )2
−∞ Since the signal is two sided, ROC is -2 < Re{s}
Z∞ < 2.
= e−2(t−1) e−st dt 1
1
2. (a) , Re(s) > 0
s(s + 1)
Z∞
=e 2
e−(s+2)t dt 1 1 1
= −
1
s(s + 1) s s+1
−s
e Since the ROC is Re(s) > 0, the signal is right
=
(s + 2) sided.
Since the signal is right sided, ROC is Re{s} > -2. 1
, Re(s)> −a ←→ e−at u(t)
s+a
(f) e2t u(−t) + e3t u(−t)
1 1
=⇒ − ←→ (1 − e−t )u(t)
Z∞ s s+1
X(s) = x(t)e−st dt
1
−∞ (b) , Re(s) < -1
s(s + 1)
Z∞
= e2t u(−t) + e3t u(−t) e−st dt

1 1 1
= −
−∞
s(s + 1) s s+1
Z0 Z0 Since the ROC is Re(s) < -1, the signal is left
−(s−2)
= e dt + e−(s−3) dt sided.
−∞ −∞ 1
, Re(s) < −a ←→ −e−at u(−t)
1 1 s+a
=− −
s−2 s−3 1 1
=⇒ − ←→ −(1 − e−t )u(−t)
2s − 5 s s+1
=−
(s − 2)(s − 3)
1
(c) , -1 < Re(s) < 0
s(s + 1)
The poles are at s = −2 and s = −3. Since the 1 1 1
signal is left sided, ROC is to the left of the left- = −
s(s + 1) s s+1
most pole i.e. Re{s} < 2
(g) te−2|t| Since the ROC is -1 < Re(s) < 0, the signal is two
sided.
Let x(t) = e−2|t| = e−2t u(t) + e2t u(−t) 1 1
Z∞ =⇒ − ←→ −u(−t) − e−t u(t)
s s+1
X(s) = x(t)e−st dt
s+1
−∞ (d) , Re(s)< -1
(s + 1)2 + 9
Z∞
e−2t u(t) + e2t u(−t) e−st dt s−a


= eat [cos(bt)]u(t) ←→ ROC: Re(s)>a
−∞
(s − a)2 + b2
Z∞ Z0
−(s+2)
= e dt + e−(s−2) dt
0 −∞
−(s + 1)
=
1
−
1 , ROC: Re(s)<-1 ←→ e−t [cos 3t]u(−t)
s+2 s−2 (s + 1)2 + 9
4 (s + 1)
= =⇒ , ROC: Re(s)<-1 ←→ −e−t [cos 3t]u(−t)
4 − s2 (s + 1)2 + 9

2
 s+1 3. (a)
(e) , -3< Re(s) < -2
s2 + 5s + 6
s+1 2 1 s+1
= − E(s) =
s2 + 5s + 6 s+3 s+2 (s + 1)2 + 4
Since the ROC is a strip, the signal is two sided.
2 1 Laplace transform of e(t) is given by:
=⇒ − ←→ 2e−3t u(t) + e−2t u(−t)
s+3 s+2
Z∞
(f) E(s) = e(t)e−st dt
2
10s t=−∞
F (s) =e−s
(s + 1)(s + 3)

s2  4s + 3  Since s = 0 is included in the ROC, let us find the

=1−
(s + 1)(s + 3) (s + 1)(s + 3) Laplace Transform at s = 0
Using partial fraction expansion, Z∞
10s2  1 9  E(0) = e(t)dt
= 10 1 + − t=−∞
(s + 1)(s + 3) 2(s + 1) 2(s + 3)
Z∞
δ(t) ←→ 1 e(t)dt = E(0)
1 t=−∞
e−at u(t) ←→ , Re(s)> −a
s+a 0+1
=
10s2  1 9  (0 + 1)2 + 4
←→ 10 δ(t) + e−t u(t) − e−3t u(t)
(s + 1)(s + 3) 2 2 1
=
Using the time shifting property of Laplace trans- 5
form,
x(t − t0 ) ←→ e−st0 X(s) (b) Using the differentiation in s domain property,
Therefore, d
2 te(t) ←→ − E(s)
10s ds
e−s ←→ 10δ(t − 1) + 5e−(t−1) u(t − 1)
(s + 1)(s + 3)
− 45e−3(t−1) u(t − 1)
Z∞
(g) d
te(t)dt = − E(s)|s=0
d  −2s 1  ds
F (s) = e t=−∞
ds (s + 2)2
4 − (s + 1)2
1 d  1  =− |s=0
= − ((s + 1)2 + 4)2
(s + 2)2 ds s + 2
4−1
Using the differentiation in s domain property, =−
(1 + 4)2
d 3
tx(t) ←→ − X(s) =−
ds 25
1
=⇒ ←→ te−2t u(t) 4. (a) x(t) = u(t − 2)
(s + 2)2
1.
Using the time shifting property of Laplace trans- Z ∞
form, X(s) = u(t − 2)e−st dt
Z0 ∞
x(t − t0 ) ←→ e−st0 X(s)
= e−st dt
e−2s 2
←→ (t − 2)e−2(t−2) u(t − 2) −2s
(s + 2)2 e
=
d  e−2s  s
←→ −t(t − 2)e−2(t−2) u(t − 2)
ds (s + 2)2 ROC is Re(s) > 0.

3
 2. No. Since Re(s) does not include σ=0(jω axis) on 2. Yes. Since Re(s) does include jω axis on the s-
the s-plane, Fourier transform does not exist. 1
plane, X(jω) =
(jω + 1)2
(b) x(t) = u(t) − u(t − 3)
1 d  1 
= j
(jω + 1)2 dω jω + 1
1.
1
Z ∞ ←→ e−t u(t)
jω + 1
X(s) = (u(t) − u(t − 3))e−st dt
d  1 
0
j ←→ te−t u(t)
Z 3 dω jω + 1
= e−st dt 1
0 ←→ te−t u(t)
1 − e−3s (jω + 1)2
=
s
ROC is the entire s-plane. (e) x(t) = sin tu(t)

2. Yes. Since Re(s) includes σ=0(jω axis) on the s- 1.

1 − e−3jω Z ∞
plane, X(jω) = X(s) = sin(t)e−st dt
jω 0
Z ∞
1
2 = [ejt − e−jt ]e−st dt
←→ sgn(t) = 2u(t) − 1 2j 0
jω 1
1 1 =
←→ u(t) − s2 + 1
jω 2
ROC is Re(s)>0.
e−3jω 1
←→ u(t − 3) − 2. No. Since Re(s) does not include jω axis on the
jω 2 s-plane, Fourier transform does not exist.
(Time shifting property of Fourier transform)
1
X(jω) ←→ u(t) − u(t − 3) 5. x1 (t) ↔ , ROC : Re{s} > −2
s+2
Using the time shifting property,
e−2s
x1 (t − 2) ↔ , Re{s} > −2
(c) x(t) = e3t u(t) s+2
1
x2 (t) ↔ , ROC : Re{s} > −3
s+3
1. Using the time scaling property,
∞ 1
x2 (−t) ↔ , ROC : Re{s} < 3
Z
X(s) = e3t e−st dt −s + 3
Using the time shifting property,
Z0 ∞
e−3s
= e(−s+3)t dt x2 (−(t − 3)) ↔ , ROC : Re{s} < 3
0
−s + 3
Using the convolution property,
1
= e−2s e−3s e−5s
s−3 x1 (t−2)∗x2 (−t+3) ↔ =
s + 2 −s + 3 (2 + s)(3 − s)
ROC is Re(s)>3. ROC : −2 < Re{s} < 3

2. No. Since Re(s) does not include σ=0(jω axis) on

the s-plane, Fourier transform does not exist. 6. (a)
Z +∞
−t
(d) x(t) = te u(t) X(s) = x(t)e−st dt
−∞
Z +∞
1. = x(−t)e−st dt (x is even, put − t = p)
−∞
Z ∞ Z +∞
X(s) = te−t e−st dt = x(p)esp dp
0 −∞
1
= = X(−s)
(s + 1)2
Therefore a even function of time has a even
ROC is Re(s)>-1. Laplace transform

4
 (b) The Laplace transform X(s) with zeros at
s = z1 , z2 , .., zm and poles at s = p1 , p2 , .., pn can
be expressed as,

(s − z1 )(s − z2 )...(s − zm )
X(s) =
(s − p1 )(s − p2 )...(s − pn )
Using the above, Laplace transform for the given
pole-zero plots can be written as:
s
1. X1 (s) =
(s + 1)(s − 1)
(s + 1)(s − 1)
2. X2 (s) =
s
(s + j)(s − j)
3. X3 (s) =
(s + 1)(s − 1)
s−1
4. X4 (s) =
s+1
Using the result from part (a), only X3 (s) satisfies
the property that X3 (s) = X3 (−s) . Hence x3 (t)
is an even function of time. The ROC is −1 <
Re{s} < 1 since the signal is even and has to be
two sided.
7.
δ(t) ←→ 1
Using the time shifting property,
δ(t − nT ) ←→ e−nT s

∞
X
Given x(t) = e−nT δ(t − nT )
n=0
X∞
X(s) = e−nT e−snT
n=0
X∞
= e−nT (s+1)
n=0
1
=
1 − e−T (s+1)
To find the poles :
1 − e−T (s+1) = 0
=⇒ −T (s + 1) = j2πk
2πk
=⇒ sk = −1 − j , k = 0, ±1, ±2, ..
T
Since the signal is right sided, ROC:Re{s} > -1.
Im{s}
.
.
x 6π/Τ
x 4π/Τ
x 2π/Τ
x
-1 0 Re{s}
x −2π/Τ
x −4π/Τ
x −6π/Τ
.
.